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PPt Ancient China Architecture by Zhuo Yanbin
- 1. A Brief introduction of Ancient Chinese Architecture Yanbin ZHUO 22th Jan
- 2. • Timeline • Architects • Basic Features • Cases Royal Palace of Tang Dynasty(ruined)
- 3. Shang-Yin ca.1766—ca.1122BC Chou ca.1122—221BC Qin 221—207BC Han 206BC—220AD Six Dynasties Ca.220—581AD Sui 581—618AD Tang 618—907AD Song 960—1279AD Yuan 1279—1368AD Ming 1368—1644AD Ch’ing 1644—1912AD 1912—now Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 907—960AD • Time line
- 4. Shang-Yin ca.1766—ca.1122BC Chou ca.1122—221BC Qin 221—207BC Han 206BC—220AD Six Dynasties Ca.220—581AD Sui 581—618AD Tang 618—907AD Song 960—1279AD Yuan 1279—1368AD Ming 1368—1644AD Ch’ing 1644—1912AD 1912—now Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 907—960AD • Time line
- 6. 1 Li Jie, Song Dynasty, “Yingzao Fashi”( methods of construction) 2 Ch’ing Dynasty, “Gongcheng Zuofa Zeli”(regulations for building practice) 1 2 1 Liang Sicheng(1901-1972) Main hall of Fouguang Temple
- 7. “屋顶”（Wu’ding） “Roofs”： the Fifth Facade
- 8. Double eave-gable-hip roof) 重檐歇山顶 Main ridge Double eaveSlope Gable
- 9. 重檐 (Double eave roof) 庑殿顶(hip roof) 歇山顶(gable and hip roof) 卷棚(round ridge roof) 硬山(flush gable roof) 悬山(overhanging gable roof)
- 10. 庑殿顶(hip roof) 歇山顶(gable and hip roof)
- 11. 攒尖(pyramidal roof) 圆攒尖(round pavilion roof) 祈年殿(Hall of Qinian)
- 13. At corner, on top of columns, between columns
- 14. Bracket set • Connect columns and roof, load transfer • Extend the eaves • Decoration • A structure resist the force of earthquake Arch
- 15. Pavilion models inside a hall of Huayan Temple (1038A.D.) Restore scriptures and Buddha statues
- 18. Structure of a hall (timber frame perspective of Foguang Temple)
- 20. Bracket --tenon
- 21. Cases
- 22. Meridian Gate Gate of Supreme Harmony Hall of Supreme Harmony
- 23. Hall of Supreme Harmony “太和殿”(1695A.D.)
- 24. Turret of Forbidden City “紫禁城角楼”(1420A.D.)
- 26. Yu Tomb， Ch’ing Dynasty “裕陵”(1752A.D.)
- 27. Zhuanlunzang Pavilion, Longxing Temple , Hebei “河北正定隆兴寺转轮藏阁”(ca 975A.D.)
- 28. Hall of Moni, Longxing Temple , Hebei “河北正定隆兴寺摩尼殿” (ca 975A.D.)
- 29. Main Hall of Fuoguang Temple, Shanxi “山西五台山佛光寺大殿”(857A.D.)
- 30. The Sakyamuni Pagoda of Fogong Temple 山西佛宫寺释迦塔(1056A.D.)
- 32. Yao Cave, Loess Plateau, North China “下沉式窑洞”
- 33. Tradition residential building of An’hui “皖南民居”
- 34. Fujian Tulou/ Rural dwelling of the Hakka in the mountainous areas in southeastern Fujian “福建土楼”
Notas do Editor
- 1 The tomb of fist king of Qing Dynasty, “Shihuang” ling, Terra Cotta Warriors 2 “Mingqi” (burial object) building models, for scholar to understand the figure of building characters during that period, befor Tang Dynasty there is no existing timber frame structure 3 so far, the oldest existing timber frame structure, hall for Fuoguang Temple, Shanxi Province 4 “Along the River During the Qingming Festival”, Zhang Zeduan, show the daily life, landscape, buildings of capital of Song Dynasty. City Gate Tower 5 Forbbiden City “taihe dian”(Hall of Supreme Harmony),Highest level building in the forbidden city 6 period in blue and periods in red
- 1 The tomb of fist king of Qing Dynasty, “Shihuang” ling, Terra Cotta Warriors 2 “Mingqi” (burial object) building models, for scholar to understand the figure of building characters during that period, befor Tang Dynasty there is no existing timber frame structure 3 so far, the oldest existing timber frame structure, hall for Fuoguang Temple, Shanxi Province 4 “Along the River During the Qingming Festival”, Zhang Zeduan, show the daily life, landscape, buildings of capital of Song Dynasty. City Gate Tower 5 Forbbiden City “taihe dian”(Hall of Supreme Harmony),Highest level building in the forbidden city 6 period in blue and periods in red
- 1 Li is known as the first Chinese ancient Architect wrote scripts of how to build a house 2 written by one dipartment of Ch’ing Dynasty Govermetn 3 written in ancient chinese, very hard to understand, 4 liang wrote a book of notations of all the words and phrases in “yingzaofashi”, survey oldest timber frame palace, cross section
- One floor not two
- Ridge,
- Roof layer, bracket layer, column and base
- Huayan temple, Building models inside a 1华严寺位于今山西省大同市西大街，是现存最重要的辽代佛教寺庙之一。华严寺始建于重熙七年（公元1038年），至保大二年（公元1122年），金兵攻陷西京（今大同）时，毁于战火，至金代重修，但保留了辽代原貌。从元代中叶以后，分上、下二寺，各开山门，自成格局。 下华严寺的主殿薄伽藏殿，是现存辽代典型建筑。“薄伽”是梵语，译为“世尊”，是佛的十大称号之一，薄伽教藏就是释伽牟尼所说的经典教藏，颇似今天的佛教图书馆。薄伽教殿建筑雄伟，面阔五间，单檐歇山顶，大殿四周依壁设置重楼式壁藏38间，至后窗处为天宫楼阁五间。两侧以拱桥相接，壁藏（即藏经的图书馆）分上下两层，上层为佛龛，下层为经厨。楼阁和壁藏的建筑形式玲珑雅致，是一组辽代木结构建筑的楷模，被著名建筑学家梁思成先生誉为“海内弧品”。
- Symmetry form
- 榫卯 tenon
- Original 1406
- 72 ridges
- Buddhism library, scripture, Song Dynasty
- 67 meters high, 7000ton, 54kinds of bracket sets 木塔的平面为正八边形，外观有五层六檐，而该五层中有四个暗层，一共九层。木塔重7000吨，矗立在夯实的黄土上。塔高为67.31米（一说65.85米），底层直径30米。塔建在4米高的石砌台基上，内外两槽立柱，构成双层套筒式结构。木塔使用的斗拱有54种，结构精密，体量宏伟，反映了中国古代木构建筑的杰出成就。
- Add effect of ventilation?