SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 57
SUBJECT CATALOGING: A REVIEW
OBJECTIVES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OUTLINE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DEFINITION OF TERMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SUBJECT CATALOGING ,[object Object],[object Object]
SUBJECT HEADING ,[object Object],[object Object]
SUBJECT CONTENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SUBJECT ANALYSIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SUBJECT CATALOG ,[object Object],[object Object]
SUBJ ECT AUTHORITY RECORD ,[object Object],[object Object]
SUBJECT ENTRY ,[object Object],[object Object]
IMPORTANCE OF SUBJECT CATALOGING ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TYPES OF CATALOGS WITH SUBJECT ENTRIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SUBJECT AUTHORITY FILE FUNCTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PRINCIPLES
USER and USAGE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
UNIFORM HEADINGS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Choice Among Synonymous  Terms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Choice Among Variant Spellings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Foreign Terms vs. Local Terms ,[object Object],[object Object]
Technical vs. Popular Terms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Obsolete vs. Current Terms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
UNIQUE HEADINGS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SPECIFIC ENTRY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CROSS REFERENCES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PHASE RELATIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SEARS LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS
BRIEF INTRODUCTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TYPES OF MAIN HEADINGS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FORM OF HEADINGS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SUBDIVISIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OMITTED SUBJECT HEADINGS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
KEY HEADINGS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
INDIVIDUAL BIOGRAPHY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL HEADINGS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
COLLECTIVE BIOGRAPHY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
WORK ABOUT BIOGRAPHY ,[object Object],[object Object]
WORK ABOUT LITERATURE ,[object Object]
LITERARY WORKS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SUBJECT HEADINGS
BRIEF INTRODUCTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TYPES OF MAIN HEADINGS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SYNTAX OF MAIN HEADINGS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HEADINGS FOR NAMED ENTITIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Personal Names ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Corporate names ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Jurisdictional Geographic Names ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Non-jurisdictional Geographic Names ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Generic Qualifiers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ENTRY ELEMENT  (for Geographic headings)
SUBDIVISIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Free Floating Subdivisions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Examples of Pattern Headings Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet Literary works entered under author Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 Individual literary authors English language --Pronoun  Languages and groups of languages
Geographic Subdivisions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LITERARY WORKS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BIOGRAPHY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CHILDREN’S MATERIALS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados (20)

Classification a review
Classification   a reviewClassification   a review
Classification a review
 
History of cataloguing code
History of cataloguing codeHistory of cataloguing code
History of cataloguing code
 
Marc format
Marc formatMarc format
Marc format
 
Library of congress subject heading
Library of congress subject headingLibrary of congress subject heading
Library of congress subject heading
 
Marc 21
Marc 21Marc 21
Marc 21
 
Canons of library classification
Canons of library classificationCanons of library classification
Canons of library classification
 
Marc 21
Marc 21Marc 21
Marc 21
 
Weeding Presentation
Weeding PresentationWeeding Presentation
Weeding Presentation
 
Web OPAC
Web OPAC Web OPAC
Web OPAC
 
Cataloging of nonbook materials edited
Cataloging of nonbook materials editedCataloging of nonbook materials edited
Cataloging of nonbook materials edited
 
An Introduction to Dewey's Decimal Classification (DDC)
An Introduction to Dewey's Decimal Classification (DDC)An Introduction to Dewey's Decimal Classification (DDC)
An Introduction to Dewey's Decimal Classification (DDC)
 
Opac
OpacOpac
Opac
 
Classified Catalogue Code (ccc)
Classified Catalogue Code (ccc)Classified Catalogue Code (ccc)
Classified Catalogue Code (ccc)
 
Reference interview
Reference interviewReference interview
Reference interview
 
Classaurus classification
Classaurus classificationClassaurus classification
Classaurus classification
 
Reference Queries
Reference QueriesReference Queries
Reference Queries
 
MARC21
MARC21MARC21
MARC21
 
Subject cataloguing
Subject cataloguingSubject cataloguing
Subject cataloguing
 
Reference Sources
Reference SourcesReference Sources
Reference Sources
 
Indexing language concept types and characteristics
Indexing language concept types and characteristicsIndexing language concept types and characteristics
Indexing language concept types and characteristics
 

Semelhante a Subject cataloging a review

Reference powerpoint (dictio,etc)
Reference powerpoint (dictio,etc)Reference powerpoint (dictio,etc)
Reference powerpoint (dictio,etc)Johny Prudencio
 
Subject analysis, structure and syntax of lcsh
Subject analysis, structure and syntax of lcshSubject analysis, structure and syntax of lcsh
Subject analysis, structure and syntax of lcshRichard.Sapon-White
 
