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Materiais
Prof.(a) Ievgeniia
O que são os materiais?
 São compostos de matéria (substâncias)
que, à temperatura ambiente (20º), podem
estar na natureza nos 3 estados:
 Estado sólido: Ex: Ferro
 Estado líquido: EX: Água
 Estado gasoso: EX: Oxigénio
Materiais
Materiais
Naturais Artificiais
Materiais Naturais
Materiais Artificiais
 São obtidos por processos de transformação
das matérias-primas.
 Ex: Plásticos, ligas metálicas, papel, vidro,
etc.
Matériais-primas e materiais
 Matérias- primas são produtos que necessitam de ser alterados para se
obterem os materiais.
 Com os materiais já podemos fabricar ou construir objetos úteis.
ObjetoMaterialMatéria-primaMatéria-primaMatéria-prima
Características Gerais dos
Materiais
Características Gerais dos
Materiais
 Mecânicas – As propriedades mecânicas são
comportamentos (respostas) características
dos materiais quando sujeitos a forças
externas e a sua capacidade de resistir a
esses esforços sem se partir ou deformar ex:
choque e vibração.
 Físicas e químicas – são aquelas que
caracterizam a estrutura interna do material
Flexibilidade
Propriedade que um material tem de dobrar
quando submetido a forças exteriores e não
partir.
Plasticidade
 Qualidade do material de poder ser
moldado.
 Há materiais que alteram a sua forma inicial,
a quente ou a frio.
Elasticidade
A propriedade que certos materiais têm
quando sujeitos a uma força exterior se
podem deformar, voltando à forma inicial
logo que essa força deixe de atuar.
Dureza...
 É a capacidade de um material "riscar" o
outro
Materiais
Metais
Madeiras
Plásticos
Vidro e cerâmica
Fibras Têxteis
Metais
Metais
Metais são corpos minerais
simples que se encontram
em camadas do solo e
subsolo.
São extraídos das minas e
tratados, sendo depois
transportados para os locais
de transformação.
Exemplos de aplicação – Metais
simples
Exemplos de aplicação Ligas
Metálicas
Nanomateriais

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Ciencia dos Materiais aula 1