1) The document discusses various types of offshore oil and gas production facilities including fixed platforms, tension leg platforms, semi-submersibles, and FPSOs. 2) It provides details on the key components and processes involved in offshore drilling and production such as wellheads, christmas trees, separation, compression, and storage. 3) FPSOs are described as floating facilities that perform processing of production fluids to separate oil, gas, and water and include storage tanks for offloading to tankers.

1. Oil & G P d ti F iliti &Oil & G P d ti F iliti &Oil & Gas Production Facilities &Oil & Gas Production Facilities &
FPSOFPSO
InGu LeeInGu Lee

2. ContentsContentsContentsContentsContentsContentsContentsContents
Offshore Field Development Area
List of Oil Exploration & Production CompaniesList of Oil Exploration & Production Companies
Review on Global Field Development CAPEX
Outlook on Global Offshore Facilities Development
Drilling Process
Exploration & Drilling rig
DrillingDrilling
Introducing Offshore Facilities
FPSO Process
S bSubsea
Topsides
Hull
2

3. Offshore Field Development AreaOffshore Field Development AreaOffshore Field Development AreaOffshore Field Development AreaOffshore Field Development AreaOffshore Field Development AreaOffshore Field Development AreaOffshore Field Development Area
Main offshore field
– North Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, the Campos and Santos Basins off the coasts of
B il N f dl d d N S i l fi ld ff W Af i blBrazil, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, several fields off West Africa most notably
west of Nigeria and Angola, as well as offshore fields in South East Asia and
Sakhalin, Russia
Arctic
RedevelopmentHeavy oil
Arctic
Conventional &Conventional &
Gas value chain
3

4. List of Oil Exploration and ProductionList of Oil Exploration and Production
CompaniesCompanies
List of Oil Exploration and ProductionList of Oil Exploration and Production
CompaniesCompaniesCompaniesCompaniesCompaniesCompanies
Africa Americas
4

5. List of Oil Exploration and ProductionList of Oil Exploration and Production
Companies(Continued )Companies(Continued )
List of Oil Exploration and ProductionList of Oil Exploration and Production
Companies(Continued )Companies(Continued )Companies(Continued…)Companies(Continued…)Companies(Continued…)Companies(Continued…)
Asia Australia & Oceania
5

6. List of Oil Exploration and ProductionList of Oil Exploration and Production
Companies(Continued )Companies(Continued )
List of Oil Exploration and ProductionList of Oil Exploration and Production
Companies(Continued )Companies(Continued )Companies(Continued…)Companies(Continued…)Companies(Continued…)Companies(Continued…)
Europe
6

7. Review on Global Field DevelopmentReview on Global Field Development
CAPEXCAPEX
Review on Global Field DevelopmentReview on Global Field Development
CAPEXCAPEXCAPEXCAPEXCAPEXCAPEX
Field development capex offshore 2008-2011
20 000
25 000
(USD million)
15 000
20 000
Onshore
(Offshore
Technology)
Eng & Mmt
5 000
10 000
g
Floating
platforms
0
hstan
geria
ngola
Brazil
GoM
rway
tralia
aysia
ndia
exico
hina
KCS
ssia
Other
Fixed platforms
Kazakh
Nig
An
B
US
No
Aust
Mala
I
Me
C
U
Ru
O
CAPEX i 33 billi $
7
CAPEX is approx. 33 billion $ per year

8. Outlook on Global Offshore FacilitiesOutlook on Global Offshore Facilities
DevelopmentDevelopment
Outlook on Global Offshore FacilitiesOutlook on Global Offshore Facilities
DevelopmentDevelopment
I t ll d b f Fl ti d ti
DevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopment
400
450
Semis
TLP
Spar
Installed base of Floating production
250
300
350
Spar
FPSO
150
200
250
50
100
0
Installed base
1987
Installed base
1997
Installed base
2007
Under
construction
Bidding phase Long term Total 2015
8

9. Exploration & Drilling RigExploration & Drilling RigExploration & Drilling RigExploration & Drilling Rig
Drill-site
Selection
Geological evidence indicating the
possible accumulation of petroleumpossible accumulation of petroleum
Drill-site
Preparation
Rigging up
Spudding in
9

