2. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory:
This theory is a classical depiction of human
motivation. This theory is based on the
assumption that there is a hierarchy of five
needs within each individual. it starts with
the fundamental means of survival: food,
clothing, shelter, and safety.
3. ORIGIN:
Abraham Maslow is well
renowned for proposing
the Hierarchy of Needs
Theory in 1943.
Abraham Harold Maslow
(April 1, 1908 – June 8,
1970)
4. According to Maslow, human behavior is
related to his needs. It is adjusted as per the
nature of needs to be satisfied. In hierarchy
of needs theory of motivation, Maslow
identified five types of human need arranged
in a hierarchy of their importance and
priority. He concluded that when one set of
needs is satisfied, it ceases to be a motivating
factor.
5. These five needs are as follows:
1) Physiological needs
2) Safety needs
3) Social needs
4) Self-Esteem
5) Self-actualization
6. Physiological needs:
These are the basic needs of air,
water, food, clothing and shelter. In
other words, physiological needs are
the needs for basic amenities of life.
These basic human needs (also
called as biological needs) lie at the
lowest level in the hierarchy of
needs as they have priority over all
other needs.
7. SAFETY NEEDS:
These are the needs connected with
psychological fear of loss of job, property,
natural calamities or hazards, etc. An
employee wants and needs protection
from such types of fear. He prefers
adequate safety and security in this regard
i.e. protection from physical danger,
security of job, pension at old age,
insurance coverage for life, etc.
8. SOCIAL NEEDS:
An employee is a human being is
rightly treated as social animal. He
desires or likes to stay in group.
Human being feels that he should
belong to one or the other group and
the member of the group should
accept him with the love and affection.
9. SELF-ESTEEM:
Esteem needs are of two types:
internal esteem needs (self-
respect, confidence, competence,
achievement and freedom) and
external esteem needs
(recognition, power, status,
attention and admiration).
10. SELF-ACTUALIZATION:
Self actualisation is the desire to become
what one is capable of becoming. It is
the 'growth' need. A worker must work
efficiently if he is to be ultimately happy.
