Computer graphics practical(jainam)

Shri S’ad Vidya Mandal Institute of Technology
Department of Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology
(B.E. Third Year – Sem – V) Branch : Information Technology
SUBJECT :- COMPUTER GRAPHICS (2151603)
NAME:- Jainam Kapadiya
ENROLLMENT NO: 150450116015
INDEX
SR. NO. PRACTICAL TITLE DATE SIGN
1. Study of various graphics functions in C language and
use them to create any graphics object
2. Develop the DDA Line drawing algorithm using C
language
3. Develop the Bresenham’s Line drawing algorithm using
C language
4. Develop the Bresenham’s Circle drawing algorithm
using C language
5. Develop the C program for to display different types of
lines
6. Perform the following 2D Transformation operation
Translation , Rotation and Scaling
7. Perform the Line Clipping Algorithm
8. Perform the Polygon clipping algorithm
9. Perform the following tasks using MATLAB commands.
- Read the grayscale and color image.
- Display images on the computer monitor
- Write images in your destination folder.
10. Generate the complement image using MATLAB.

COMPUTER GRAPHICS- LAB MANUAL Enrollment No :- 150450116015 2017
S. V. M. I. T., Bharuch| Branch – Information Technology 1
PRACTICAL – 1
1. Study of various graphics functions in C language and use them to create any
graphics object
In C graphics programming you have to use standard library functions , every graphics program should
include "graphics.h" header file.
#include<graphics.h>
Graphics Mode Initialization :- In a C program, first step is to initialize the graphics drivers on the
computer. This is done using the initgraph method provided in graphics.h library The initgraph function
that will initialize the graphics mode on the computer. initigraph has the following prototype.
void initgraph(int far *graphdriver, int far *graphmode, char far *pathtodriver);
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"f:tcbgi");
initgraph:- initializes the graphics system by loading the graphics driver from disk (or validating a
REGISTERED driver) then putting the system into graphics mode. initgraph also resets all graphics
settings (color, palette, current position, viewport, etc.) to their defaults, then resets graphresult to 0.
graphics_drivers constant Numeric value
DETECT 0 (requests autodetect)
CGA 1
MCGA 2
EGA 3
EGA64 4
EGAMONO 5
IBM8514 6
HERCMONO 7
ATT400 8
VGA 9
PC3270 10

*graphdriver:- the integer that specifies the graphics driver to be used. We can give graphdriver a value
using a constant of the graphics_drivers enumeration type which is listed in graphics.h. Normally we use
value as “0” (requests auto-detect). Other values are 1 to 10 and description of each enumeration type is
listed here.
*graphmode:- the integer that specifies the initial graphics mode (unless *graphdriver = DETECT). If
*graphdriver = DETECT, initgraph sets *graphmode to the highest resolution available for the detected
driver.
graphdriver and graphmode must be set to valid values from the following tables, or you will get
unpredictable results. The exception is graphdriver = DETECT.
*pathtodriver:- inorder to specify the directory path where initgraph looks for graphics drivers (*.BGI)
first.
(1) If they’re not there, initgraph looks in the current directory.
(2) If pathtodriver is null, the driver files must be in the current directory.
*graphdriver and *graphmode must be set to valid graphics_drivers and graphics_mode values or we
will get unpredictable results. (The exception is graphdriver = DETECT.)
After a call to initgraph, *graphdriver is set to the current graphics driver, and *graphmode is set to the
current graphics mode. We can tell initgraph to use a particular graphics driver and mode, or to auto
detect the attached video adapter at run time and pick the corresponding driver. If we tell initgraph to
autodetect, it calls detectgraph to select a graphics driver and mode.
Normally, initgraph loads a graphics driver by allocating memory for the driver (through
_graphgetmem), then loading the appropriate .BGI file from disk. This dynamic loading scheme, you
can link a graphics driver file (or several of them) directly into your executable program file.
closegraph:- deallocates all memory allocated by the graphics system, then restores the screen to the
mode it was in before you called initgraph. (The graphics system deallocates memory, such as the
drivers, fonts, and an internal buffer, through a call to _graphfreemem.)
Below are mentioned various graphics functions with description, syntax and sample code of
same:

1. getmaxx function
Description: - getmaxx function returns the maximum X coordinate for current graphics
mode and driver.
Declaration: - int getmaxx();
Program :- #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm, max_x;
char array[100];
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCBGI");
max_x = getmaxx();
printf(array, "Maximum X coordinate for current graphics mode and driver
= %d.",max_x);
outtext(array);
getch();
}
2. getmaxy function
Description: - getmaxy function returns the maximum Y coordinate for current graphics
mode and driver.
Declaration: - int getmaxy();
Program :- #include<graphics.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm, max_y;
char array[100];
max_y = getmaxy();
printf(array, "Maximum Y coordinate for current graphics mode & driver is
= %d.",max_y);
outtext(array);
getch();
}

3. setcolor function
Description: - In Turbo Graphics each color is assigned a number. Total 16 colors are
available. Strictly speaking number of available colors depends on current
graphics mode and driver.
For Example: - BLACK is assigned 0, RED is assigned 4 etc.
setcolor function is used to change the current drawing color.
e.g. setcolor(RED) or setcolor(4) changes the current drawing color to RED.
Remember that default drawing color is WHITE.
Declaration: - void setcolor(int color);
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main ()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
circle (100,100,50);
setcolor(RED);
circle(200,200,50);
getch();
closegraph();
}
4.
getcolor function
Description: - getcolor function returns the current drawing color.
E.g. a = getcolor(); // a is an integer variable if current drawing color is WHITE
then a will be 15.
Declaration:- int getcolor();
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm, drawing_color;
char a[100];
drawing_color = getcolor();
printf(a,"Current drawing color = %d", drawing_color);

outtextxy( 10, 10, a );
getch();
}
5. outtextxy function
Description: - outtextxy function display text or string at a specified point(x,y) on the screen.
Declaration:- void outtextxy(int x, int y, char *string);
x, y are coordinates of the point and third argument contains the address of
string to be displayed.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
outtextxy(100, 100, "WELCOME- TO COMPUTER GRAPHICS LAB");
getch();
}
6. getpixel function
Description: - int getpixel(int x, int y);
Declaration: - getpixel function returns the color of pixel present at location(x, y).
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm, color;
char array[50];
color = getpixel(0, 0);
printf(array,"color of pixel at (0,0) = %d",color);
outtext(array);
getch();
}

