1. Protecting
the Vulnerable
Providing Social Welfare to
Informal Sector Workers

2. Social security, as a system to meet the basic needs as well as
contingencies of life in order to maintain an adequate standard of living,
is not charity but the right of all workers, because they are the
contributors towards the national income of the country.
Social security is defined as labour right because it is originated from work and is claimed out of
the income towards which the labour has contributed.
In India the term social security is generally used in its broadest sense, it may
consist of all types of measures preventive, promotional and protective as the case may be.
EXEMPLIFING SOCIAL WELFARE…

3. INDIA--An Overview
Population: 1.23 Billion
GDP: US $4.2
GDP Growth in past three years: 8.5% per annum
Area: 3,287,590 sq.km
Exports: US $100 Billion
Foreign Exchange Reserves: US $160 Billion
Total workforce: 390 Million
In organized sector:28 Million
7%
93%
India- Compositions of Workforce (In
Millions)
ORGANIZED
UNORGANIZED
64%
36%
Unorganized Sector in
India (In Millions)
Total Agricultural Worker
Non-Agricultural Worker
45%
55%
Agricultural Workers (In
Millions)
Landless Worker
Other Agricultural Workers

4. All Economic Unit
Employees Employer
Agricultural
Incorporated Unit
Unincorporated
Unit
More than 10
people engaged
Less than 10 people
engaged
Real Basis for
Taxation
Paying Lump Sum or
not paying at all
Non-Agricultural
Unpaid Family
Workers
FROM THE GRAPH, WE CAN CONCLUDE THAT
FROM THE YEAR OF (1972-2005 ) NDP OF
UNORGANISED SECTOR REMAINS ABOVE THAN
THAT OF THE ORGANISED SECTOR.
The Organised Sector And Unorganised Sector Both
Contribute Towards The Country’s NDP. Taking Graph As
The Referrence,Contribution Of Organised Sector Is
Lesser Than The Unorganised But The Case Is Not The
Same When It Comes For Availing The Facilities.

5. FUTURE POSSIBILITIES…………..
FORCING FOREIGN INVESTMENT TO USE
MORE AND MORE COUNTRY’S
AGRICULTURAL RAW MATERIAL AND
LABOUR RESOURCE.
PROVIDING BIGGER MARKET EXPOSURE
TO SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY AND
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
KEEPING IN VIEW THAT THERE IS NO
EXPLOITATION OF WORKERS AND THEY
ARE FAIRLY PAID FOR THEIR WORK
PROVIDING CAPITAL AND RAW
MATERIALS TO SMALL SCALE AND
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
PREVAILING SCENARIO
×IRREGULARITY IN AVAILABILITY OF WORK
×LESSER PAID WAGES
×LACK OF BIGGER MARKET EXPOSURE
×LACK OF CAPITAL
THRESHOLD
(the barrier)
LACK OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN
GOVERNMENT AND INFORMAL SECTOR
CORRUPTION
LACK OF INTEREST OF THE MASS

6. POPULATION
ILLITERACY
POVERTY
UNCONSCIOUSNESS (about the beneficial programmes)
HEALTH CARE
ECONOMICALLY CRRIPLED
CORRUPTION
UNORGANISED SECTOR REMAINS THE SUFFERS…………..
Poverty and High
Cost of formal land
delivery system
Informal
settlements
Insecure tenure
Fear of eviction
Lack of basic
amenities
High cost on
informal supply of
amenities
Low household
investments
Poor standard of
liing

7. Low productivity
Natural resource
degradation core of the
problem
Vulnerability
Low crop & livestock
productivity (food insecurity)
Traditional farming/livestock
practices
Limited access to technologies
services, credits, markets etc.
High risk to invest
High demand on women’s time
High fertility rate
need local institutions
repressing local interest
One sided technology
promotion
Lack of diversification and
alternate Livelihood outside
farming
Loss of soil/land productivity
Decreasing size of cultivable
land
Inadequate water harvesting
and catchments/watershed
management management
Deforestation,fuelwood crisis
Shortage of livestock feed
Limited participation of local
people
Non-compilance with
regulation
Limited opportunity to broaden
the livelihood base using NR
High climate varaition
Limited access to
food
Drought/famine
Disruption of
social and econmic
activity
Food aid
Mass migration
Government
campaign for
resettlement
outside famine area
SUFFERINGS OF TODAY…

