1. Artificial blood
..a tool for new life
Presented by:-
Jyoti Devendra Adala

2. What is artificial blood??
Blood : viscous, alkaline, cellular
fluid.
Artificial blood : substitute for
red blood cells.
sole purpose is to carry oxygen
to tissues and heart.

3. History
• Karl Landsteiner :
immunologist and pathologist
in the 1900s
• He classified human blood into
four groups: A, B, AB, and O
• Medical practitioners tried
substances like urine , beer,
milk etc as a blood substitute.
• In 1854, patients were injected
with milk to treat Asiatic
cholera

4. Ringer’s Solution
• Created by the physiologist Sydney
Ringer in 1882
• It is a saline solution
• Contains NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and
NaHCO3
• This solution resembles blood
serum
• Often used to culture animal cells

5. Ideal Characteristics of Artificial Blood
• Safe to use
• Compatible in the human body
• Able to transport and release oxygen
• Storable and durable for longer time periods
• Is free of pathogens and toxins

6. Types…
1) Perfluorocarbons (PFC’s)
2) Haemoglobin-based products

7. Perfluorocarbons (PFC’s)
• Derivatives of HC in which the
H2 atoms are replaced by F2
atoms.
• Biologically inert materials
• Can dissolve about 50 times
more O2 than blood plasma.

8. CONTINUED……
• Process of production:
Water, salts, and phospholipids surfactant are
added, emulsified at high-pressure
homogenization purified through high
temperatures of steam.
• Common PFCs: Perfluorodecalin, Perflubron

9. Advantages
1) do not react with oxygen.
2) easy oxygen transport .
3)increased oxygen solubility
in plasma.
4)minimize the effects of
factors like pH and
temperature.
Disadvantages
1)may causes flu-like
symptoms.
2) unable to remain mixed as
aqueous solutions.
3) PFCs absorb oxygen
passively, difficulty in
breathing.

10. Haemoglobin - based products
• Hb carries O2 from the lungs to
the other tissues in the body
• The challenge is to modify the Hb
molecule
• This involves using recombinant
DNA technology to produce
modified proteins

11. Manufacturing process
1) Hb synthesis
a) E-coli bacteria strain
b) Seed tank
c) Fermentation
d) Isolation
2) Final processing
a) Packaging
b) Checking

12. • Merits
1) Availability .
2) Shelf life.
3) Inexpensive and works
rapidly.
4) Works regardless of blood
type.
5) Easy to store and
transport.
• Demerits
1)disrupts certain
physiological structures.
2)It releases free radicals
into the body.

13. future
• Currently, there are several companies working of the
production of a safe and effective artificial blood substitute.
• Scientists from IIT - Madras, claimed that they were able to
generate a quadrillion amount of pure RBC’s from a million
number of stem cells.

14. www.ncbi.n/m.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2738310
http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/ever
ydayinnovations/artificialblood.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_substitute