7. putpixel function
Description: - putpixel function plots a pixel at location (x, y) of specified color.
Declaration: - void putpixel(int x, int y, int color);
For example if we want to draw a GREEN color pixel at (35, 45) then we will
write putpixel(35, 35, GREEN); in our c program, putpixel function can be
used to draw circles, lines and ellipses using various algorithms.
Program:- #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:TCBGI");
putpixel(25, 25, RED);
getch(); }
8. circle function
Description: -
circle function is used to draw a circle with center (x,y) and third parameter
specifies the radius of the circle. The code given below draws a circle.
Declaration: - void circle(int x, int y, int radius);
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
circle(100, 100, 50);
getch();
}
9. line function
Description :- line function is used to draw a line from a point(x1,y1) to point(x2,y2) i.e.
(x1,y1) and (x2,y2) are end points of the line.The code given below draws a
line.
Declaration :- void line(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);
#include<stdio.h>
#include <graphics.h>

#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
line(100, 100, 200, 200);
getch();
}
10.
rectangle function
Description: - rectangle function is used to draw a rectangle. Coordinates of left top and
right bottom corner are required to draw the rectangle. left specifies the X-
coordinate of top left corner, top specifies the Y-coordinate of top left corner,
right specifies the X-coordinate of right bottom corner, bottom specifies the Y-
coordinate of right bottom corner.
Declaration: - void rectangle(int left, int top, int right, int bottom);
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
rectangle(100,100,200,200);
getch();
}
11.
ellipse function
Description: - Ellipse is used to draw an ellipse (x,y) are coordinates of center of the ellipse,
stangle is the starting angle, end angle is the ending angle, and fifth and sixth
parameters specifies the X and Y radius of the ellipse. To draw a complete
ellipse strangles and end angle should be 0 and 360 respectively.
Declarations:- void ellipse(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle, int xradius, int yradius);
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()

{
ellipse(100, 100, 0, 360, 50, 25);
getch();
}
12. getx function
Description: - getx function returns the X coordinate of current position.
Declaration: int getx();
#include<stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
char array[100];
printf(array, "Current position of x = %d",getx());
outtext(array);
getch();
}
13. gety function
Description: - gety function returns the y coordinate of current position.
Declaration: - int gety();
#include<stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm, y;
char array[100];
y = gety();
printf(array, "Current position of y = %d", y);
outtext(array);
getch();
}

14. getmaxcolor function
Description: - getmaxcolor function returns maximum color value for current graphics
mode and driver. Total number of colors available for current graphics mode
and driver are ( getmaxcolor() + 1 ) as color numbering starts from zero.
Declaration: int getmaxcolor();
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm, max_colors;
char a[100];
max_colors = getmaxcolor();
printf(a,"Maximum number of colors for current graphics mode and driver
= %d",max_colors+1);
outtextxy(0, 40, a);
getch();
}
15. setfillstyle function
Description:- setfillstyle function sets the current fill pattern and fill color.
Different fill styles:
enum fill_style
{EMPTY_FILL,SOLID_FILL,LINE_FILL,LTSLASH_FILL,SLASH_FILL,KSLAS
H_FILL,
LTBKSLASH_FILL,HATCH_FILL,XHATCH_FILL,INTERLEAVE_FILL,WIDE
_DOT_FILL, CLOSE_DOT_FILL, USER_FILL };
Declaration :- void setfillstyle( int pattern, int color);
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
setfillstyle(XHATCH_FILL, RED);
circle(100, 100, 50);

floodfill(100, 100, WHITE);
getch();
}
16. Setlinestyle
Description:- Available line styles:
enum line_styles
{SOLID_LINE,DOTTED_LINE,CENTER_LINE,
DASHED_LINE, USERBIT_LINE }
Declaration: void setlinestyle( int linestyle, unsigned upattern, int thickness );
#include<stdio.h>
#incude<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm, c , x = 100, y = 50;
for ( c = 0 ; c < 5 ; c++ )
{
setlinestyle(c, 0, 2);
line(x, y, x+200, y);
y = y + 25;
}
getch();
}
17. setbkcolor function
Description:- setbkcolor function changes current background color e.g.
setbkcolor(YELLLOW) changes the current background color to YELLOW.
Remember that default drawing color is WHITE and background color is
BLACK.
Declaration: - void setbkcolor(int color);
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{

outtext("Press any key to change the background color to GREEN.");
getch();
setbkcolor(GREEN);
getch();
}
18. Setfillpattern
Description:- setfillpattern is like setfillstyle, except that you use it to set a user-defined 8x8
pattern rather than a predefined pattern. upattern is a pointer to a sequence of
8 bytes, with each byte corresponding to 8 pixels in the pattern. Whenever a
bit in a pattern byte is set to 1, the corresponding pixel is plotted.
Declaration:- void setfillpattern(char *upattern, int color);
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main(void)
{
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy;
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00};
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");
errorcode = graphresult();
getch();
exit(1);
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor());
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor());
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy);
getch();
}
19. Getfillpattern
Description: - getfillpattern copies the user-defined fill pattern, as set by setfillpattern, into
the 8-byte area pointed to by pattern.pattern is a pointer to a sequence of 8
bytes, with each byte corresponding to 8 pixels in the pattern. Whenever a bit

in a pattern byte is set to 1, the corresponding pixel will be plotted.
For example, the following user-defined fill pattern represents a checkerboard:
char checkboard[8] = { 0xAA, 0x55, 0xAA, 0x55, 0xAA, 0x55, 0xAA, 0x55};
Declaration:- void getfillpattern(char *pattern);
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main(void)
{
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy;
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x25, 0x27, 0x04, 0x04};
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) {
printf("Graphics error: %sn", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any
key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1);
}
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor());
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); getch();
getfillpattern(pattern);
pattern[4] -= 1; pattern[5] -= 3; pattern[6] += 3; pattern[7] -= 4;
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy);
getch();
}
20. gotoxy function
Description:- gotoxy in c: gotoxy function places cursor at a desired location on screen i.e.
we can change cursor position using gotoxy function.
Declaration:- void gotoxy(int x,int y)