10. DrillingDrillingDrillingDrilling
Drilling
surface hole
Initial Drilling
Surface casing installation to prevent fresh
water zones and support the production casingsu ace o e water zones and support the production casing
Cemented
BOP(Blowout Preventer) installation
R l t f d illi bit
Drilling to
total depth
Replacement of drilling bit
Drill-stem testing
- During drilling porous rock
- Testing of Oil & Gas formation
Well logging
Removal of drill string
Insert logging tools
- Electrical logWell logging Electrical log
- Radioactivity log
- Sonic log
D h l t b t d b k t
Completing
well
Dry hole to be cemented back to
the original condition
Producer to be with production
casing
Fill ith d illi fl id
10
- Fill with drilling fluid
- Insert production casing
- Christmas tree

11. Introducing Offshore FacilitiesIntroducing Offshore FacilitiesIntroducing Offshore FacilitiesIntroducing Offshore FacilitiesIntroducing Offshore FacilitiesIntroducing Offshore FacilitiesIntroducing Offshore FacilitiesIntroducing Offshore Facilities
Started in the fresh waters of the Grand Lake St. Marys(Ohio) in 1891
Facilities to drill wells and extract and process oil and natural gas andFacilities to drill wells and extract and process oil and natural gas and
export the products to shore
Types and design rely on the area environment of operation so the
project specificationproject specification
1, 2) conventional fixed platforms; 3) compliant tower; 4, 5) vertically moored tension leg and mini-
tension leg platform; 6) Spar ; 7,8) Semi-submersibles ; 9) Floating production, storage, and
offloading facility; 10) sub sea completion and tie back to host facility
11
offloading facility; 10) sub-sea completion and tie-back to host facility.

12. Introducing Offshore FacilitiesIntroducing Offshore Facilities
(Continued )(Continued )(Continued…)(Continued…)
Fixed Platforms
- Water depth up to about 520 m
- Concrete or steel leg anchored
Compliant Platforms(Fixed Type)
- Water depths ranging from 460 to 910 m
Designed to sustain significant lateral deflections and forces- Designed to sustain significant lateral deflections and forces
TLPs(Tension Leg Platforms)
- Water depths ranging from 300 to 1,500 m
Designed to eliminate vertical motion of the platform- Designed to eliminate vertical motion of the platform
- Permanently moored by means of tendons
Spar Platforms
- A large-diameter, single vertical cylinder supporting a deckg , g y pp g
- About 90% of the structure is underwater and more stable than TLP
- Water depth ranging up to 3,000 m
Semi-submersible Platforms
- Can be moved from place to place and can be FPSO
- Water depths ranging from 60 to 3,000 m
- Dynamic Positioning
FPSO(Floating Production Storage and
12
FPSO(Floating Production, Storage and
Offloading)

13. Floating Production, StorageFloating Production, Storage
and Offloadingand Offloadingand Offloadingand Offloading
Subsea Process(Oil reservoir)
- Wellhead
Christmas tree(Tree Oil well)- Christmas tree(Tree, Oil well)
- Subsea pipeline, Manifold and etc
Top side process(Oil production)
- Modular design basis
A f ilit hi h f i f d ti- A facility which performs processing of production
fluids(a mixture of sand, oil, gas and produced water)
from oil wells in order to separate out key
components(Oil & Gas)
- Separators(Gravity separate; sand, water, oil and gas)
Oil t t t(C l )- Oil treatment(Coalescer)
- Water treatment(Hydrocyclone)
- Gas treatment(Associated gas(Wet gas) to scrubbers,
Compressors and coolers to make Dry gas through TEG
Regeneration
- Fuel gas sweetening system(Amine plant)
- Gas export(Re-injecting or Fueling or Exporting)
- Offloading and etc.
Hull side process(Oil storage/Ship Stability)p ( g p y)
- Hull Structure
- Loading process
- Cargo Tanks including wash tanks and continuous
settling tanks
13
- Production tanks/Slop tanks
- Ballast tanks
- COW and etc.