Library of congress subject heading
Library of congress subject headingLibrary of congress subject heading
Library of congress subject headingOmprakashlis
 
Music Research: Tips for Success
Music Research: Tips for Success Music Research: Tips for Success
Music Research: Tips for Success tls224
 
LIS 653, Session 7: Classification and Categorization
LIS 653, Session 7: Classification and CategorizationLIS 653, Session 7: Classification and Categorization
LIS 653, Session 7: Classification and CategorizationDr. Starr Hoffman
 
New CMOS Turabian style for students
New CMOS  Turabian style for studentsNew CMOS  Turabian style for students
New CMOS Turabian style for studentsNancy Williard
 
LIS 653, Session 9: Subject Analysis
LIS 653, Session 9: Subject Analysis LIS 653, Session 9: Subject Analysis
LIS 653, Session 9: Subject Analysis Dr. Starr Hoffman
 
Understanding Print Reference Resources
Understanding Print Reference ResourcesUnderstanding Print Reference Resources
Understanding Print Reference Resourceshisled
 
Murtha Baca
Murtha BacaMurtha Baca
Murtha Bacavonjobi
 
Subject analysis, an introduction
Subject analysis, an introductionSubject analysis, an introduction
Subject analysis, an introductionRichard.Sapon-White
 
Research Sources & Techniques
Research Sources & TechniquesResearch Sources & Techniques
Research Sources & TechniquesGina Singh
 
Comsci (Context clues, Bibliography, and Modals)
Comsci (Context clues, Bibliography, and Modals)Comsci (Context clues, Bibliography, and Modals)
Comsci (Context clues, Bibliography, and Modals)ZeionneMabanag1
 
Music 1341 wayang
Music 1341 wayangMusic 1341 wayang
Music 1341 wayangtls224
 
Weeding Reference Materials (Lis 60610)
Weeding Reference Materials (Lis 60610)Weeding Reference Materials (Lis 60610)
Weeding Reference Materials (Lis 60610)guestab667e
 
Chicago manual of style citations workshop
Chicago manual of style citations workshopChicago manual of style citations workshop
Chicago manual of style citations workshopSteven Knowlton
 
Basic search skills training
Basic search skills trainingBasic search skills training
Basic search skills trainingCandy Yip
 

Semelhante a Subject cataloging a review (20)

Reference powerpoint (dictio,etc)
Reference powerpoint (dictio,etc)Reference powerpoint (dictio,etc)
Reference powerpoint (dictio,etc)
 
Subject analysis, structure and syntax of lcsh
Subject analysis, structure and syntax of lcshSubject analysis, structure and syntax of lcsh
Subject analysis, structure and syntax of lcsh
 
Library of congress subject heading
Library of congress subject headingLibrary of congress subject heading
Library of congress subject heading
 
Music Research: Tips for Success
Music Research: Tips for Success Music Research: Tips for Success
Music Research: Tips for Success
 
LIS 653, Session 7: Classification and Categorization
LIS 653, Session 7: Classification and CategorizationLIS 653, Session 7: Classification and Categorization
LIS 653, Session 7: Classification and Categorization
 
New CMOS Turabian style for students
New CMOS  Turabian style for studentsNew CMOS  Turabian style for students
New CMOS Turabian style for students
 
Lis119 b (2)
Lis119 b (2)Lis119 b (2)
Lis119 b (2)
 
LIS 653, Session 9: Subject Analysis
LIS 653, Session 9: Subject Analysis LIS 653, Session 9: Subject Analysis
LIS 653, Session 9: Subject Analysis
 
Understanding Print Reference Resources
Understanding Print Reference ResourcesUnderstanding Print Reference Resources
Understanding Print Reference Resources
 
6110 bibliography
6110 bibliography6110 bibliography
6110 bibliography
 
Murtha Baca
Murtha BacaMurtha Baca
Murtha Baca
 
Lcsh
LcshLcsh
Lcsh
 
Subject analysis, lcsh part 2
Subject analysis, lcsh part 2Subject analysis, lcsh part 2
Subject analysis, lcsh part 2
 
Subject analysis, an introduction
Subject analysis, an introductionSubject analysis, an introduction
Subject analysis, an introduction
 
Research Sources & Techniques
Research Sources & TechniquesResearch Sources & Techniques
Research Sources & Techniques
 
Comsci (Context clues, Bibliography, and Modals)
Comsci (Context clues, Bibliography, and Modals)Comsci (Context clues, Bibliography, and Modals)
Comsci (Context clues, Bibliography, and Modals)
 
