Genes In Space: A National STEM Competition Launching DNA Experiments to the ISS

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The Genes in Space competition challenges students in 7-12th grades to design an experiment that can solve a space exploration problem through DNA analysis. This session will present the results from last year's winning experiment that tested the polymerase chain reaction to study epigenetic changes aboard the ISS.

Ciências

#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 2
Agenda
8:05 Genes in Space Overview Scott Copeland, Boeing
8:10 PCR Science & Technology Ezequiel Alvarez Saavedra Ph.D., miniPCR
8:15 My Experiment in Space Anna-Sophia Boguraev, 2015 Winner

#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 3
An idea is born on
Boston Drydock

#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 4
Genes in Space

#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 7
DNA Technology has transformed our world
PCR
Text
Text
Forensics
Food and
agriculture
Consumer
genomics
Molecular
diagnostics
Personalized
medicine
Human
evolution
Text Text
Text
Text

#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 8
7-12th graders explore a real-world question

#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 9
miniPCR: Part of the Space Exploration toolkit

#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 10
If I were an
astronaut…

#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 11
Spaceflight impairs astronauts’ immune response
• Overall immune depression
• Decreased Interferonγ (Ifnγ):Interlukin-10 (IL-10) ratio
 T-helper 2 (Th2) shift
Naïve CD4+
Precursor
Th1
Th2
Promotes Cell-Mediated Immunity:
lFNγ
IL-2
TNFβ
Promotes Humoral Immunity:
IL-4
IL-10
IL-6
Background

#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 12
Background
Epigenetics: external DNA modifications
DNA methylation
• CG dinucleotides
Source: http://www-medchem.ch.cam.ac.uk/lab_rotations/murrell.php

#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 13
Promoter DNA methylation silences gene transcription
DNA methylation aids Th cell differentiation
Previous research indicated spaceflight-associated changes in
DNA methylation
Naïve CD4+
Precursor
Th1
Th2
CNS-6 INFγ
IL-4 P1 IL-4
CNS-6 INFγ
IL-4 P1 IL-4
CNS-6 INFγ
IL-4 P1 IL-4
Background

#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 14
Can we amplify DNA in space?
Can we amplify bisulfite converted DNA in space?
Can we use these techniques to assay immune related genes?
Goals

#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 15
Results

#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 18
Lateral gene
transfer in bacterial
biofilms, MA
2016 Genes in Space Finalists
Measuring telomere
length, NY
Genetic drift in
microgravity, OK
Viral reactivation
during spaceflight,
MA
Monitor oxidative
stress on-orbit, MI

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Genes In Space: A National STEM Competition Launching DNA Experiments to the ISS

1. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 1

2. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 2 Agenda 8:05 Genes in Space Overview Scott Copeland, Boeing 8:10 PCR Science & Technology Ezequiel Alvarez Saavedra Ph.D., miniPCR 8:15 My Experiment in Space Anna-Sophia Boguraev, 2015 Winner

3. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 3 An idea is born on Boston Drydock

4. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 4 Genes in Space

5. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 5

6. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 6

7. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 7 DNA Technology has transformed our world PCR Text Text Forensics Food and agriculture Consumer genomics Molecular diagnostics Personalized medicine Human evolution Text Text Text Text

8. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 8 7-12th graders explore a real-world question

9. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 9 miniPCR: Part of the Space Exploration toolkit

10. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 10 If I were an astronaut…

11. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 11 Spaceflight impairs astronauts’ immune response • Overall immune depression • Decreased Interferonγ (Ifnγ):Interlukin-10 (IL-10) ratio  T-helper 2 (Th2) shift Naïve CD4+ Precursor Th1 Th2 Promotes Cell-Mediated Immunity: lFNγ IL-2 TNFβ Promotes Humoral Immunity: IL-4 IL-10 IL-6 Background

12. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 12 Background Epigenetics: external DNA modifications DNA methylation • CG dinucleotides Source: http://www-medchem.ch.cam.ac.uk/lab_rotations/murrell.php

13. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 13 Promoter DNA methylation silences gene transcription DNA methylation aids Th cell differentiation Previous research indicated spaceflight-associated changes in DNA methylation Naïve CD4+ Precursor Th1 Th2 CNS-6 INFγ IL-4 P1 IL-4 CNS-6 INFγ IL-4 P1 IL-4 CNS-6 INFγ IL-4 P1 IL-4 Background

14. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 14 Can we amplify DNA in space? Can we amplify bisulfite converted DNA in space? Can we use these techniques to assay immune related genes? Goals

15. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 15 Results

16. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 16

17. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 17

18. #GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 18 Lateral gene transfer in bacterial biofilms, MA 2016 Genes in Space Finalists Measuring telomere length, NY Genetic drift in microgravity, OK Viral reactivation during spaceflight, MA Monitor oxidative stress on-orbit, MI

Genes In Space: A National STEM Competition Launching DNA Experiments to the ISS

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