1. Ana G. Mendez University System
School for Professional Studies
Florida Campuses
Turabo University
EDUC 580
Educational Psychology: Human Growth and Development
Professor: Carraballo
By: Iliana Sepulveda-Romero

2.  It is human to have a long
childhood; it is civilized to
have an even longer
childhood. Long childhood
makes a technical and
mental virtuos out of
man, but it also leaves a
life-long residue of
emotional immaturity in
him.
— Erik Homburger Erikson
(1902-1994)

3.  Ego Development Outcome: Trust vs. Mistrust
Basic strength: Drive and Hope
 Infancy as the Oral Sensory Stage (as anyone might
who watches a baby put everything in her mouth)
where the major emphasis is on the mother's
positive and loving care for the child, with a big
emphasis on visual contact and touch.
 Many studies of suicides and suicide attempts point
to the importance of the early years in developing
the basic belief that the world is trustworthy and that
every individual has a right to be here.

4.  Ego Development Outcome: Autonomy vs. Shame
Basic Strengths: Self-control, Courage, and Will
 During this stage we learn to master skills for ourselves.
Not only do we learn to walk, talk and feed ourselves, we
are learning finer motor development as well as the much
appreciated toilet training.
 Here we have the opportunity to build self-esteem and
autonomy as we gain more control over our bodies and
acquire new skills, learning right from wrong.
 "Terrible Two's" is our ability to use the powerful word
"NO!" It may be pain for parents, but it develops
important skills of the will.
 The most significant relationships are with parents.

5.  Ego Development Outcome: Initiative vs. Guilt
Basic Strength: Purpose
 During this period we experience a desire to copy the
adults around us and take initiative in creating play
situations. We make up stories with Barbie's and
Ken's, toy phones and miniature cars, playing out
roles in a trial universe, experimenting with the
blueprint for what we believe it means to be an adult.
We also begin to use that wonderful word for
exploring the world — "WHY?"

6.  Ego Development Outcome: Industry vs. Inferiority
Basic Strengths: Method and Competence
 During this stage, often called the Latency, we are
capable of learning, creating and accomplishing
numerous new skills and knowledge, thus developing
a sense of industry.
 This is also a very social stage of development and if
we experience unresolved feelings of inadequacy and
inferiority among our peers, we can have serious
problems in terms of competence and self-esteem.

7.  Ego Development Outcome: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Basic Strengths: Devotion and Fidelity
 Adolescence is a stage at which we are neither a child
nor an adult, life is definitely getting more complex as
we attempt to find our own identity, struggle with
social interactions, and grapple with moral issues.
 Our task is to discover who we are as individuals
separate from our family of origin and as members of
a wider society.

8.  Ego Development Outcome: Intimacy and Solidarity vs.
Isolation
Basic Strengths: Affiliation and Love
 In the initial stage of being an adult we seek one or more
companions and love. As we try to find mutually
satisfying relationships, primarily through marriage and
friends, we generally also begin to start a family, though
this age has been pushed back for many couples who
today don't start their families until their late thirties. If
negotiating this stage is successful, we can experience
intimacy on a deep level.

9.  Ego Development Outcome: Generativity vs. Self
absorption or Stagnation
Basic Strengths: Production and Care
 The middle age is when we tend to be occupied with
creative and meaningful work and with issues
surrounding our family.
 The significant task is to perpetuate culture and transmit
values of the culture through the family and working to
establish a stable environment. Strength comes through
care of others and production of something that
contributes to the betterment of society.

10.  Ego Development Outcome: Integrity vs. Despair
Basic Strengths: Wisdom
 Older adults often look back on lives with
happiness and are content, feeling fulfilled with a
deep sense that life has meaning and we've made a
contribution to life, a feeling integrity.
 Strength comes from a wisdom that the world is
very large and we now have a detached concern for
the whole of life, accepting death as the
completion of life.

11. Erikson's Freudian basic virtue and maladaptation / malignancy
psychosocial psycho- life stage / relationships / issues second named (potential negative outcome - one
crisis stages sexual strength (potential or the other - from unhelpful
(syntonic v stages positive outcomes experience during each crisis)
dystonic) from each crisis)
1. Trust v Oral infant / mother / feeding and being comforted, Hope and Drive Sensory Distortion / Withdrawal
Mistrust teething, sleeping
2. Autonomy v Anal toddler / parents / bodily functions, toilet training, Willpower and Self- Impulsivity / Compulsion
Shame & Doubt muscular control, walking Control
3. Initiative v Phallic preschool / family / exploration and discovery, Purpose and Ruthlessness / Inhibition
Guilt adventure and play Direction
4. Industry v Latency schoolchild / school, teachers, friends, neighbourhood Competence and Narrow Virtuosity / Inertia
Inferiority / achievement and accomplishment Method
5. Identity v Puberty adolescent / peers, groups, influences / resolving Fidelity and Fanaticism / Repudiation
Role Confusion and identity and direction, becoming a grown-up Devotion
Genitality
6. Intimacy v (Genitality) young adult / lovers, friends, work connections / Love and Affiliation Promiscuity / Exclusivity
Isolation intimate relationships, work and social life
7. Generativity v n/a mid-adult / children, community / 'giving back', Care and Production Overextension / Rejectivity
Stagnation helping, contributing
8. Integrity v n/a late adult / society, the world, life / meaning and Wisdom and Presumption / Disdain
Despair purpose, life achievements Renunciation

