1. Towards Cleaner India: Providing clean drinking
water and proper sanitation facility to all
Team Members:- Roshan Sivanesh, Neeraj Babu,
Apurv Mittal, Anjaly T R, Manu Velayudhan
IIT, BOMBAY
WATER CARD/ नीर कार्ड - A SOLUTION TO SUPPLY -
DEMAND DISPARITY OF WATER

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT

3. • Drinking water supply and sanitation in India continue to be a serious issue,
despite never ending efforts from the govt.
• India largest consumer of Groundwater. In some parts of the nation , we are
currently extracting FOSSIL WATER(non-replenishable)
• India Rural – Urban Population having clean drinking water and sanitation, as
(in 2008)
PROBLEMSTATEMENT
96%
4%
Urban Sanitation
Has improved sanitation facility
No sanitation facility
54%46%
Urban Drinking water
Has drinking water facility
No drinking water facility
21%
79%
Rural sanitation
Has improved sanitation facility
No sanitation facility
84%
16%
Rural Drinking water
Has drinking water facility
No drinking water facility

4. • As per NRDWP data upto date, of % coverage in rural india is
90%.(approx).
• Who/what are the major culprit for this crisis?
– Lower Avg. Rainfall across the nation
– Geophysical Strata
– Poor engineering strategies
– Poor post implementation and policy strategies related to the water
sanitation projects.
– Social Apathy
• Thousands of Crores of Rs. spent on various schemes implementation, so
far in various states of India.
(It varies from about Rs.8000cr.-Rs.9000 cr. in An annual action plan)
• But has these scheme actually covered successfully the targeted
population the scheme was designed for?
90%
10%
% Coverage of population
with drinking water facility
Population Fully covered
Population Partially Covered
PROBLEMSTATEMENT
Solvable

5. PROPOSED SOLUTION

6. • NRDWP has done a great deal by covering about 90% of the complete rural
population in the nation. And also making a very transparent and detailed
database regarding the water schemes present , scaling to even the habitations
of a village.
• But the coverage claim, do not confirm the fact that all the beneficiaries has
access to safe quality of drinking water with the benchmarked quantity of
40lpcd.
• Thousands of Crores of Rs. spent every FYP for the purpose of implementing
new schemes with a new target population, but there has to be a transparent
and accountable mechanism to analyze the well being of the covered
beneficiaries.
• Thus there is a potential need to analyze the extent to which the people
are benefitted or affected by conducting questionnaire survey in all the
Households of a village and calculating a score that would be graded
against a pre-calculated benchmark, called “WATER LINE”, (just like
poverty line).
PROPOSEDSOLUTION

7. • Households scoring lower than the “WATER LINE”, are in the Below Water
line(BWL), and Households scoring higher than the “WATER LINE”, are in
the Above Water line(AWL).
• This concept should be incorporated using a “WATER CARD” / ” नीर कार्ड”
and a Water book, with unique identification number, which will be given to
each Household after data collection.
• On a larger perspective this indirectly would give a beneficiary feedback and
retrospection of the already implemented schemes.
• Depending on the criticality of the situation, better and faster rectification
methods should be followed with the community support. Households are
expected to fill their remarks in the water book on weekly basis and giving to
the GramPanchayath office for monthly updation of their water score.
• Since water and sanitation go hand in hand, solving water issue would solve
the sanitation issue by building Public toilets @ community level in a
village, with a BioGas plant input with the sewage waste, thereby producing
cooking gas. This needs campaigning and formation of Water-Sanitation
committee to ensure social participation and ownership.
PROPOSEDSOLUTION
Note:- Calc. of the water line and
respective score is included in the
annexure

8. PHOTO
Ministry of Drinking Water
& Sanitation
Government of India
भारत सरकारपेयजऱ और स्वच्छता मंत्राऱय
Name: - _______________
S/D/W of: - ______________
Reg. No.: -
20.13.03.06.09.12.0000
WATER CARD/ नीर कार्ड
Address : - ______________
______________
PROPOSEDSOLUTION