where (x, y) is the position where we want to place the cursor.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int x, y;
x = 10;
y = 10;
gotoxy(x, y);
printf("C program to change cursor position.");
getch();
}
Below is a C program that includes the usage of above graphics function with its output :-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int choice;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int style;
char *fname[] = {"SOLID_FILL"};
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:tcbgi");
while(1)
{
printf("enter the choice which you want:");
printf("n 1)circle");
printf("n 2)rectangle");
printf("n 3)ellipse");
printf("n 4)line");
printf("n 5)point");
printf("n 6)exit");

scanf("%d",&choice);
clrscr();
cleardevice();
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
for(style = SOLID_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, getmaxcolor());
setbkcolor(5);
setcolor(11);
circle(40,50,20);
floodfill(50,60,11);
getch();
break;
case 2:setbkcolor(6);
setcolor(12);
rectangle(100,80,200,140);
getch();
break;
setcolor(13);
ellipse(80,100,45,405,10,20);
getch();
break;
case 4: setbkcolor(12);
line(160,350,250,390);
getch();

break;
putpixel(40,50,20);
getch();
break;
case 6:exit();
getch();
break;
}
getch();
}
}
Output:-

PRACTICAL – 2
2. Develop the DDA Line drawing algorithm using C language.
DDA ALGORITHM:-
Pseudo Code Of DDA Algorithm
Procedure lineDDA(xa,ya,xb,yb:integer);
var
dx,dy,steps,k:integer
xIncrement, yIncrement, x, y:real;
begin
dx:=xb-xa;
dy:=yb-ya;
if abs(dx)>abs(dy) then steps:=abs(dx)
else steps:=abs(dy);
xIncrement:=dx/steps;
yIncrement:=dy/steps;
x:=xa;
y:=ya;
setPixel(round(x),round(y),1);
for k:=1 to steps do
begin
x:=x+xIncrement;
y:=y+yIncrement;
setPixel(round(x),round(y),1)
end
end

Below is a C program of DDA line drawing algorithm with output:-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int i,gd,gm;
float x,y,x1,y1,x2,y2,x_incr,y_incr,length,dx,dy,m;
printf("enter the value of x1:");
scanf("%f",&x1);
printf("n enter the value of y1:");
scanf("%f",&y1);
printf("n enter the value of x2:");
scanf("%f",&x2);
printf("n enter the value of y2:");
scanf("%f",&y2);
detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
initgraph(&gd,&gm," ");
setbkcolor(7);
dx=abs(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);
m=dy/dx;

printf("Slope=%f",m);
if(dx>=dy)
{
length=dx;
}
else
{
length=dy;
}
x_incr=abs(x2-x1)/length;
y_incr=abs(y2-y1)/length;
x=x1;
y=y1;
putpixel(x,y,12);
i=1;
while(i<=length)
{
x=x+x_incr;
y=y+y_incr;
putpixel(x,y,12);
printf("n %f %f",x,y);
i=i+1;
delay(50);
}

getch();
closegraph();
}
Output:-

PRACTICAL – 3
3. Develop the Bresenham’s Line drawing algorithm using C language.
The Bresenham’s Line drawing Algorithm
(For |m| < 1.0)
1. Input the two line end-points, storing the left end-point in (x0, y0)
2. Plot the point (x0, y0)
3. Calculate the constants Δx, Δy, 2Δy, and (2Δy - 2Δx) and get the first value for the
decision parameter as:
4. At each xk along the line, starting at k = 0, perform the following test. If pk < 0, the next
point to plot is (xk+1, yk) and:
5. Otherwise, the next point to plot is (xk+1, yk+1) and:
6. Repeat step 4 (Δx – 1) times.
Below is a C program of Bresenham’s line drawing algorithm with output:-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int x1,x2,y1,y2,x,y,xend;
int dx,dy,twody,twodydx,p;
xyp  20
ypp kk  21
xypp kk  221

int gd=DETECT,gm;
clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
printf("n Enter the value of x1 and y1:");
scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1);
outtextxy(x1,y1,"(x1,y1)");
printf("n Enter the value of x2 and y2:");
scanf("%d %d",&x2,&y2);
outtextxy(x2,y2,"(x2,y2)");
setbkcolor(0);
dx=(x2-x1);
dy=(y2-y1);
twody=2*dy;
twodydx=2*(dy-dx);
p=2*dy-dx;
if(x1>x2)
{
x=x2;
y=y2;
xend=x1;
}
else
{
x=x1;

y=y1;
xend=x2;
}
printf("np=%d,t x=%d,t y=%d",p,x,y);
putpixel(x,y,5);
while(x < xend)
{
x++;
if(p<0)
p+=twody;
else
{
y++;
p+=twodydx;
}
printf("np=%d,t x=%d,t y=%d",p,x,y);
putpixel(x,y,5);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}

Output:-

PRACTICAL – 4
4. Develop the Bresenham’s Circle drawing algorithm using C language.
The Bresenham’s circle drawing Algorithm
1. Initial values:- point(0,r)
x0 = 0
y0 = r
move circle origin at (0,0) by
x = x – xc and y = y – yc
2. Initial decision parameter
3. At each xi position, starting at i = 0, perform the following test: if pi < 0, the next point is (xi
+ 1, yi) and
pi+1 = pi + 2xi+1 + 1
At each xi position, starting at i = 0, perform the following test: if pi < 0, the next point is
(xi + 1, yi) and
pi+1 = pi + 2xi+1 + 1
4. Determine symmetry points in the other octants
5. Move pixel positions (x,y) onto the circular path centered on (xc, yc) and plot the
coordinates: x = x + xc, y = y + yc
6. Repeat 3 – 5 until x ≥ y
Below is a C program of Bresenham’s circle drawing algorithm with output:-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
2 2 51 1
0 2 2 4(1, ) 1 ( )circlep f r r r r       

