Virtualization & Cloud Demystified

Rishi Kumar
(408) 429-9222
Rishi.Kumar@imaginea.com

This document is confidential and not for unsolicited distribution. Copyright © 2013, Imaginea Technologies Inc. All trade names and marks belong to their respective owners. All rights reserved.

Imaginea Cloud Lifecycle Management


Imaginea Consulting Services Offering


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3/6/2014

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DHEERENDRA MADHUSUDHANA


www.imaginea.com/cloud

•

Traditional Sever Concept
 Outline
 Pros and Cons

•

Virtual Server Concept
 Hypervisors and hosts
 Virtual machines
 Type-1 and Type-2 Hypervisors
 Pros and Cons

•

Could Computing
 Concept
 The Rise of Cloud
 Amazon
 OpenStack


Agenda

• How can I start building my own cloud?
• How can I start experimenting with different
components of a cloud?
• Can I start doing this with just my laptop at home?


A Cloud-Geek shares his experience and
insights

• Virtualization:
– The ability to run multiple operating systems on a single
physical system and share the underlying hardware
resources

• Cloud Computing:
– The provisioning of services in a timely (near on instant),
on-demand manner, to allow the up and down scaling of
resources


Definition

IIS

EMail
Linux

Linux

Windows

Glassfish

MySQL

Exchange
Windows

DB Server
Web
Server

App Server


The Traditional Server Concept

Web Server

App Server

DB Server

EMail
Windows

DOWN!

Linux

Windows
MySQL

Exchange


And if something goes wrong ...

IIS

• Pros
–
–
–
–

Easy to conceptualize
Fairly easy to deploy
Easy to backup
Virtually any
application/service
can be run from this
type of setup

• Cons
– Expensive to acquire and
maintain hardware
– Not very scalable
– Difficult to replicate
– Redundancy is difficult to
implement
– Vulnerable to hardware
outages
– In many cases, processor is
under-utilized


So what are the Pros and Cons with
Traditional?

• Virtual servers seek to encapsulate the server software away
from the hardware
– This includes the OS, the applications, and the storage for that server

• Servers end up as mere files stored on a physical box, or in
enterprise storage
• One host typically houses many virtual servers (virtual
machines or VMs)
• A virtual server can be serviced by one or more hosts e. g.
storage, services, etc.


The Virtual Server Concept

Hypervisor layer between Guest OS and hardware


What is the Hypervisor | Virtual Server?

• A hypervisor is a piece of computer software, firmware, or
hardware that creates and runs virtual machines
• A computer on which a hypervisor is running one or more
virtual machines is defined as a host machine
• Each virtual machine has a guest operating systems, which is
managed by the hypervisor
• Multiple instances of a variety of operating systems may share
the virtualized hardware resources


Hosts, Hypervisors, VMs :Virtualized
Hardware Resources

• A Hypervisor – also called Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) or
virtualization manager – is another technology at the heart of
system virtualization
• A hypervisor provides the underpinnings for virtualization
management, which includes policy-based automation, virtual
hard disk, life cycle management, live migration, and real-time
resource allocation
• Type 1 hypervisors - Run directly on the system hardware and
offer a higher level of virtualization efficiency and security
• Type 2 hypervisors - Run on a host operating system that
provides virtualization services, such as I/O device support
and memory management.


Two types of Hypervisors

Type-1

Type-2

Independent of OS

Dependent on OS

Boots before OS

After OS

Performance, ROI
good

Less, as it runs on the OS

Scalability is good
Citrix XenServer,
VMWare ESXI,
Microsoft Hyper-V

Oracle Virtual Box,
VMWare Server,
Microsoft Virtual PC

Easy to manage

Complex to manage as
need to manage OS +
guest OS

16

Copyright (C) 2013, Imaginea Technologies Inc.