9. IMPLEMENTATION OF
SOLUTION

10. Scheme
Analysis
Scheme
Functionality
Source
Sustainability
Economical
Viability
Technical
Feasibility
Institution
Capability
Social
Participation
Beneficiary
issues
Quality
issues of
water
Number of
sources
Affordability
Drudgery
Sanitation
problems
Quantity
issues
Volunteers
Gram Panchayth
office
Analysis
1) Data collection from
beneficiaries by
questionnaire conducted by
volunteers.
2) Scheme Analysis by
Technical dept..
3) Water Card generated
4) Analysis completed for the
overall village.
5) Rectification of failed
scheme.
6) Improvement of the water
scarcity situation in the
village, then step1 1 2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
IMPLEMENTATIONOFSOLUTION
• Govt.
officials
• NGO
Volunteers
• Consulting
Volunteers

11. Pre Implementation Phase A
Guidelines and
requirements framed
and conveyed
Questionnaire prepared
for the volunteers
Training for volunteers.
Conducting surveys
with the questionnaire
Pre Implementation phase B
CAMPAIGNING in
all panchayaths
across the nation
Application form for
the WATER CARD
distributed to
volunteers.
Help desks to help fill
the application form
in the Panchayath.
Implementation Phase
Maintaining an internet
portal back ended with
a database by the
WATER CARD dept..
Generation of WATER
CARD (AWL/BWL)
along with Card
Number.
Water Book handed
over to the beneficiary
Household.
Feed Back Phase
Weekly entry of data in
the book.
Monthly Data updating,
in the GP, to observe
changes in their
situation of water
problem.
DATA ENTRY into the
Database.
Scheme Phase
Every 6months,
ANALYSIS of the
situation is done in the
village.
Firstly from the direct
visits made to the
sources as reported by
the villagers.
Secondly from the
actual reports of the
villagers.(To note the
improvement in the
situation )
Conceiving a solution
for the community.
IMPLEMENTATIONOFSOLUTION
FLOW OF EXECUTION

12. IMPLEMENTATIONOFSOLUTION
FLOW OF ORGANISATION
Asst.Senior
ProjectOfficer
Admin &
Finance Dept.
IT Dept.
Technical Dept.
Logistics Dept.
Field Volunteers
Evaluation and
monitoring dept.
SeniorProject
Officer
Admin &
Finance Dept.
IT Dept.
Technical Dept.
Logistics Dept.
Field Volunteers
Evaluation and
monitoring dept.
JuniorProject
Officer
Admin &
Finance Dept.
IT Dept.
Technical Dept.
Logistics Dept.
Field Volunteers
Evaluation and
monitoring dept.
Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation
Joint Secy
(Water).
Water Quality.
Mgt.Dept
Asst. Director
& Project
Directors
Joint Secy
(Sanitation).
Evaluation & Monitoring
Dept.
Asst. Directo &
Project
Directors
STATE LEVEL
DISTRICT & SUB-
DISCTRICT LEVEL GRAM
PANCHAYATH
LEVEL
CENTRALLEVEL

13. IMPLEMENTATIONOFSOLUTION
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION COST(@
State level)
No.of
employees
Salary
Paid/mo
nth
Avg. salary Per
annum (Rs.)
Other
Investments
Total Fund
required(Rs.)
Project Head 3 42000 1512000 0 1512000
Admin. & Finance Dept. 11 28000 3696000 10000000 13696000
IT Dept 20 22000 5280000 8000000 13280000
Technical Dept. 150 35000 63000000********** 63000000
Logistics Dept. 70 18000 15120000 200000000 215120000
Field Volunteers 5000 12000 720000000 0 720000000
Evaluation & monitoring
dept. 40 30000 14400000 8000000 22400000
Media Dept. 7 18000 1512000 15000000 16512000
Total 1065520000
Total Cost for the implementation of the
project comes upto Rs.107 crores
Note:- *******- Expenses incurred only once the project is running.

