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1. Babylonia
MARJUN ANTHONETTE P. ILAGAN
GROUP 1
GRADE 7 - DESCARTES

2. BABYLONIA
The Babylonian
Empire lasted
from the 18th
century BC to the
6th century BC
Known originally
as Sumer and
later as Sumer
and Akkad
It lies between the
Tigris and Euphrates
rivers, south of
modern Baghdâd,
Iraq.
There were between 10-
15 cities with
approximately 10,00 to
50,000 inhabitants (no
one really knows if its
real)

4. Babylonian Legacy

5. The first Babylonian
empire is best known
for the Law Code of
King Hammurabi,
circa 1750 BC,
purportedly handed
down by the god
Shamah.
The New Empire of
Babylon was noted
especially for its wealth
and grandeur.This was
reported in Old
Testament accounts from
the period of the Hebrew
Babylonian Captivity and
by the Greek historian
Herodotus who visited
the city.
The most impressive
features of the city were
its walls, the Ishtar Gate,
the ziggurat and temple
to Marduk, the
ProcessionalWay, and
the Hanging Gardens.

6. Hammurabi

7. Hammurabi Code

8. If a man’s wife has the finger
pointed at her on account of
another, but has not been caught
lying with him, for her husband’s
sake, she shall plunge into the
sacred river.
If a man has struck a free woman
with child, and has caused her to
miscarry, he shall pay ten shekels
for her miscarriage. If that woman
dies, his daughter shall be killed.
If it be the daughter of a plebeian
that has miscarried through his
blows, he shall pay five shekels of
silver. If that woman dies, he shall
pay half a mina of silver.
If the surgeon has treated a serious
injury of a plebeian’s slave, with the
bronze lancet, and has caused his
death, he shall render slave for
slave.
If a son has struck
his father, his hands
shall be cut off.

9. If the surgeon has treated a
serious injury of a plebeian’s
slave, with the bronze lancet,
and has caused his death, he
shall render slave for slave.
If a slave has said to his master,
“You are not my master,” he
shall be brought to account as
his slave, and his master shall
cut off his ear.
If a man, after his father’s
death, has lain in the bosom of
his mother, they shall both of
them be burnt together.

10. Religion

11. Polytheistic
The Babylonians believe in
many Gods.
Several religious cults through
out the city with their own
ways of worship, fought often.
Marduk is the supreme God
and God of the city of Babylon
Architecture (Temples,
ziggurats, gates) and art were
dedicated to their Gods.

12. Religious Practices
Giving offerings of food
and artifacts. Human
sacrifices were possible as
well
Practices of healing magic,
magic charms and
divination.
People or families had
individual gods for personal
prayer.They could leave
their god and worship[ a
new one if they had bad
luck with their last god.

13. Gods and Goddesses
Marduk
• King of Gods
• God of the rising sun
Ea
• God of wisdom
Shamash
• God of justice
• Sun God
Ishtar
• God of love
• God of war
Tiamat
• Dragon goddess
• Slain by Marduk
• Corpse made into the Earth
Nabu
•Son of Marduk

14. Government

15. Government
The main form of
government was a
monarchy with
one king.
The king used
governors to
maintain order and
control over
different provinces
of the empire.
An effective tool used by
the government was
Hammurabi's Code, the
first uniform code of laws
which, reinforced class
distinction.
Patriarchy
authority was
enforced by the
code but women
still had laws to
protect them

16. SOCIETY

17. •King
•Nobles
Awilu, a free
person of
the
upperclass.
•Free Men
•Military personnel
and civil servants
Mushkenu, a
free person of
low estate.
•Debt SlavesWardu, or slave

18. FamilyandTribe
The basic units of
their society.
Basis of an individual’s
class and station.

19. On
marriage…
Babylonian marriages
we’re arranged by
parents.The ceremony
was concluded with a
contract inscribed on a
tablet.
A Legal
contract.
On
women…
A Babylonian
women could hold
property, engage in
business and qualify
as witness.
On
children…
In the normal course of
events, children were loved
and at the death of their
parents, inherited their
property.Though in some
cases they could be sold
into slavery.
Adopted
children were
not uncommon.

20. Economic Life and Trade
Relations

21. Babylon was a very prosperous city
and empire
Babylon traded surplus' of food and
manufactured goods such as furniture
and pottery
In return they received goods from
around the ancient world:
• From the south they received cotton.
• They imported wood from Persia and India in
the east.
• Babylon traded for wood from Syria in the north.
• They imported minerals such as gold, copper,
and stone from Egypt, Sinai, andYemen in the
west.
Babylonian Economy was based on
Agriculture.
They raised cattle and sheep.