void circleplotpoints(int xc,int yc,int x,int y)
{
putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,5);
putpixel(xc-x,yc+y,5);
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,5);
putpixel(xc-x,yc-y,5);
putpixel(xc+y,yc+x,5);
putpixel(xc-y,yc+x,5);
putpixel(xc+y,yc-x,5);
putpixel(xc-y,yc-x,5);
}
void main()
{
int xc,yc,r,p,x,y;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
clrscr();
printf("n Enter the value of circle center x and y:");
scanf("%d %d",&xc,&yc);
outtextxy(xc,yc,"(x,y)");
printf("n Enter the value of circle radius:");
scanf("%d",&r);
setbkcolor(0);
x=0;
y=r;

p=1-r;
circleplotpoints(xc,yc,x,y);
printf("nx=%d,t y=%d",x,y);
while(x<y)
{
x++;
if(p<0)
p+=2*x+1;
else
{
y--;
p+=2*(x-y)+1;
}
circleplotpoints(xc,yc,x,y);
printf("nx=%d,t y=%d",x,y);
}
getch();
}
Output:-

PRACTICAL – 5
5. Develop the C program for to display different types of lines.
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm,c;
int x1,x2,y1,y2;
initgraph(&gd,&gm, "");
setbkcolor(0);
while(1)
{
printf("n1.SOLID_LINEn2.DOTTED_LINEn3.CENTER_LINEn");
printf("n4.DASHED_LINEn5.USERBIT_LINEn6.Exit");
printf("nEnter Your Choice:");
scanf("%d",&c);
clrscr();
cleardevice();
if(c<6)
{
printf("nEnter starting point (x1 ,y1):");
scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1);
printf("nEnter End point (x2,y2):");
scanf("%d %d",&x2,&y2);

}
switch(c)
{
case 1:
setlinestyle(SOLID_LINE,1,1);
setcolor(15);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
getch();
cleardevice();
break;
case 2:
setlinestyle(DOTTED_LINE,1,1);
setcolor(15);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
getch();
cleardevice();
break;
case 3:
setlinestyle(CENTER_LINE,1,1);
setcolor(15);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
getch();
cleardevice();
break;

case 4:
setlinestyle(DASHED_LINE,1,1);
setcolor(15);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
getch();
cleardevice();
break;
case 5:
setlinestyle(USERBIT_LINE,1,1);
setcolor(15);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
getch();
cleardevice();
break;
case 6:
exit(1);
break;
default:
printf("!Enter the correct choice!");
}
clrscr();
cleardevice();

getch();
}
}
Output:-
(Choice 1)
(Choice 2) (Choice 3)
)
(Choice 4) (Choice 5)

PRACTICAL – 6
6. Perform the following 2D Transformation operation Translation , Rotation
and Scaling.
ALGORITHM:
1. Start
2. Initialize the graphics mode.
3. Construct a 2D object (use Drawpoly()) e.g. (x,y)
4. A) Translation
– a. Get the translation value tx, ty
– b. Move the 2d object with tx, ty (x’=x+tx,y’=y+ty)
– c. Plot (x’,y’)
5. B) Scaling
– a. Get the scaling value Sx,Sy
– b. Resize the object with Sx,Sy (x’=x*Sx,y’=y*Sy)
6. C) Rotation
– a. Get the Rotation angle
– b. Rotate the object by the angle ф
x’=x cos ф - y sin ф
y’=x sin ф - y cosф
Below is a C program of 2D Transformation operation Translation , Rotation and Scaling
with output:-
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void translation();
void rotation();
void scalling();
void triangle();
void quadrant();
void main()
{
int gm;
int gd=DETECT;
int x1,x2,x3,y1,y2,y3,c;
printf("nEnter the point of triangle (x1,y1):");
scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1);
scanf("%d %d",&x2,&y2);
scanf("%d %d",&x3,&y3);
clrscr();
cleardevice();
setbkcolor(0);
triangle(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3);
while(1)
{
printf("n 1.Transactionn 2.Rotationn 3.Scallingn 4.exit n");

printf("nEnter your choice:");
scanf("%d",&c);
clrscr();
cleardevice();
quadrant();
switch(c)
{
case 1:
translation(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3);
getch();
break;
case 2:
rotation(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3);
getch();
break;
case 3:
scalling(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3);
getch();
break;
case 4:
exit(1);
break;
default:

printf("!Enter the correct choice!");
}
clrscr();
cleardevice();
getch();
}
}
void quadrant()
{
line(320,0,320,479);
line(0,240,639,240);
}
void triangle(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3)
{
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
}
void translation(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3)
{
int nx1,nx2,nx3,ny1,ny2,ny3;
int xt,yt;
printf("n Enter the translation factor xt & yt:");
scanf("%d %d",&xt,&yt);
cleardevice();
quadrant();

nx1=x1+xt;
ny1=y1+yt;
nx2=x2+xt;
ny2=y2+yt;
nx3=x3+xt;
ny3=y3+yt;
line(nx1,ny1,nx2,ny2);
}
void rotation(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3)
{
float t,r;
printf("n Enter the angle of rotation :");
scanf("%f",&r);
cleardevice();
quadrant();
t=(r*(3.14))/180;
nx1=x2+((x1-x2)*cos(t)-(y1-y2)*sin(t));
ny1=y2+((x1-x2)*sin(t)+(y1-y2)*cos(t));

}
void scalling(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3)
{
float sx,sy;
printf("n Enter the scalling factor sx & sy:");
scanf("%f %f",&sx,&sy);
cleardevice();
quadrant();
nx1=x1*sx;
ny1=y1*sy;
nx2=x2*sx;
ny2=y2*sy;
nx3=x3*sx;
ny3=y3*sy;
}

Output:-
(Choice 1)

(After translation)
(Choice 2)

(After rotation)
(Choice 3)

(After Scaling)