12. Psychosocial Crisis Stage Life Stage age range, other descriptions
1. Trust v Mistrust Infancy 0-1½ yrs, baby, birth to walking
2. Autonomy v Shame and Doubt Early Childhood 1-3 yrs, toddler, toilet training
3. Initiative v Guilt Play Age 3-6 yrs, pre-school, nursery
4. Industry v Inferiority School Age 5-12 yrs, early school
5. Identity v Role Confusion Adolescence 9-18 yrs, puberty, teens*
6. Intimacy v Isolation Young Adult 18-40, courting, early parenthood
7. Generativity v Stagnation Adulthood 30-65, middle age, parenting
8. Integrity v Despair Mature Age 50+, old age, grandparents

13. life stage / relationships / issues crisis virtue outcomes Erikson's 'related Maslow Hierarchy of Needs
elements of social stage - primary correlation
order'
infant / mother / feeding and being comforted, 1. Trust v Hope & Drive 'cosmic order' biological & physiological
teething, sleeping Mistrust
toddler / parents / bodily functions, toilet training, Willpower & Self- 'law and order' safety
muscular control, walking 2. Autonomy v Control
Shame & Doubt
preschool / family / exploration and discovery, 3. Initiative v Purpose & 'ideal prototypes' belongingness & love
adventure and play Guilt Direction
schoolchild / school, teachers, friends, 4. Industry v Competence & 'technological esteem
neighbourhood / achievement and accomplishment Inferiority Method elements'
adolescent / peers, groups, influences / resolving 5. Identity v Role Fidelity & Devotion 'ideological esteem
identity and direction, becoming a grown-up Confusion perspectives'
young adult / lovers, friends, work connections / 6. Intimacy v Love & Affiliation 'patterns of esteem
intimate relationships, work and social life Isolation cooperation and
competition'
mid-adult / children, community / 'giving back', 7. Generativity v Care & Production 'currents of education self-actualisation
helping, contributing Stagnation and training'
late adult / society, the world, life / meaning and 8. Integrity v Wisdom & 'wisdom' self-actualisation
purpose, life achievements, acceptance Despair Renunciation

14. 1. Infancy as the Oral Sensory Stage where the major emphasis is on the Father’s
positive and loving care for the child, with a big emphasis on visual contact and
touch.
2. Play Age: during this stage we learn to master skills for ourselves. Not only do we
learn to walk, talk and feed ourselves, we are learning finer motor development as
well as the much appreciated toilet training.
3. School Age: most significant relationship is with the school and neighbourhood.
4. It is no surprise in the young adulthood stage the most significant relationships are
with peer groups.
5. Young Adulthood 18 to 35 basic strengths is affiliation and love.
6. Late Adulthood: the significant task is to perpetuate culture and transmit values of
the culture through the family (taming the kids) and working to establish a stable
environment.
7. Older adults often look back on lives with happiness and are content, feeling
fulfilled with a deep sense that life has meaning and we've made a contribution to
life, a feeling integrity.
8. Autonomy v Shame and Doubt /Early Childhood 1-3 yrs: toddler, toilet training.
9. Early childhood most significant relationships are with parents.
10. Human stages of growth and development are differentiated by age and key
stages of scientifically supported psychomotor development.

15. 1. Infancy as the Oral Sensory Stage where the major emphasis is on the Father’s
positive and loving care for the child, with a big emphasis on visual contact and
touch. (False is mother’s)
2. Play Age: during this stage we learn to master skills for ourselves. Not only do we
learn to walk, talk and feed ourselves, we are learning finer motor development
as well as the much appreciated toilet training. (False is early childhood )
3. School Age: most significant relationship is with the school and neighbourhood.
(True)
4. It is no surprise in the young adulthood stage the most significant relationships
are with peer groups. (False is adolescence)
5. Young Adulthood 18 to 35 basic strengths is affiliation and love. (True)
6. Late Adulthood: the significant task is to perpetuate culture and transmit values
of the culture through the family (taming the kids) and working to establish a
stable environment. (False is middle adulthood )
7. Older adults often look back on lives with happiness and are content, feeling
fulfilled with a deep sense that life has meaning and we've made a contribution to
life, a feeling integrity. (True)
8. Autonomy v Shame and Doubt /Early Childhood 1-3 yrs: toddler, toilet training.
(True)
9. Early childhood most significant relationships are with parents. (True)
10. Human stages of growth and development are differentiated by age and key
stages of scientifically supported psychomotor development. (True)

16.  http://www.support4change.com/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=47&Ite
mid=108