Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attacks the immune system by targeting white blood cells. In Indonesia, around 640,000 people were living with HIV in 2020, with 46,000 new infections and 38,000 AIDS-related deaths that year. HIV is typically spread through sexual contact, exposure to infected body fluids, or from mother to child during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Diagnosis involves virological or serological testing of a blood sample. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for anyone testing positive for HIV and can improve outcomes. WHO guidelines now recommend a regimen including an integrase inhibitor such as dolutegravir as first-line treatment.

1. Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus

2. Definisi
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an infection that attacks the body's
immune system, specifically the white blood cells called CD4 cells.

3. Epidemiologi
INDONESIA
•640 000 people were living with HIV.
•HIV incidence per 1000 uninfected—the number of new HIV infections among the
uninfected population over one year—among all people of all ages was 0.17.
•HIV prevalence—the percentage of people living with HIV—among adults (15–49 years) was
0.4%.
•46 000 people were newly infected with HIV.
•38 000 people died from an AIDS-related illness.

4. HIV is spread by three
main routes:
1. Sexual contact
2. Significant exposure to infected body fluids or tissues
3. From mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or
breastfeeding (known as vertical transmission).
• It is also possible to be co-infected by more than one strain
of HIV—a condition known as HIV superinfection.

6. Alur Pemeriksaan Diagnosis HIV
Pemeriksaan penunjang:
- Virologi (DNA/RNA virus)
Menggunakan sampel darah
kering  di gunakan untuk
anak umur <18 Tahun
- Serologi (anti bodi- antigen)
Rapid test
Enzym immunoassay
Western bolt

7. Kriteria interpretasi Tes anti- HIV Memulai Terapi ARV :
Terapi ARV dapat dimulai jika hasil pemeriksaan
penunjang menunjukan hasil reaktif, tanpa perlu test
CD4. Tetapi pemeriksaan CD4 awal sangat penting
untuk evaluasi terapi.

8. Cara Kerja ARV 3 Golongan Utama ARV
WHO 2019 merekomdasikan golongan intergrase inhibitor misalnya Dolutegravir (DTG)/Raltegravir
(RGV), sebagai lini pertama, di Indonesia DTG di gunakan sebagai lini ke tiga.

9. Panduan Lini Pertama
2 NRTI + 1 NNRTI 2 NRTI + PI
Panduan Lini Kedua

11. Rekomendasi WHO : 2 NRTI + Intergrase Inhibitor

14. TERIMA KASIH