PRACTICAL – 7
Perform the Line Clipping Algorithm.
#include"stdio.h"
#include"conio.h"
#include"graphics.h"
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm;
float i,xmax,ymax,xmin,ymin,x1,y1,x2,y2,m;
float start[4],end[4],code[4];
clrscr();
printf("nt Please enter the bottom left co-ordinate of viewport: ");
scanf("%f %f",&xmin,&ymin);
printf("nt Please enter the top right co-ordinate of viewport: ");
scanf("%f %f",&xmax,&ymax);
printf("nt Please enter the co-ordinates for starting point of line: ");
scanf("%f %f",&x1,&y1);
printf("nt Please enter the co-ordinates for ending point of line: ");
scanf("%f %f",&x2,&y2);
for(i=0;i <4;i++)
{
start[i]=0;
end[i]=0;
}

m=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1);
if(x1 <xmin) start[0]=1;
if(x1 >xmax) start[1]=1;
if(y1 >ymax) start[2]=1;
if(y1 <ymin) start[3]=1;
if(x2 <xmin) end[0]=1;
if(x2 >xmax) end[1]=1;
if(y2 >ymax) end[2]=1;
if(y2 <ymin) end[3]=1;
for(i=0;i <4;i++)
code[i]=start[i]&&end[i];
if((code[0]==0)&&(code[1]==0)&&(code[2]==0)&&(code[3]==0))
{
if((start[0]==0)&&(start[1]==0)&&(start[2]==0)&&(start[3]==0)&&(end[0]==0)&&(end[1]==0
)&&(end[2]==0)&&(end[3]==0))
{
cleardevice();
printf("nttThe line is totally visiblenttand not a clipping candidate");
rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
getch();
}
else

{
cleardevice();
printf("nttLine is partially visible");
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
getch();
if((start[2]==0)&&(start[3]==1))
{
x1=x1+(ymin-y1)/m;
y1=ymin;
}
if((end[2]==0)&&(end[3]==1))
{
x2=x2+(ymin-y2)/m;
y2=ymin;
}
if((start[2]==1)&&(start[3]==0))
{
x1=x1+(ymax-y1)/m;
y1=ymax;
}
if((end[2]==1)&&(end[3]==0))
{
x2=x2+(ymax-y2)/m;
y2=ymax;

}
if((start[1]==0)&&(start[0]==1))
{
y1=y1+m*(xmin-x1);
x1=xmin;
}
if((end[1]==0)&&(end[0]==1))
{
y2=y2+m*(xmin-x2);
x2=xmin;
}
if((start[1]==1)&&(start[0]==0))
{
y1=y1+m*(xmax-x1);
x1=xmax;
}
if((end[1]==1)&&(end[0]==0))
{
y2=y2+m*(xmax-x2);
x2=xmax;
}
clrscr();
cleardevice();
printf("nttAfter clippling:");

line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
getch();
}
}
else
{
clrscr();
cleardevice();
printf("nLine is invisible");
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
Output:

PRACTICAL – 8
Perform the Polygon clipping algorithm.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void clip(float,float,float);
int i,j=0,n;
int rx1,rx2,ry1,ry2;
float x1[8],y1[8];
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int i,n;
float x[8],y[8],m;
clrscr();
printf("coordinates for rectangle : ");
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&rx1,&ry1,&rx2,&ry2);
printf("no. of sides for polygon : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("coordinates : ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%f%f",&x[i],&y[i]);
}
cleardevice();
outtextxy(10,10,"Before clipping");
outtextxy(10,470,"Press any key....");
rectangle(rx1,ry1,rx2,ry2);

for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
line(x[i],y[i],x[i+1],y[i+1]);
line(x[i],y[i],x[0],y[0]);
getch();
cleardevice();
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{
m=(y[i+1]-y[i])/(x[i+1]-x[i]);
clip(x[i],y[i],m);
clip(x[i+1],y[i+1],m);
}
m=(y[i]-y[0])/(x[i]-x[0]);
clip(x[i],y[i],m);
clip(x[0],y[0],m);
outtextxy(10,10,"After clipping");
outtextxy(10,470,"Press any key....");
rectangle(rx1,ry1,rx2,ry2);
for(i=0;i<j-1;i++)
line(x1[i],y1[i],x1[i+1],y1[i+1]);
getch();
}
void clip(float e,float f,float m)
{
while(e<rx1 || e>rx2 || f<ry1 || f>ry2)
{
if(e<rx1)
{
f+=m*(rx1-e);
e=rx1;
}

else if(e>rx2)
{
f+=m*(rx2-e);
e=rx2;
}
if(f<ry1)
{
e+=(ry1-f)/m;
f=ry1;
}
else if(f>ry2)
{
e+=(ry2-f)/m;
f=ry2;
}
}
x1[j]=e;
y1[j]=f;
j++;
}
Output:

PRACTICAL – 9
Perform the following tasks using MATLAB commands.
 Read the grayscale and color image.
i=imread('1.png');
subplot(1,2,1);
imshow(i);title('original');
j=rgb2gray(i);
subplot(1,2,2);
imshow(j);title('gray image');
Output:-
 Display images on the computer monitor
i=imread('1.png');
subplot(2,2,1);
Output:-

 Write images in your destination folder.
i=imread('1.png');
subplot(1,2,1);
imwrite(i,'copy1.jpeg');
Output:-

PRACTICAL – 10
Generate the complement image using MATLAB.
i=imread('1.png');
subplot(2,2,1);
k=imcomplement(i);
subplot(2,2,2);
imshow(k);title('complement');
Output:-

Open Ended Problem
Simple paint brush application –part-1
#include<dos.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<alloc.h>
#define MIN_X 83
#define MAX_X 629
#define MIN_Y 35
#define MAX_Y 409
#define MAX_BUTTONS 27
#define MAX_COLPAT 28
int initmouse()
{
i.x.ax=0;
int86(0x33,&i,&o);
return(o.x.ax);
}
void showmouseptr()
{
i.x.ax=1;
int86(0x33,&i,&o);
}
void hidemouseptr()
{
i.x.ax=2;
int86(0x33,&i,&o);

}
void startmouse(int x,int y)
{
i.x.ax=4;
i.x.cx=x;
i.x.dx=y;
int86(0x33,&i,&o);
}
void getxy()
{
union REGS regs;
regs.x.ax=3;
int86(0x33,&regs,&regs);
prevx=mousex;
prevy=mousey;
if(regs.x.bx&1)
LeftButtonPressed=1;
else
if(regs.x.bx&2)
RightButtonPressed=1;
else
mousex=regs.x.cx;
mousey=regs.x.dx;
}
void cut()
{
int i,j,k=0;
ShowStatus("do not cut large areas");
if(marked)