14. IMPACT OF SOLUTION

15. MERITS
• Requires well committed volunteers to conduct
questionnaires.
• Demands a genuine participation from the
villagers and the officials.
• It may take up long time to get a perfect result.
• Campaigning must take place across all the
villages in the Gram Panchayath.
• Data updating may be time consuming and
tedious.
• Algorithm for the calculation of “Water line”,
may require changes.
• Caste wise scoring has not been considered.
IMPACTSOFTHESOLUTION
CHALLENGES
• National Level Water line alleviation is done.
• Priorities set for the critically affected society of
the nation, depending on the slots/ slabs allotted.
• Provides a feedback system as it invites a
review mechanism to understand the situation of
older schemes already implemented in the
village and the reasons for criticality.
• Gram Panchayath now holds a better position to
tackle the issue technically.
• Designing a model for the best suitable situation
depending on the number of sources and also
considering the monsoon and non-monsoon
transitions.
• Improvements made can be thus easily analyzed.
• Provides a platform to conceive a new scheme.
• Central/Regional level data can be easily
integrated.
• This solution embalms the existing NRDWP
objectives.
• If the issue of water distribution is solved the
sanitation gets solved subsequently.
FUTURE SCOPE
• It can be easily associated with the AADHAR
card
• NREGS works/employment may also be
associated.
• Payments made for the scheme can be
included.

16. ANNEXURE
• http://www.mdws.gov.in/
• http://indiawater.gov.in/
References:-
ANNEXURE

17. Reg. No.: - 20.13.03.06.09.12.0000
State
No.
District
No.
Sub
District/
Taluk No. Block
No. Gram
Panchayath
No.
Village/
Hamlet
No.
House
No.
ANNEXURE

18. WATER SCORE Calculation
• Q Score
– Weighted sum of colour with corresponding quantity : Q1
Ex: -
The example shows a sample data of a Household depending on 4 sources for water. S1 means source 1.
The quantity of water taken on an avg. per day/person for the Household from the corresponding sources are
hereby:
Weighted Sum will be product of 𝑖 = 1: 𝑛 (Si_color * Si*Quantity consumed)= Q1
Here „n‟ is the number of sources, this may include both Groundwater and surface water sources.
– Weighted sum of smell with corresponding quantity : Q2
– Weighted sum of taste with corresponding quantity : Q3
Colour S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 . . . . Sn
Monsoon 2 0 1 0NA NA NA NA NA NA
Non-Monsoon 2 1 2 0NA NA NA NA NA NA
Score Remark
3 Good
2 Satisfactory
1 Poor
Quantity S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 . . . . Sn
Monsoon 4 lt. 3 lt. 2 lt. 2 lt.NA NA NA NA NA NA
Non-Monsoon 2 lt. 0 lt. 2 lt. 2 lt.NA NA NA NA NA NA
ANNEXURE

19. WATER SCORE Calculation
• D Score(Drudgery)
– Distance Score (D1)
• Greater the dist. Travelled more the score.
The example shows a sample data of a Household depending on 4 sources for water. S1 means source 1. Distance Score
can be calculated from the table depending on the distance. Here the S2(2nd source) is 18km away from the beneficiary, so
it is give score 5.
– Time Taken Score (D2)
• Greater the time taken more the score. The score are made differentially.
Example: -
– Delivery method Score (D3)
• High Score if Bucket used and there was no pipe water connection, compared to availability of pipe connection.
(i.e. delivery mode could be using mechanical or electrical energies(using motors)).
• If there is an electric pump controlled water extraction, then D3 is taken as 1 else 3, if they use bucket/pots only.
• Sanitation Facilities(SS)
• Score found out using the
table
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 . . . . Sn
Distance(Score) 2 5 1 0NA NA NA NA NA NA
Distance
Score Remark
5 >15km
4 10-15 km
3 5-10 km
2 3-5 km
1 1-2 km
0 <1 km
Time
Score Remark
5 >3hrs
4 2-3 hrs
3 1hr- 2hrs
2 30mins- 1hour
1 15-30 mins
0 <15 mints
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 . . . . Sn
Time(Score) 2 4 0 0NA NA NA NA NA NA
Sanitation Facility(SS) S score
No Toilets 5
Toilets Dysfunct(no water) 3
Toilets working 0
ANNEXURE