8. Health Security
Maternity Needs
Life and Accident Security
Unemployment Security
Old Age Security
Four major strategies have been identified
by which social security can be extended to
informal sector workers and their dependants.
These strategies involve–
 Specially designed insurance schemes
 Social assistance in health, nutrition and
educational services
 Extension and reform of formal sector social
insurance
 Innovative social security schemes
 Public initiatives
SOCIAL SECURITY
National Old Age
Pension Scheme
(NOAPS)
National
Maternity Benefit
Scheme (NMBS)
Janani Suraksha
Yojana (JSY)

9. EMPLOYMENT
OPPRTUNITIES
Jawahar Rojgar
Yojana (JRY)
Sampoorna
Gram Swarozgar
Yojana (SGSY)
Jawahar Gram
Samriddhi
Yojana (JGSY)
Employment
Assurance
Scheme (EAS)
Pradhan Mantri
Gram Sadak
Yoajna (PMGSY)
FOOD SECURITY
Public
Distribution
System (PDS)
Targeted Public
Distribution
System (TPDS)
Mid-Day Meal
Scheme (MDMS)
Food for Work
Programme
(FFW)
Informal sector in India requires huge
infrastructural and institutional
arrangements involving financial
implications beyond the capacity of the
Government in the changing scenario all
over the world.

10. Krishi Shramik Samajik Suraksha
Yojana(launched in 2001): provides for
pension and insurance besides
providing money back. The contribution
of the beneficiary is Re.1/- per day
while the Government contributes Rs.
2/- per day.
Janshree Bima Yojana is a group insurance scheme
which covers natural/accidental death, partial or
total permanent disability due to accident and the
people belonging to BPL category are eligible to join
the scheme.
Viradha Pension Scheme:Pension scheme for the
workers engaged in the unorganized sector. Since
India is one of the largest numbers of informal
workers in old age also, so this scheme was
introduced by the government to support the
old(aged) unorganised sector workers.
National rural employment guarantee act
2005(NREGA):under this scheme ,government
guarantees at least 100 days of employment in a
year.if they fail in doing so,then they has to give
unemployment allowances to the workers registered
under this scheme.

11. In fact , what is lacking is a broad and specific theoretical
framework that locates all these experiences of
exploitative work in a capitalist mode of production.
The problem is that the policies themselves
need to be critiqued much more harshly than is being
done at present. For instance , a major part of the
government’s efforts at creating employment are directed
at creating scheme-based work at low wedge rates. Much
of these schemes based work employed women , poor
women mainly, and have largely tackled the social
determinants of well-being of the workers themselves.
These are issues that may need to be explored in the
coming years given in the increased and exaggerated
emphasis by the Indian state on social policy interventions
The Government has to play a role of facilitator and
promoter so that the workers employed in the informal
sector are able to get requisite level of protection and
security to have decent work environment enabling
them to express their skills fully and according to their
capabilities necessary for enhancing the competitiveness
of their outputs and thereby raising their income and
socio-economic status.
OUR URGE…

12. >The Telegraph
>India Today
>The Frontline
>The Hindu
>NCERT-Democratic Politics (Class IX & X)
>NCERT-Economics (Class IX &X)
>Kavita Das, Prof. K.B.Das, Dr. S.Mohanti; Social Security in
Infomal Sector—A Myth
>Yu-Wei-Hu, Fiona Stewart; Pension Coverage and Informal
Sector Workers; OCED Publishing
>Sheila Bhalla;The restructuring of unorganised sector in India