3. Teacher may...
Motivate students through activities that may increase their interest
(book talks, dramatic readings, displays of art related to the text), making
the text relevant to students in some way.
Activate student’s background knowledge important to the content of
the text by discussing what students will read and what they already know
about its topic and about the text organization
BEFORE READING
4. Students may...
Establish the purpose of the reading
Identify and discuss difficult words, phrases, and concepts in the
text
Preview the text (by survey the title, illustrations, and unusual text
structures) to make predictions about its content
Think, talk and write about the topic of the text.
BEFORE READING
5. Teacher may…
Remind students to use comprehension strategies as they read
and monitor their understanding
Ask questions that keep students on track and focus their
attention on main ideas and important points in the text.
DURING READING
6. Focus attention on arts in a text that require students to make
inferences.
Call on students to summarize key sections or events
Encourage students to return to any predictions they have made
before reading to see if they are confirmed by the text
DURING READING
7. Students may…
Determine and summarize important ideas and supportive
details.
Make connections between and among important ideas in the
text.
Integrate new ideas with existing background knowledge.
DURING READING
8. Ask themselves questions about the text.
Sequence events and ideas in the text.
Offer interpretations of and responses to the text.
Check understanding by paraphrasing or restating important
and/or difficult sentences and paragraphs.
Visualize characters, setting, or events in a text.
DURING READING
9. Teacher may…
Guide discussion of the reading.
Ask students to recall and tell in their own words, important parts
of the text.
Offer students opportunities to respond to the reading in various
ways, including through writing, dramatic plays, music, reader’s
theater, videos, debate, or pantomime.
AFTER READING
10. Students may…
Evaluate and discuss the ideas encountered in the text.
Apply and extend these ideas to other texts and real-life
situations
Summarize what was read by retelling the main ideas.
Discuss ideas for further reading.
AFTER READING
12. Involves having students orally
reconstruct a story that they have
read.
Requires students to activate their
knowledge of how stories work and
apply it to the new reading
Students engage in ordering and
summarizing information and in
making inferences.
Assess how well students
comprehend a story, then use the
information to help students develop
a deeper understanding of what they
have read.
RETELLING
14. Identify and retell the beginning, middle and end of a story in
order
Describe the setting
Identify the problem and the resolution of a problem
SIMPLE RETELLING
15. Identify and retell events and facts in a sequence
Make inferences to fill in missing information
Identify and retell causes of actions or events and their effects
MORE COMPLETE RETELLING
16. Identify and retell a sequence of actions or events
Make inferences to account for events or actions
Offer an evaluation of the story
MOST COMPLETE RETELLING
17. These are visual
representations of the
elements that make up a
narrative.
STORY MAPS
The purpose is to help
students focus on the
important elements of
narrative-theme, characters,
settings, problems, plot
events, and resolution and on
the relationship among those
elements..
18. These are visual representations that focus students’ attention on
the structure of a story and on how the content of the story fits its
structure.
Students use story frames as a way to activate their background
knowledge of the elements of story structure and thus to organize
and learn new information from a story.
STORY FRAMES
19. K-W-L The purpose is to help students become good readers by
learning to do the things that good readers do.
It helps students learn to activate their background knowledge and
to set purposes for reading.
KWL stands for determining What I Know, What I Want to Learn,
and reviewing What I Have Learned.
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES FOR USE WITH EXPOSITORY TEXT
20. What I Know – students discuss what they already know about a topic in
the text they will be reading.
What I Want to Learn – students discuss what they want to learn from
reading the text and write down specific questions that they think may be
answered in the text.
What I Learned – after reading the text, students discuss what they
learned from it.
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES FOR USE WITH EXPOSITORY TEXT