22. Relationship to surrounding people
The Babylonians adopted the Akkadian
language for their official use, and the Sumerian
language for religious purposes.
Babylonians also traded with Anatolia,
Syria, and Palestine.
Hammurabi, united many of the surrounding
civilizations under Babylonian rule, including the
Assyrians, the Akkadians, and the Sumerians.

23. EDUCATION

24. Babylonian education
starts at the age of
eight.
Education is
exclusive for children
of wealthy families.
They were taught in
so called “tablet
house”.
There they were trained
to exercise knowledge
over scripts, cuneiform
and language.
If a student
passes final
examination
s he/she will
become a
scribe.

25. Major Achievements and
Facts

26. The most famous
innovation of
ancient
Babylonian
culture was
astronomy, which
began as a study
of astrology
Created calendar
which perfectly
predicted eclipses
Sexagesimal
system for the
calculation of
time and angles,
which is still
practical because
of the multiple
divisibility of the
number 60
Cuneiform on clay tablets
revealed their knowledge
of science, math, and
literature.That Babylonians
recorded on these tablets
songs, prayers, and poems
along with history and
laws. The Babylonians
performed
complicated
surgeries and had
extensive
knowledge on
medicine.They
even did
operations of
eyes

27. The Babylon’s used
cuneiform. However,
they used more than
350 signs in their
writing.
The literature of
Babylon was very rich.
They wrote around
2000 books.They
composed books on
religion, science,
mathematics, and
astrology.
• One of the books of the
Babylonians which was
known to the world was
“The epic of Gilgamesh”
Code of Hammurabi
The use of sun dial and water clock
to know the time.
The Babylonians also excelled in the
field of science. Like the Sumerians,
they adopted the Lunar Calendar.They
divided one year into 12 months and
each month was divided into 30 days.
The Great Ziggurat which was built by
Hammurabi in honor of Marduk.
Varieties of Seals

28. Architecture

29. Though the city of Babylon stands today, it is in ruins
compared to what it used to be.
• The most impressive parts of the city that stand today are the various
temples and ziggurats, the multiple gates, most notibly the rebuilt Gate
of Ishtar, the Processional Road, the largest and only paved road in the
city, and the kings palace.
The more famous examples of the city's architecture are
the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and theTower of Babel,
but neither stand today and many debate their existence.

30. Art

31. Most art were terra-
cotta or stone carvings
of gods, kings and
animals.
Their most notable
contribution is the use
of polychrome glazed
bricks, which gave the
bricks a shiny
blue coating and
protected them from
damage for 1,000's of
years.

32. Archaeology in Babylonia

33. Archaeology
in Babylonia
Much of the western part
of Babylon is under water
because the Euphrates River
has changed it's course over
time, so excavation of much
of the city is difficult to do.
Some prominent
sites found in
Babylon include:
Kasr (Castle/Palace): the
burial place of
Nebuchadnezzar
Amran Ibn Ali: the site of
a temple of Marduk, also
called Esagila, which
contained shrines to the
deities Nabu and Ea.
Babil: site for a palace of
Nebuchadnezzar's
Archaeology in Babylon and
other parts of Babylonia are still
being excavated today but much
of what we know aboutAncient
Babylonia is from archaeology,
such as the layout of their cities,
their knowledge of math, and
the natural disasters that
occurred.

34. Source
 file:///C:/Users/Marjun/Downloads/ancientbabylon-1-100308083255-phpapp01.pdf
 Lendering, Jona. "Babylonian Empire". Livius: Articles on Ancient History. 02/24/2010
http://www.livius.org/babd/babylon/babylonian_empire.html.
 Gappa, Andrew. "Babylonia". Emuseum. 02/24/2010 http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/oldworld/middle_east/
 babylonians.html.
 Babylonian Empire." Livius.Articles on Ancient History.Web. 05 Mar. 2010.
 http://www.livius.org/babd/babylon/babylonian_empire.html.
 "Hammurabi's Code." Center for History and New Media. Web. 05 Mar. 2010.
 http://chnm.gmu.edu/worldhistorysources/d/267/whn.html.
 HistoryWorld International. "A History of Babylon." Http://history-world.org. HistoryWorld International, 2004.
 Web. 6 Mar. 2010.
 Russell, Rusty. "Ancient Babylonia." Http://www.bible-history.com. Bible History Online.Web. 6 Mar. 2010.
 http://www.britannica.com/topic/polytheism
 http://www.angelfire.com/empire2/unkemptgoose/Babylonian.html
 http://www.mythicjourneys.org/bigmyth/myths/english/eng_babylonian_culture.htm
 http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/life-old-babylonia-importance-trade
 http://www.historydiscussion.net/essay/contributions-of-the-babylonian-civilization/1897
 http://history-world.org/babylonia.htm

35. END