{
unmark();
for(i=marker.top;i<marker.bottom;i++)
for(j=marker.left;j<marker.right;j++)
buffer1[k++]=getpixel(j,i);
hidemouseptr();
for(i=marker.left;i<marker.right;i++)
for(j=marker.top;j<marker.bottom;j++)
{
putpixel(i,j,WHITE);
}
showmouseptr();
}
}
void copy()
{
int i,j,k=0;
int height=marker.bottom-marker.top;
int length=marker.right-marker.left;
ShowStatus("do not copy large areas");
if(marked)
{
unmark();
buffer1[0]=length;
buffer1[1]=height;
for(i=marker.top;i<marker.bottom;i++)
for(j=marker.left;j<marker.right;j++)
buffer1[k++]=getpixel(j,i);
}
}
void paste(int x1,int y1)

{
int i,j,xt,yt,k=0;
int h=marker.bottom-marker.top;
int l=marker.right-marker.left;
hidemouseptr();
for(i=y1;i<y1+h;i++)
for(j=x1;j<x1+l;j++)
{
if(j>MIN_X && j<MAX_X && i>MIN_Y && i<MAX_Y)
putpixel(j,i,buffer1[k++]);
}
showmouseptr();
}
void callpaste()
{
delay(500);
while(1)
{
getxy();
if(LeftButtonPressed)
{
if(mousex<MIN_X || mousex>MAX_X || mousey<MIN_Y || mousey>MAX_Y)
return ;
paste(mousex,mousey);
return ;
}
else if(RightButtonPressed)
return;
}
}

void getmousepos(int *button,int *x,int *y)
{
i.x.ax=3;
int86(0x33,&i,&o);
*button=o.x.bx;
if(o.x.bx&1)
else
if(o.x.bx&2)
else
prevx=mousex;
prevy=mousey;
mousex=o.x.cx;
mousey=o.x.dx;
*x=o.x.cx;
*y=o.x.dx;
}
void insert(int x,int y)
{
struct node1 *new1;
new1=(struct node1*)malloc(sizeof(struct node1));
new1->x=x;
new1->y=y;
new1->next=NULL;
last1->next=new1;
last1=new1;
return;
}

void flip()
{
int col;
int y1,y2;
int color1,color2;
for(col=MIN_X+2;col<=MAX_X-2;++col)
{
y1=MIN_Y+2;
y2=MAX_Y-2;
while(y1<y2)
{
color1=getpixel(col,y1);
color2=getpixel(col,y2);
putpixel(col,y2,color1);
putpixel(col,y1,color2);
y1++;
y2--;
}
}
}
void mirror()
{
int row;
int x1,x2;
int color1,color2;
for(row=MIN_Y+2;row<=MAX_Y-2;++row)
{
x1=MIN_X+2;
x2=MAX_X-2;
while(x1<x2)
{

color1=getpixel(x1,row);
color2=getpixel(x2,row);
putpixel(x2,row,color1);
putpixel(x1,row,color2);
x1++;
x2--;
}
}
}
void start_up()
{
setfillstyle(1,CYAN);
floodfill(200, 200, 1);
setcolor(15);
line(0, 0, 639, 0);
line(0, 0+1, 639-1, 0+1);
line(0, 0, 0, 479-1);
line(0+1, 0, 0+1, 479-2);
setcolor(8);
line(639, 0+1, 639, 479);
line(639-1, 0+2, 639-1, 479-1);
line(639, 479, 0, 479);
line(639, 479-1, 0+1, 479-1);
setcolor(WHITE);
rectangle(MIN_X, MIN_Y, MAX_X, MAX_Y);
setfillstyle(1, WHITE);
floodfill(300, 300, WHITE);
setcolor(8);
line(MIN_X, MIN_Y, MAX_X, MIN_Y);
line(MIN_X, MIN_Y+1, MAX_X-1, MIN_Y+1);

line(MIN_X, MIN_Y, MIN_X, MAX_Y-1);
line(MIN_X+1, MIN_Y, MIN_X+1, MAX_Y-2);
setcolor(8);
line(MAX_X, MIN_Y+1, MAX_X, MAX_Y);
line(MAX_X-1, MIN_Y+2, MAX_X-1, MAX_Y-1);
line(MAX_X, MAX_Y, MIN_X, MAX_Y);
line(MAX_X, MAX_Y-1, MIN_X+1, MAX_Y-1);
}
void showeditmenu(int x1,int y1,int xwidth,int ywidth,int xtemp,int ytemp)
{
int area,button,x,y;
int fileflag=0;
int tempx=0;
int tempy=0;
char* buff1;
hidemouseptr();
area=imagesize(x1,y1+ywidth,x1+xwidth,y1+ywidth);
buff1=(char*)malloc(area);
getimage(x1,y1+ywidth,x1+xwidth,y1+ywidth*5,buff1);
setfillstyle(1,3);
bar(x1,y1+ywidth,x1+xwidth,y1+ywidth*5);
setcolor(RED);
rectangle(x1,y1+ywidth,x1+xwidth,y1+ywidth*5);
rectangle(x1,y1+ywidth,x1+xwidth,y1+2*ywidth);
outtextxy(x1+25,y1+ywidth+5,"cut");
rectangle(x1,y1+ywidth*2,x1+xwidth,y1+3*ywidth);
outtextxy(x1+25,y1+ywidth*2+5,"copy");
outtextxy(x1+25,y1+ywidth*3+5,"paste");
outtextxy(x1+25,y1+ywidth*4+5,"clear");

showmouseptr();
getmousepos(&button,&x,&y);
while(!(button==1 && (x!=xtemp || y!=ytemp)))
{
if(x>x1 && x<x1+xwidth && y>y1+ywidth && y<y1+5*ywidth )
{
if(y<y1+2*ywidth)
{
if(fileflag!=1)
{
ShowStatus("warning: do not cut large areas");
highlight(x1,y1+fileflag*ywidth,x1+xwidth,y1+(fileflag+1)*ywidth,BLUE,CYAN);
highlight(x1,y1+ywidth,x1+xwidth,y1+2*ywidth,CYAN,BLUE);
fileflag=1;
}
}
else if(y<y1+3*ywidth)
{
if(fileflag!=2)
{
ShowStatus("warning: do not copy large areas");
highlight(x1,y1+2*ywidth,x1+xwidth,y1+3*ywidth,CYAN,BLUE);
fileflag=2;
}
}
{
if(fileflag!=3)
{

