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1. Values
Beliefs
Ethics
Morals
and
Behaviours
Ian F. Lewis FRSA and Dr K. B. Everard © 2004-2010
For further discussion and/or additional slides: ian@lifecollege.org
Ian F. Lewis FRSA ©March
2010 www.lifecollege.org 1

2. From whence cometh our behaviour?
BELIEFS VALUES
(Statements of personal conviction) (Prized principles of worth)
OPINIONS
(Personal judgments derived from interpretation of beliefs and values)
values)
ATTITUDES
(Predispositions based on opinions and feelings)
BEHAVIOUR
(Response to any situation)
A working model of the predispositions generating behaviour [Dr Everard ‘Values’ 04]
For further discussion and/or additional slides: ian@lifecollege.org
Ian F. Lewis FRSA ©March
2010 www.lifecollege.org 2

3. A Hierarchy of Values
Spiritual
Self-transcendence, serenity, higher purpose,
acceptance, wonder, gratitude, hope, humility,
gentleness, wisdom, commitment, self-motivation
Socio-political
Peace, harmony, justice, equality, freedom, due process, tolerance, participation,
co-operation, community, service, loyalty, citizenship, stewardship, sustainability
Moral
Responsibility, courage, self-discipline, reliability, truthfulness, honesty, fidelity, fairness,
unselfishness, kindness, generosity
Personal Capability
Leadership, teamwork, decision-making, endeavour, challenge, dealing with the unknown, self-
development
Human
Self-awareness, happiness, sense of humour, friendship, love, compassion, caring, respect for
others, belonging
Basic
Survival, health, self-respect, trust
Foundation
Freewill, self-responsibility, autonomy, integrity, freedom to choose one’s own values
A Hierarchy of Values [for UN/UNESCO Lewis, 2004 ]
For further discussion and/or additional slides: ian@lifecollege.org
Ian F. Lewis FRSA ©March
2010 www.lifecollege.org 3

4. Comment:
• This is shown as a hierarchy, but progression tends to
be piecemeal – values are developed according to
experiences and situations.
• There are many other hierarchical models, e.g., Kölberg,
Piaget.
• Individual, societal and family experiences will be key
drivers forming ethical behaviours, but situation
frequently dictates actual behaviours.
• The true test of authenticity is that situation does not
change ethics.
• For further discussion and/or additional slides:
ian@lifecollege.org
Ian F. Lewis FRSA ©March
2010 www.lifecollege.org 4