14. Subsea Process(Oil Reservoir)Subsea Process(Oil Reservoir)Subsea Process(Oil Reservoir)Subsea Process(Oil Reservoir)
Wellhead
- The component at the surface of an oil or gas well that provides the structural and
pressure-containing interface for the drilling and production equipmentp g g p q p
- To provide the suspension point and pressure seals for the casing strings that run
from the bottom of the hole sections to the surface pressure control equipment
- BOP(Blowout Preventer) to prevent pressure exposure to outside while drilling
- Surface wellhead such as Well Head Tower or Subsea wellhead
Christmas tree(Tree, Oil well)
- Installed on the top of wellhead for production
- Includes isolation valves and chock equipment to control the flow of well fluids
- Surface tree or Subsea tree
Manifold pipeline system(MPS)
- Direct the flow into several production flowline headers inclusive of pigging loops,
flow meters and control systems
Tie-in and subsea flow-linese a d subsea o es
Control and data acquisition
- Umbilicals
- HPU(Hydraulic Power Unit)
SPC(Subsea Production Control)- SPC(Subsea Production Control)
- SPCU(Subsea Power and Communication Unit)
- PLC
- Etc.
14
Well Reserviors Production &
Injection

15. Typical Subsea ArchitectureTypical Subsea ArchitectureTypical Subsea ArchitectureTypical Subsea Architecture
15

16. Subsea Control SystemSubsea Control System -- IntegrationIntegrationSubsea Control SystemSubsea Control System -- IntegrationIntegration
Master Control
Station
Electrical Pow
er Unit
Hydraulic Pow
er Unit
Chemical Injec
tion UnitStation
MCS
er Unit
EPS
er Unit
HPU
tion Unit
CIU
Platform Junction Box
Subsea Communications
Umbilical
Platform Junction BoxGateway (SG)
Subsea
Topside
EPIC OEM
Subsea Control Module
Subsea distribution unit
Subsea Communications
Gateway (SG)
Proprietary
Subsea Electronic
Module
SEM
SCMTree
Pressure, Temp,
Choke position etc
SEMChoke position, etc
Hydraulic Power
16
y

17. Topside(Overall)Topside(Overall)Topside(Overall)Topside(Overall)
17

18. Topside(Overall: Continued )Topside(Overall: Continued )Topside(Overall: Continued…)Topside(Overall: Continued…)
18

19. Production Riser DetailsProduction Riser DetailsProduction Riser DetailsProduction Riser Details
19

20. Topside(Slug Catcher & Separator)Topside(Slug Catcher & Separator)Topside(Slug Catcher & Separator)Topside(Slug Catcher & Separator)
Slug Catcher
- Slugging can be caused by gravity difference, flow-rate
diff d i li h i ht diff i lti l hdifference and pipeline height difference in multiple phase,
especially vapor and liquid.
- Pig Launcher/Receiver
- A vessel with sufficient buffer volume to store/drain the
largest slugs.
Multi-phase Separator
- A large drum designed to separate production fluids into their
constituent components of oil, gas and water.
- The three components have different densities, which allows
them to stratify when moving slowly with gas on top waterthem to stratify when moving slowly with gas on top, water
on the bottom and oil in the middle.
- Any solids such as sand will also settle in the bottom of the
separator.
- HP/LP/Test separators or 1st/2nd separator
20

21. Separator DetailsSeparator DetailsSeparator DetailsSeparator Details
21

22. Topside(Gas)Topside(Gas)Topside(Gas)Topside(Gas)
Vapor-Liquid Separator
- Called flash drum, knock-out drum, knock-out pot, compressor suction
d d i l t ddrum and compressor inlet drum
- Called demister when used to remove suspended water droplets from
streams of air
- Consists of Inlet diffuser/Mesh pad/Level control
LP CompressorsLP Compressors
- Parallel & serial centrifugal compressors driven by Gas or Steam Turbine
OR Motor
- Anti-surge/loading sharing/master performance control(CCC series)
- Handle associated/wet gas in separators and stabilize Header pressureg p p
of HP or Injection Compressors
22

23. Topside(Gas: LP Compressor Details)Topside(Gas: LP Compressor Details)Topside(Gas: LP Compressor Details)Topside(Gas: LP Compressor Details)
23