ShowStatus("paste the cut/copied part of the image");
fileflag=3;
}
}
{
if(fileflag!=4)
{
ShowStatus("clear the canvas");
fileflag=4;
}
}
}
}hidemouseptr();
putimage(x1,y1+ywidth,buff1,COPY_PUT);
showmouseptr();
ShowStatus(" ");
if(!(x<x1||y<y1+ywidth||x>x1+xwidth||y>y1+ywidth*5))
{
switch(fileflag)
{
case 1:
cut();//call cut function
break;
case 2:
copy();//call copy function
break;

case 3:
callpaste();//call paste function
break;
case 4:
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,WHITE);
hidemouseptr();
bar(MIN_X,MIN_Y,MAX_X,MAX_Y); //call clear function
showmouseptr();
break;
}
showmouseptr();
}
free(buff1);
}
void showfilemenu(int x1,int y1,int xwidth,int ywidth,int xtemp,int ytemp)
{
int fileflag=0;
int tempx=0;
int tempy=0;
char* buff1;
hidemouseptr();
setfillstyle(1,3);
setcolor(RED);
outtextxy(x1+25,y1+ywidth+5,"New");

outtextxy(x1+25,y1+ywidth*2+5,"Open");
outtextxy(x1+25,y1+ywidth*3+5,"Save");
outtextxy(x1+25,y1+ywidth*4+5,"Quit");
showmouseptr();
{
{
if(y<y1+2*ywidth)
{
if(fileflag!=1)
{
fileflag=1;
}
}
{
if(fileflag!=2)
{
fileflag=2;
}
}

{
if(fileflag!=3)
{
fileflag=3;
}
}
{
if(fileflag!=4)
{
fileflag=4;
}
}
}
}
hidemouseptr();
showmouseptr();
{
switch(fileflag)
{
case 1:
new_file();
break;
case 2:

load();
break;
case 3:
save();
break;
case 4:
quit();
break;
}
}
free(buff1);
}
void showformatmenu(int x1,int y1,int xwidth,int ywidth,int xtemp,int ytemp)
{
int fileflag=0;
int tempx=0;
int tempy=0;
char* buff1;
hidemouseptr();
area=imagesize(x1,y1+ywidth,x1+xwidth*3,y1+ywidth);
setfillstyle(1,3);
setcolor(RED);
outtextxy(x1+5,y1+ywidth+5,"Flip(hor)");
outtextxy(x1+5,y1+ywidth*2+5,"Flip(ver)");

showmouseptr();
{
{
if(y<y1+2*ywidth)
{
if(fileflag!=1)
{
fileflag=1;
}
}
{
if(fileflag!=2)
{
fileflag=2;
}
}
}
}
hidemouseptr();
showmouseptr();

{
delay(1000);
hidemouseptr();
switch(fileflag)
{
case 1:
mirror();
break;
case 2:
flip();
break;
}
showmouseptr();
}
free(buff1);
}
void showhelpmenu(int x1,int y1,int xwidth,int ywidth,int xtemp,int ytemp)
{
int fileflag=0;
int tempx=0;
int tempy=0;
char* buff1;
hidemouseptr();
setfillstyle(1,3);
setcolor(RED);

outtextxy(x1+2,y1+ywidth+5,"About");
outtextxy(x1+1,y1+ywidth*2+5,"Topics");
showmouseptr();
{
{
if(y<y1+2*ywidth)
{
if(fileflag!=1)
{
fileflag=1;
}
}
{
if(fileflag!=2)
{
fileflag=2;
}
}
}
}

hidemouseptr();
showmouseptr();
{
switch(fileflag)
{
case 1:
about();
break;
case 2:
topic();
break;
}
}
free(buff1);
}
void quit()
{
setcolor(RED);
end_about();
exit(0);
}
void topic()
{
int i,j;
int x1,y1,x2,y2;
int area=imagesize(x1,y1,x2,y2);
char*buffer=(char*)malloc(area);
hidemouseptr();

x1=(MAX_X+MIN_X)/2-100;
y1=(MIN_Y+MAX_Y)/2-38;
x2=(MAX_X+MIN_X)/2+100;
y2=(MIN_Y+MAX_Y)/2+38;
getimage(x1,y1,x2,y2,buffer);
ShowStatus("press any key to continue");
for(i=x1;i<x2;i++)
for(j=y1;j<y2;j++)
{
if(i>x1+10 && i<x2-10 && j>y1+4 && j<y2-6)
putpixel(i,j,GREEN);
else
putpixel(i,j,BLUE);
}
outtextxy(x1+26,y1+7,"Look at the bottom ");
outtextxy(x1+15,y1+20,"left corner for tips. ");
outtextxy(x1+13,y1+33,"For further help ,read ");
outtextxy(x1+12,y1+46,"the manual,a chm file ");
outtextxy(x1+12,y1+59,"given with this editor");
getch();
putimage(x1,y1,buffer,COPY_PUT);
showmouseptr();
free(buffer);
}
void about()
{
int i,j;
int x1,y1,x2,y2;
int area=imagesize(x1,y1,x2,y2);
char*buffer=(char*)malloc(area);
hidemouseptr();

x1=(MAX_X+MIN_X)/2-100;
x2=(MAX_X+MIN_X)/2+100;
getimage(x1,y1,x2,y2,buffer);
ShowStatus("press any key to continue");
for(i=x1;i<x2;i++)
for(j=y1;j<y2;j++)
{
if(i>x1+8 && i<x2-8 && j>y1+3 && j<y2-8)
else
putpixel(i,j,BLUE);
}
outtextxy(x1+12,y1+7,"Coded and Developed by");
outtextxy(x1+30,y1+20,"Awadh kishor singh");
outtextxy(x1+13,y1+33,"");
outtextxy(x1+13,y1+46,"3rd yr IT Engg");
getch();
putimage(x1,y1,buffer,COPY_PUT);
showmouseptr();
free(buffer);
}
void end_about()
{
int i,j;
int x1,y1,x2,y2;
hidemouseptr();
x1=(MAX_X+MIN_X)/2-100;