Comparing the two types of Hypervisors

Hypervisor

x86 Architecture

Intercepts hardware
requests

Service
Console

Server
2
Guest OS

Clustering


Hypervisors and Virtual Machines

Server
1
Guest OS

• Virtual servers can be scaled out easily
– If the administrators find that the resources
supporting a virtual server are being taxed too much,
they can adjust the amount of resources allocated to
that virtual server

• Server templates can be created in a virtual
environment to be used to create multiple,
identical virtual servers
• Virtual servers themselves can be migrated from
host to host almost at will


Scaling of Virtual Servers

• Pros
Resource pooling
Highly redundant
Highly available
Rapidly deploy new
servers
– Easy to deploy
– Reconfigurable while
services are running
– Optimizes physical
resources by doing
more with less
–
–
–
–

• Cons
– Slightly harder to
conceptualize
– Slightly costlier (must
buy hardware, OS, Apps,
and now the abstraction
layer)


The Pros and Cons of Virtual Servers

• The cloud is Internet-based computing,
whereby shared resources, software, and
information are provided to computers and
other devices on demand – pay per use
• Cost-effective means of virtualizing and making use of resources more
effectively
• Low start-up costs – pay for use helps to kick-start companies
• Scaling is proportional to demand (revenue) so it’s a good business
model
• Vast range of Cloud Computing applications
• Virtual private servers, Web hosting, data servers, fail-over services,
etc.


What is the Business of Cloud?


Cloud is everywhere

• You don’t have to own the hardware
• You “rent” it as needed from a cloud
• There are public clouds, e. g., Amazon EC2, IBM, HP,
Microsoft, and Oracle
• A company can create a private one with more control over
privacy and security


Cloud – takes virtualization to the next
level

• Cloud has three major components

• Following are three technical words used in cloud world:
 Compute
 Storage
 Networking


Diving into the cloud

• If you are thinking of any of the following:
–
–
–
–

Can I start using the machines on the cloud?
How can I build a cloud ?
Which cloud software suite shall I use ?
Can I deep-dive into cloud software on my own?

Yes, You can start exploring Amazon or
OpenStack
http://www.openstack.org


What is OpenStack?

• Following well-known cloud systems are available:
– Amazon, synonym for Cloud
– OpenStack, install and try on your own
– CloudStack, install and try on your own


Eucalyptus, OpenStack, CloudStack

• Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that
provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud. It is designed to
make web-scale computing easier for developers.
• Advantages:
– Simple web service interface allows you to obtain and configure
capacity with minimal friction.
– Provides you with complete control of your computing resources
and lets you run on Amazon’s proven computing environment.
– Reduces the time required to obtain and boot new server
instances to minutes, allowing you to quickly scale capacity, both
up and down.

• Can I build my own Amazon like Cloud ?


Amazon Explained

• Open source cloud computing platform for public and
private clouds
• Delivers a massive scalable cloud operating system
• Code is freely available under the Apache 2.0 license
• Over 15,000 members in 133 participating countries


OpenStack – How “open” is it?

• Not single monolithic software; has multiple, distributed
components:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Compute – Nova
Storage – Swift
Networking – Neutron
Dashboard – Horizon
Identity Service – Keystone
Image Service – Glance
Telemetry Service
Orchestration Service


OpenStack Components

– Provision and manage large networks of virtual
machines
– You can deploy OpenStack Compute using one of
multiple supported hypervisors in a virtualized
environment
– KVM and XenServer are popular choices for hypervisor
technology and recommended for most use cases


OpenStack: Compute

• Object Storage - Swift
– OpenStack provides redundant, scalable object storage using clusters
of standardized servers capable of storing petabytes of data
– Object Storage is not a traditional file system, but rather a distributed
storage system for static data such as virtual machine images, photo
storage, email storage, backups and archives. Having no central
"brain" or master point of control provides greater scalability,
redundancy, and durability

If you want to build Amazon S3-like service, you can use this.


OpenStack: Storage

• Provides persistent block level storage devices for use with
OpenStack compute instances – hard disk
• Manages the creation, attaching and detaching of the block
devices to servers
• Volumes are fully integrated into OpenStack Compute
• Integrated with Dashboard allowing for cloud users to
manage their own storage needs


OpenStack: Block Storage - Cinder

• Networking is a pluggable, scalable and API-driven system for
managing networks and IP addresses
• Provides flexible networking models to suit the needs of different
applications or user groups. Standard models include flat networks or
VLANs for separation of servers and traffic
• Manages IP addresses, allowing for dedicated static IPs or DHCP or
floating IPs
• Floating IPs allow traffic to be dynamically rerouted to any of your
compute resources, allowing you to redirect traffic during maintenance
or in the case of failure
• Users can create their own networks, control traffic, and connect
servers and devices to one or more networks


OpenStack Networking - Neutron

• Get started with simple Ubuntu 12.04 LTS:
– I will show a demo of:

• Where they should go
• What they do
• How you can set up the basic cloud


How can I start building ?