24. Topside(Gas)Topside(Gas)
HP or Injection Compressors
- This is most dynamic and important
k i ff h d FPSO
Topside(Gas)Topside(Gas)
package in offshore and FPSO
- GIC(Gas Injection Compressor) is the
biggest vendor package
- HP Compressors has only purpose of
ti d t th t i l/fl t kexporting dry gas to the terminal/flare stack
- Injection compressor has both purposes of
exporting dry gas to the terminal/flare stack
as well as subsea well
Parallel & serial centrifugal compressors- Parallel & serial centrifugal compressors
driven by Gas or Steam Turbine or Motor
- Anti-surge/loading sharing/master
performance control(CCC series)
Glycol dehydration between compressors- Glycol dehydration between compressors
to convert wet/associated gas to dry gas
Other Process Units
- VRU(Vapor Recovery Unit)
- OHC(Over Head Compressor)
- Amine Plant for FG sweetening
24

25. HP or Injection Compressor train DetailsHP or Injection Compressor train DetailsHP or Injection Compressor train DetailsHP or Injection Compressor train Details
25

26. Topside(Gas Overall w/ GlycolTopside(Gas Overall w/ Glycol DehydDehyd ))Topside(Gas Overall w/ GlycolTopside(Gas Overall w/ Glycol DehydDehyd.).)
26

27. Topside(TEGTopside(TEG RegenRegen., Glycol Dehydration)., Glycol Dehydration)Topside(TEGTopside(TEG RegenRegen., Glycol Dehydration)., Glycol Dehydration)
27

28. Topside(Oil)Topside(Oil)Topside(Oil)Topside(Oil)
HP
Separators
or
LP
Separatorsor
1st Separators
or
Test Separators
Separators
or
2nd Separators
Stabilizers Cargo TKs
28

29. Topside(Conceptual Seawater Treatment)Topside(Conceptual Seawater Treatment)Topside(Conceptual Seawater Treatment)Topside(Conceptual Seawater Treatment)
HP
Separators
or
1st Separators
VRU GIC
or
Test Separators
Flotation Unit Process TKs Cargo TKs
LP
Separators
or
2nd Separators Seawater Lift
(Filters Minox)
Seawater
Injection Pumps(Filters, Minox) Injection Pumps
Sand
Seawater
29

30. Topside(Seawater Treatment Schematic 1)Topside(Seawater Treatment Schematic 1)Topside(Seawater Treatment Schematic 1)Topside(Seawater Treatment Schematic 1)
30

31. Topside(Topside(HydrocycloneHydrocyclone –– Flotation Units)Flotation Units)Topside(Topside(HydrocycloneHydrocyclone –– Flotation Units)Flotation Units)
31

32. Topside(Seawater Treatment Schematic 2)Topside(Seawater Treatment Schematic 2)Topside(Seawater Treatment Schematic 2)Topside(Seawater Treatment Schematic 2)
32

33. Hull side(Overall)Hull side(Overall)Hull side(Overall)Hull side(Overall)
33

34. HullsideHullside (Cargo Loading)(Cargo Loading)HullsideHullside (Cargo Loading)(Cargo Loading)
34

35. HullsideHullside(Cargo Offloading)(Cargo Offloading)HullsideHullside(Cargo Offloading)(Cargo Offloading)
35

36. HullsideHullside(Ballast Tanks)(Ballast Tanks)HullsideHullside(Ballast Tanks)(Ballast Tanks)
36

37. HullsideHullside Process(Cargo Offloading)Process(Cargo Offloading)HullsideHullside Process(Cargo Offloading)Process(Cargo Offloading)
37

38. HullsideHullside((COW:CrudeCOW:Crude Oil Washing)Oil Washing)HullsideHullside((COW:CrudeCOW:Crude Oil Washing)Oil Washing)
38

39. Floating LNG(To be continued???)Floating LNG(To be continued???)
39

40. Floating LNG(To be continued???)Floating LNG(To be continued???)
C3/MR Simplified Process Cascade Simplified Process
APX Simplified Process Shell DMR Simplified Process
40