x2=(MAX_X+MIN_X)/2+100;
ShowStatus("press any key to exit");
for(i=x1;i<x2;i++)
for(j=y1;j<y2;j++)
{
if(i>x1+8 && i<x2-8 && j>y1+3 && j<y2-8)
else
putpixel(i,j,BLUE);
}
outtextxy(x1+12,y1+7,"Coded and Developed by");
outtextxy(x1+30,y1+20,"Awadh kishor singh");
outtextxy(x1+13,y1+46,"3rd yr it Engg");
getch();
showmouseptr();
}
void create_box(int l,int t,int r,int b,int c,int c1,int c2)
{
int fc=CYAN;
setfillstyle(1,c);
setlinestyle(0,1,0);
setcolor(0);
bar(l,t,r,b);
setcolor(c1);
line(l,t,l,b);
line(l,t,r,t);
setcolor(c2);
line(r,t,r,b);

line(l,b,r,b);
setcolor(fc);
}
void new_file()
{ char ch=getch();
if(marked) unmark();
hidemouseptr();
if(!saved)
{
ShowStatus("Save Changes ? ");
if(ch=='y'||ch=='Y')
save();
}
strcpy(FileName,"Untitled");
disp_filename();
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,WHITE);
bar(MIN_X+2,MIN_Y+2,MAX_X-2,MAX_Y-2);
draw_button_border(Current_Button);
undraw_button_border(Prev_Button);
Current_Button=Prev_Button;
setfillstyle(Current_Pattern,Current_Color);
showmouseptr();
}
void save()
{
char* name;
FILE* out;
char ch;
int row,col;
int byte;
hidemouseptr();

if(strcmp(FileName,"Untitled")==0)
{
name=readline("Save File As : ");
if(name==NULL) return;
}
else
{ name=(char*)malloc(strlen(FileName)+1);
strcpy(name,FileName);
}
out=fopen(name,"w");
if(out==NULL)
{
ShowStatus(" Error Opening File !");
delay(1000);
ClearStatus();
return;
}
ShowStatus(" Saving File (Please Wait) ");
for(row=MIN_Y+2;row<=MAX_Y-2;++row)
{
for(col=MIN_X+2;col<=MAX_X-2;)
{
byte=getpixel(col,row);
byte=byte<<4;
col++;
byte+=getpixel(col,row);
col++;
if(fputc(byte,out)==EOF)
{
ShowStatus("Error Writing FIle ! ");
delay(1000);

ClearStatus();
free(name);
fclose(out);
}
}
}
ClearStatus();
strcpy(FileName,name);
disp_filename();
free(name);
fclose(out);
saved=1;
showmouseptr();
}
void load()
{
FILE* in;
char* name;
char ch;
int byte;
int row,col;
int temp;
if(!saved)
{
ShowStatus(" Save Current File ? ");
ch=getch();
if(ch=='y'||ch=='Y')
{
save();
}
}

name=readline(" Enter File To Load : ");
if(name==NULL)
return;
in=fopen(name,"r");
if(fopen==NULL)
{
ShowStatus(" Error Opening File ");
delay(1000);
ClearStatus();
return;
}
byte=fgetc(in);
for(row=MIN_Y+2;row<=MAX_Y-2;row++)
{
for(col=MIN_X+2;col<=MAX_X-2;)
{
temp=(byte&0xf0)>>4;
putpixel(col,row,temp);
col++;
temp=(byte&0x0f);
putpixel(col,row,temp);
col++;
byte=fgetc(in);
if(byte==EOF)
{
return;
}
}
}
strcpy(FileName,name);
disp_filename();

free(name);
fclose(in);
saved=1;
}
int main()
{
int g=DETECT,i,j,m,closeflag=0,tempx=0,tempy=0;
initgraph(&g,&m,"c:tcbgi");
if(graphresult())
{
printf("n Couldn't initialise graphics.... we tried our level bestn");
exit(1);
}
if(initmouse()==0)
{
printf("n We tried hard but couldn't initialise mousen");
exit(1);
}
start_up();
init();
disp_filename();
showmouseptr();
while(1)
{
getxy();
disp_coord();
if(x>617 && x<629 && y>6 && y<17 )
{
if(closeflag!=1)
{

hidemouseptr();
for(i=618;i<629;i++)
for(j=7;j<=16;j++)
if(getpixel(i,j)!=WHITE)
putpixel(i,j,6);
showmouseptr();
closeflag=1;
}
}
else if(closeflag==1)
{
hidemouseptr();
for(i=618;i<629;i++)
for(j=7;j<=16;j++)
if(getpixel(i,j)!=WHITE)
putpixel(i,j,BLUE);
showmouseptr();
closeflag=0;
}
if(button==1)
{
int fll=0;
if(check_if_button_pressed());
if(x>617 && x<629 && y>6 && y<17)
quit();
if(x>88&&y>17&&x<88+80&&y<37)
{
showfilemenu(88,17,80,20,x,y);
fll=1;
}
else if(x>88+82&&y>17&&x<88+2*80&&y<37)

{
showeditmenu(88+82,17,80,20,x,y);
fll=1;
}
else if(x>88+82*2&&y>17&&x<88+3*80&&y<37)
{
showformatmenu(88+2*82+2,17,80,20,x,y);
fll=1;
}
else if(x>88+3*82&&y>17&&x<88+4*80&&y<37)
{
showhelpmenu(88+3*82+3,17,80,20,x,y);
fll=1;
}
if(fll==1)
undraw_button_border(Current_Button);
else if(check_if_color())
{
ClearStatus();
}
else if(check_mouse_on(MIN_X+2,MIN_Y+2,MAX_X-2,MAX_Y-2))
{
ClearStatus();
saved=0; //file has been altered;
if(fll!=1)
Diagram();
}
else check_if_exit();
}
else check_if_button_pressed();
tempx=x;

tempy=y;
}
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
Output:

Computer graphics practical(jainam)

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