20. • Affordability (A)
– Depending on the ratio of the money spent for water to savings on a month basis. Deficits would incur a very high
score. If the expense is more than the savings then it is given 10 as the score.
TOTAL WATER SCORE CALCULATIONS: -
• From the earlier score tables, we calculate
the following as: -
– Total Quality-Quantity score, Q= Q1+Q2+Q3
– Total Drudgery Score, D=D1+D2+D3
Carrying out the same process for both drinking water and household water score calculation.
Total Drinking Water Score, Td= Qd-(Dd+Ad)
Total Household Water Score, Th= Qh-(Dh+Ah+SS)
Total WATER score, T= Td+Th
– If T ≥ 81, then Slot F,
– If 61 ≤ T ≤ 81 , then Slot E
– If 41 ≤ T ≤ 61, then Slot D
– If 21 ≤ T ≤ 41 , then Slot C
– If 2 ≤ T ≤ 20, then Slot B
– If T ≤ 1.9, then Slot A
Affordability Score Ratio(expense/savings)
10 >1.0
5 0.75-1.0
3 0.5-0.75
2 0.25-0.5
1 0-0.25
Water Line
Above Water Line(AWL)
Below Water Line(BWL)
ANNEXURE

21. Scheme Score
• For the officials to understand and analyze the schemes that has been existent so far
in a certain village.
• Each of the performance factors play a weighted contribution to the total score
calculation.
• Scores for each factor is actually found out using a score for a certain range of
values.
• Ex: - Weightage
Factor(*__) s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 . . . . sn
Functioning Years 2 2 4 1 2 2
Current Status 1.5 1 2 1 0 1
No. of Faults 1 5 4 5 2 4
Avg. Time taken to rectify 1 3 3 2 5 1
Post Scheme Maintaining Body 0.5 1 0 0 1 1
Social inclusion 0.5 1 1 0 0 1
Targeted Population 3 4 5 2 3 4
Population served 3 4 4 3 4 1
Color of water 1.5 2 3 1 2 1
Taste of water 1.5 1 3 1 2 1
Smell of water 1.5 2 1 3 1 2
36 41.5 33 38 33
Schemes
Performance Factors
Total Score
3*1 = 3
𝑊𝑖 ∗ 𝑆(1: 𝑛)
11
𝑖=1 n stands for the
number of schemes
in the village so far.
ANNEXURE

22. Procedure :-
• Application filled for Water Book / नीर बुक by the volunteer.
• Verified by the water authority.
• Depending on the verified matrix formulated by the water authority, the
Household is put into a certain “water slot”, depending on the water scores.
• Slots:-
– Slot A
– Slot B
– Slot C
– Slot D
– Slot E
– Slot F
• Water Card produced along with the Water Book / नीर बुक.
• Regular Entries to be made in the Water book / नीर बुक.
• Monthly updating of data to the Gram Panchayath office.
Critically affected(BWL)
Semi Critically affected(APL/ BWL)
Safe (AWL)
ANNEXURE

23. Details for calc.
• No. of sources dependent on (S#)
• Quality (Q) of corresponding sources
• Quantity(q) of corresponding sources
• Drudgery(D) Factor (based on 3 primary source they depend)
– Dist. Travelled to bring water
– Time Taken
– Delivery method
– Health Issues
– Affordability
– Social issues(Ex: -Caste issues)
• Scheme Performance(S*)(For officials)
– Functioning Years
– Current Status
– Reasons of Failure
– No. of Faults
– Avg. Time taken to rectify
– Post Scheme Maintaining Body
– Social inclusion
– Targeted Population
– Population served
ANNEXURE

24. THANK YOU