• Cost
– Many systems have variable demands

 Batch processing (e. g., The New York Times)
 Web sites with peaks (e. g., Forbes)
 Startups with unknown demand (e. g., the
Cash for Clunkers program)

– Reduce risk
 Don't need to buy hardware until you need it


Goal 1 – Cost Control

• More than scalability - elasticity
– Ely Lilly in rapidly changing health care business:
• Used to take 3 - 4 months to give a department a server
cluster, then they would hoard it

– Using EC2, about 5 minutes:
• And they give it back when they are done

• Scaling down is as important as scaling up


Goal 2 - Business Agility

• System Administrators often talk about servers as a whole
unit that includes hardware, OS, storage, and applications
• Servers are often referred to by their function, e. g.,
Exchange server, SQL server, and File server

• If the File server fills up or the Exchange server becomes
overtaxed, then SysAdmins must add in a new server



• Unless there are multiple servers, if a service experiences a
hardware failure, then the service is down
• SysAdmins can implement clusters of servers to make
them more fault tolerant. However, even clusters have
limits on their scalability, and not all applications work in a
clustered environment



• The “no-need-to-know” in terms of the underlying details
of infrastructure, applications interface with the
infrastructure via the APIs
• The “flexibility and elasticity” allow these systems to
scale up and down at will:
– Utilizing resources of all kinds:
• CPU, storage, server capacity, load balancing, and databases

• The “pay as much as used and needed” type of utility
computing and the “always on, anywhere and any place”
type of network-based computing

38


Basic Cloud Characteristics

• Cloud are transparent to users and applications,
they can be built in multiple ways:
– Branded products, proprietary, open source, hardware
or software, or just COTS PCs.

• In general, they are built on clusters of PC servers
and COTS components plus Open Source software
combined with in-house applications and/or
system software.

39


Basic Cloud Characteristics

• You offer online, realtime stock market
data

9 AM - 5 PM,
M-F

ALL OTHER
TIMES

Rate of
Server
Accesses

• Why pay for capacity
weekends, overnight?


Pay-Use Example: stock.com

• Host the website in Amazon's EC2
• Provision new servers every day, and deprovision them every night
• Pay just $0.10 per server per hour, more
for higher-capacity servers
• Let Amazon worry about the hardware!


Times Solution

• Most companies don't WANT to do
system administration:
– Times Of India says:
• We are is a publishing company, not a software company

• But beware:
– Do you really save much on sys admin?
– You don't have the hardware, but you still need to
manage the OS!


Goal 3 - Stick to Our Business

• Virtual servers can still be referred to by their
function, e. g., email server and database server
• If the environment is built correctly, virtual
servers will not be affected by the loss of a host

• Hosts may be removed and introduced almost
at will to accommodate maintenance


The Virtual Server Concept

• SaaS is where an application is hosted as a service
provided to customers across the Internet.
– SaaS alleviates the burden of software maintenance/support,
but users relinquish control over software versions and
requirements.

• PaaS provides a computing platform and a solution
stack as a service.
– Consumer creates the software using tools and/or libraries
from the provider; also controls software deployment and
configuration settings.
– Cloud service provider provides the networks, servers,
storage, and other services.
44


SaaS and PaaS

• IaaS providers offer virtual machines, virtual-machine
image libraries, raw (block) and file-based storage,
firewalls, load balancers, IP addresses, VLANs, and
software bundles.
• Pools of hypervisors can scale services up and down
according to customers' varying requirements.

• All infrastructure is provided on-demand.


IaaS

Software as a
Service (SaaS)

Platform as a
Service (PaaS)

Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)

SalesForce
CRM
LotusLive
Google App
Engine

46
Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim


Cloud Service Models


Where is all of this?

• Everything sits in a Data Center, but not your Data Center
• $10 billion spent on electricity per year for data centers
• 3% of global energy use
• Clouds are the future of the way companies do business on
the Internet


Data Centers

• Virtualization of servers solves a lot of headaches when
deploying infrastructure and applications
• It allows servers to be backed up and moved around
seamlessly
• Migrating a server might allow an application speed to
increase, e. g., move to a faster machine
• Resizing (up or down) keeps costs proportional to business
model
• Model works for both private and public clouds (insourcing
or outsourcing)
• Cloud is easy to understand and a convenient way of
accessing infrastructure and services


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Virtualization & Cloud Demystified

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