Music 1341 wayang
Music 1341 wayangMusic 1341 wayang
Music 1341 wayang
 
Weeding Reference Materials (Lis 60610)
Weeding Reference Materials (Lis 60610)Weeding Reference Materials (Lis 60610)
Weeding Reference Materials (Lis 60610)
 
Chicago manual of style citations workshop
Chicago manual of style citations workshopChicago manual of style citations workshop
Chicago manual of style citations workshop
 
Basic search skills training
Basic search skills trainingBasic search skills training
Basic search skills training
 

Mais de Ime Amor Mortel

Mais de Ime Amor Mortel (20)

Website Selection Criteria
Website Selection CriteriaWebsite Selection Criteria
Website Selection Criteria
 
Selection Criteria for Books
Selection Criteria for BooksSelection Criteria for Books
Selection Criteria for Books
 
AV Materials Selection Criteria
AV Materials Selection CriteriaAV Materials Selection Criteria
AV Materials Selection Criteria
 
General Selection Criteria
General  Selection CriteriaGeneral  Selection Criteria
General Selection Criteria
 
E resources selection criteria
E resources selection criteriaE resources selection criteria
E resources selection criteria
 
Classification
Classification Classification
Classification
 
Control
ControlControl
Control
 
Leadership
Leadership Leadership
Leadership
 
Directing
DirectingDirecting
Directing
 
Organizing
Organizing Organizing
Organizing
 
Staffing
StaffingStaffing
Staffing
 
Budgetary Control
Budgetary Control Budgetary Control
Budgetary Control
 
Access Points
Access PointsAccess Points
Access Points
 
AACR2 8 Areas of Bibliographic Description
AACR2 8 Areas of Bibliographic DescriptionAACR2 8 Areas of Bibliographic Description
AACR2 8 Areas of Bibliographic Description
 
APA Guide
APA GuideAPA Guide
APA Guide
 
Rockefeller's Habits
Rockefeller's HabitsRockefeller's Habits
Rockefeller's Habits
 
Planning
PlanningPlanning
Planning
 
Cataloging technical drawings
Cataloging technical drawingsCataloging technical drawings
Cataloging technical drawings
 
Cataloging sound recordings
Cataloging sound recordingsCataloging sound recordings
Cataloging sound recordings
 
Cataloging motionpictures and video recordings
Cataloging motionpictures and video recordingsCataloging motionpictures and video recordings
Cataloging motionpictures and video recordings
 

Último

FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024
FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024
FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024Elizabeth Walsh
 
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.christianmathematics
 
Spellings Wk 3 English CAPS CARES Please Practise
Spellings Wk 3 English CAPS CARES Please PractiseSpellings Wk 3 English CAPS CARES Please Practise
Spellings Wk 3 English CAPS CARES Please PractiseAnaAcapella
 
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptxGoogle Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptxDr. Sarita Anand
 
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsOn National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsMebane Rash
 
Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functionsSalient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functionsKarakKing
 
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...christianmathematics
 
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptxUnit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptxVishalSingh1417
 
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdfQucHHunhnh
 
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfMicro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfPoh-Sun Goh
 
Single or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structureSingle or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structuredhanjurrannsibayan2
 
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)Jisc
 
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POSHow to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POSCeline George
 
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdfQucHHunhnh
 
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfHoldier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfagholdier
 
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxHMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxEsquimalt MFRC
 
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptx
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptxTowards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptx
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptxJisc
 
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxBasic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxDenish Jangid
 
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning PresentationSOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentationcamerronhm
 

Último (20)

FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024
FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024
FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024
 
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
 
Spellings Wk 3 English CAPS CARES Please Practise
Spellings Wk 3 English CAPS CARES Please PractiseSpellings Wk 3 English CAPS CARES Please Practise
Spellings Wk 3 English CAPS CARES Please Practise
 
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptxGoogle Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
 
Spatium Project Simulation student brief
Spatium Project Simulation student briefSpatium Project Simulation student brief
Spatium Project Simulation student brief
 
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsOn National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
 
Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functionsSalient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
 
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
 
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptxUnit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
 
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
 
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfMicro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
 
Single or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structureSingle or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structure
 
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
 
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POSHow to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
 
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
 
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfHoldier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
 
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxHMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
 
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptx
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptxTowards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptx
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptx
 
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxBasic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
 
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning PresentationSOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
 

Subject cataloging a review

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27. SEARS LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SUBJECT HEADINGS
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53. Examples of Pattern Headings Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet Literary works entered under author Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 Individual literary authors English language --Pronoun Languages and groups of languages
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.