10. Subtopic Speaker
What is the role of government in making the transition to more
sustainable societies?
Iqbal Novramadani
What is the role of environmental law in dealing with environmental
problems?
Iqbal Novramadani
How is environmental policy made? M. Zikri Arfah
What are the major roles of environmental groups? Indah Pertiwi
What are the environmental cases in indonesia? Nisa Refika
How can we implement more sustainable and just environmental
policies?
Zuhditazmi
How can we improve global environmental security? Jarot Bismo
29. • Environmental law is a body of laws and treaties that broadly
define what is acceptable environmental behavior for individuals,
groups, businesses, and nations.
• One way in which environmental law has evolved is through court
cases involving lawsuits, most of which are civil suits brought to
settle disputes or damages between one party and another.
• Cases: Civil suits, class action suits, negligence
31. 1. Plaintiffs bringing the suit must establish that they have the legal right,
or legal standing, to do so in a particular court.
2. Bringing any lawsuit costs too much for most individuals.
3. Public interest law firms cannot recover their attorneys’ fees unless
Congress has specifically authorized that they be compensated within
the laws that they seek to have enforced.
4. To stop a nuisance or to collect damages from a nuisance or an act of
negligence, plaintiffs must establish that they have been harmed in
some significant way and that the defendant caused the harm.
5. Most states have statues of limitations, laws that limit how long a
plaintiff can take to sue after a particular event occurs.
6. Courts can take years to reach a decision.
32. Conclusions
What is the role of government in making the transition to more
sustainable societies?
Through its policies, a government can help to protect environmental and
public interests, and to encourage more environmentally sustainable
economic development.
What is the role of environmental law in dealing with environmental
problems?
Policy making involves enacting laws, funding programs, writing rules, and
enforcing those rules with government oversight—a complex process that
is affected at each stage by political processes.
Individuals can work together to become part of political processes that
influence how environmental policies are made and whether or not they
succeed. (Individuals matter.)
33. Conclusions
How is environmental policy made?
We can use environmental laws and regulations to help control pollution,
set safety standards, encourage resource conservation, and protect
species and ecosystems.
What are the major roles of environmental groups?
Grassroots groups are growing and combining their efforts with those of
large environmental organizations in a global sustainability movement.
How can we implement more sustainable and just environmental
policies?
Making the transition to more sustainable societies will require that
nations and groups within nations cooperate and make the political
commitment to achieve this transition.
How can we improve global environmental security?
Environmental security is necessary for economic security and is at least
as important as national security.
Notas do Editor
What is the major difference that you can see directly? Which one do you choose to live in?
Human needs job and income/profit to sustain.
Enterprise and People make problems, Government solve the problem, for the absolute goal: living sustainably.
Where is your position? And where will be your position?
Do you notice something forgotten?
National Power scores are the product of an index combining the weighted factors of GDP, defense spending, population, and technology. Scores are calculated by the International Futures computer model and are expressed as a state’s relative share (percentage) of all global power.
The forecast of these values is hosted by the Google Public Data Explorer.[1] Graphs for any country and some regional groupings can be produced to 2060 for the International Futures Base Case or scenarios produced for the United Nations Environment Programme Global Environmental Outlook 4.
In simple terms, Easton's behavioral approach to politics, proposed that a political system could be seen as a delimited (i.e. all political systems have precise boundaries) and fluid (changing) system of steps in decision making. Greatly simplifying his model:[1]
Step 1. changes in the social or physical environment surrounding a political system produce "demands" and "supports" for action or the status quo directed as "inputs" towards the political system, through political behavior.
Step 2, these demands and supporting groups stimulate competition in a political system, leading to decisions or "outputs" directed at some aspect of the surrounding social or physical environment.
Step 3, after a decision or output is made (e.g., a specific policy), it interacts with its environment, and if it produces change in the environment, there are "outcomes."
Step 4, when a new policy interacts with its environment, outcomes may generate new demands or supports and groups in support or against the policy ("feedback") or a new policy on some related matter.
Step 5, feedback, leads back to Step 1, forming a never-ending cycle.
If the system functions as described, then we have a "stable political system". If the system breaks down, then we have a "dysfunctional political system".
In this discussion, we look at how politics can have harmful and beneficial effects on the environment. We examine how politics and environmental science interact. And we consider how any and all of us can make a difference by becoming involved in these processes.
The roles played by a government are determined by its policies—the set of laws and regulations it enacts and enforces, and the programs it funds
Politics is the process by which individuals and groups try to influence or control the policies and actions of governments at local, state, national, and international levels.
Imagine that policy as a goods, then politics is the price of it.
One important application of this process is the development of environmental policy—environmental laws and regulations that are designed, implemented, and enforced, and environmental programs that are funded by one or more government agencies.
Direct policy on environmental preservation
Indirect policy on taxes to hinder “dirty industry”, policy on education to educate society, policy on trades (export-import), policy on traffic use (public mass transit, bike to work or school), etc.
36 Acts,
17 bidang peraturan, 74 UU, dengan 6 bidang peraturan tidak ada UU-nya.
So actually, the government will do a lot more roles to support the role of making policy. Watcher, punisher, etc.
The policy process is usually cyclical, because in the fourth stage, control, a policy is evaluated according to feedback from the market or environment. Seldom is everyone happy with a policy, and usually, adjustments have to be made or a policy might even have to be abandoned, and the process starts again. Ideally, policies are revised and fine-tuned until they succeed in serving all or most of the affected parties in a reasonably balanced way. The most difficult problem is getting a policy to the control phase.
Democracy is government by the people through elected officials and representatives.
The design for stability and gradual change in democracies is highly desirable. But several features of democratic governments hinder their ability to deal with environmental problems. For example, problems such as climate change and biodiversity loss are complex and difficult to understand. Such problems also have long-lasting effects, are interrelated, and require integrated, long-term solutions that emphasize prevention.
But because local, state, and national elections are held as often as every 2 years, most politicians spend much of their time seeking reelection and tend to focus on short-term, isolated issues rather than on long-term, complex, and time-consuming problems.
The law is important for a society for it serves as a norm of conduct for citizens.
A policy outlines what a government ministry hopes to achieve and the methods and principles it will use to achieve them. It states the goals of the ministry. A policy document is not a law but it will often identify new laws needed to achieve its goals.
Laws set out standards, procedures and principles that must be followed. If a law is not followed, those responsible for breaking them can be prosecuted in court.
Example: policy: student have to understand the whole lesson
Law: student who skip class for more than 20% can’t attend exam