De slideshow die door Richard Wilkinson gebruikt werd tijdens het Visie '09 congres, waar hij zijn nieuwe boek 'The Spirit Level' heeft voorgesteld.

1. Richard Wilkinson Emeritus Professor of Social Epidemiology University of Nottingham & Kate Pickett Senior Lecturer in Epidemiology University of York http://www.equalitytrust.org.uk

2. Health is related to income differences within rich societies but not to those between them Within societies Between (rich) societies Source: Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level (2009) Gezondheid hangt samen met inkomensverschillen binnen rijke samenlevingen maar niet met inkomensverschillen tussen rijke samenlevingen Tussen (rijke) samenlevingen Binnen samenlevingen Most deprived www.equalitytrust.org.uk

3. Income per head and life-expectancy: rich and poor countries Source: Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level (2009) Inkomen per hoofd en levensverwachting: in rijke en arme landen www.equalitytrust.org.uk

4. How much richer are the richest 20% than the poorest 20%? Source: Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level (2009) Hoeveel rijker zijn de rijkste 20% dan de armste 20%? www.equalitytrust.org.uk

8. Child Well-being is Better in More Equal Rich Countries Source: Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level (2009) Welzijn van kinderen is groter in meer gelijke (rijke) landen www.equalitytrust.org.uk

9. Child-Wellbeing is Unrelated to Average Incomes in Rich Countries Source: Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level (2009) Welzijn van kinderen is niet gerelateerd aan gemiddelde inkomens in rijke landen www.equalitytrust.org.uk

11. Levels of Trust are Higher in More Equal Rich Countries Source: Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level (2009) Vertrouwen is groter in meer gelijke (rijke) landen

12. The Prevalence of Mental Illness is Higher in More Unequal Rich Countries Het voorkomen van psychische ziekten is groter in meer ongelijke (rijke) landen www.equalitytrust.org.uk

13. Source: Daly M, Wilson M, Vasdev S. Income inequality and homicide rates in Canada and the United States. Canadian Journal of Criminology 2001; 43: 219-36.

14. Teenage Birth Rates are Higher in More Unequal Rich Countries Meer tienerzwangerschappen in meer ongelijke (rijke) landen www.equalitytrust.org.uk

15. Drug Use is More Common in More Unequal Countries Source: Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level (2009) Index of use of: opiates, cocaine, cannabis, ecstasy, amphetamines Druggebruik komt meer voor in meer ongelijke landen www.equalitytrust.org.uk

16. Rates of Imprisonment are Higher in More Unequal Countries Meer gevangenen in meer ongelijke landen www.equalitytrust.org.uk

18. Source: Leon DA, Vagero D, Olausson PO. BMJ 1992; 305; 687-91 Infant Mortality rate

19. Source: Willms JD. 1997. Data from OECD Programme for International Student Assessment. Literacy Scores of 16-25 year olds by Parents' Education -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Parents' Education (years) Literacy score Sweden Canada United States

21. Single parents and child wellbeing Alleenstaande ouders en kinderwelzijn

22. Why are we so sensitive to inequality? Waarom zijn we zo gevoelig voor ongelijkheid?

23. What kind of stress most reliably raises cortisol levels? Welk soort van stress doet het niveau van cortisol (stresshormoon) verhogen? A meta-analysis of 208 laboratory studies of cortisol responses to acute stressors found that “Tasks that included social-evaluative threat (such as threats to self-esteem or social status), in which others could negatively judge performance, particularly when the outcome of the performance was uncontrollable, provoked larger and more reliable cortisol changes than stressors without these particular threats.” Uit een meta-analyse van 208 laboratorische studies van cortisol (stresshormoon) reacties op acute stressverwekkers blijkt dat taken met een sociaal-evaluatieve bedreiging (zoals bedreigingen van het zelfvertrouwen en sociale status), waarin anderen negatief konden beoordelen, ontlokken grotere en meer betrouwbare cortisol veranderingen dan stressverwekkers zonder deze bedreigingen.

24. What kind of stress most reliably raises cortisol levels? Welk soort van stress doet het niveau van cortisol (stresshormoon) verhogen? "Humans are driven to preserve the social self and are vigilant to threats that may jeopardize their social esteem or status.” “ Mensen zijn gedreven om het sociale zelf te bewaren en zijn op hun hoede voor bedreigingen die hun sociaal vertrouwen of status in gevaar brengen.”

25. Gilligan J. Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and its Causes. (G .P. Putnam 1996) " ...the prison inmates I work with have told me repeatedly, when I asked them why they had assaulted someone, that it was because 'he disrespected me', or 'he disrespected my visit' (meaning 'visitor'). The word 'disrespect' is central in the vocabulary, moral value system, and psychodynamics of these chronically violent men that they have abbreviated it into the slang term, 'he dis'ed me." p.106 A few pages further on Gilligan continues:- "I have yet to see a serious act of violence that was not provoked by the experience of feeling shamed and humiliated, disrespected and ridiculed, and that did not represent the attempt to prevent or undo this "loss of face " - no matter how severe the punishment, even if it includes death." p.110