RDA in the wilder world: workshop on serials

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RDA in the wilder world
Workshop on Serials
Satellite conference “RDA in the wider world”
OCLC, Dublin (Ohio, USA), August 11th, 2016
Clément Oury
ISSN International Centre
clement.oury <at> issn.org
@ISSN_IC

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Objectives of the workshop
“Every knowledge is an answer to a question”
Gaston Bachelard, The building of scientific mind, 1938
Workshop on Serials - Clément Oury - IFLA Satellite meeting "RDA in the wider world" - Dublin, Ohio - August 11th, 2016

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Objectives of the workshop
- Identify set / families of issues for serials cataloguing in RDA
- Identify and list the current practices
• Preferably with real examples
- Issues to be discussed
• Modelling serials in an FRBR/RDA context
• Internationalization of RDA: the serials and ISSN case
• The changing nature of serials
• Serial publications and linked data

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Serials have many issues!
- Serials and other continuing resources have specificities
• A specific granularity: a record, multiple issues (not mentioning the articles!)
• Many evolutions through time…
• … of any kind: other editions, mergers, splits, cessations, resurrections…
• …that cannot be anticipated!
- A massive switch to digital publishing
• Users now generally access serials online: newspapers as well as scholarly publications
- Serials are international
• Country of publication often changes
- Serials are complex objects… hence they are not the favourite resources
for model designers!

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Modelling serials in an FRBR/RDA context
RDA is consistent with FRBR…
But is FRBR consistent with serials?

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Does FRBR model fit well with serial publications?
- FRBR Final report, 1998:
• “Certain aspects of the model merit more detailed examination (…). In
particular, the notion of “seriality” and the dynamic nature of entities recorded
in digital formats merit further analysis”.
- Example of FRBRER modelling: The Wall Street Journal as a serial
work
• Eastern and Western editions as two distinct expressions of that same work.
- FRBROO / PRESSOO: a radically different approach
• Each title is a work in its own right
- So how to model work/expression/manifestation?

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FRBR-LRM and Serials
- FRBR-LRM (Draft as of July 2016):
• “The description of serials is particularly difficult to model, because it does not
limit itself to a description of the past, but is also intended to allow end-users to
make assumptions about what the behaviour of a serial will be in at least the
near future”.
- “It ensues that any serial work can be said to have only one
expression and only one manifestation”… Really?
• Different expression: serial title A’ is a different language edition of title A
• Different manifestation: digital edition of serial title B is the strict equivalent of
the printed edition
• It may be true… but for how long?
- No collocation for serial publications?
• Except for ceased ones?

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FRBR… and ISSN
- ISSN: an independent set of principles and rules
• The basis: ISSN standard, ISO 3297:2007
• A dedicated body of instructions: ISSN Manual (aligned on ISBD rules)
• Official liaisons between ISSN, ISBD and RDA
- ISSN: two levels
• ISSN-L: a serial title, whatever the carrier
• ISSN: a serial title on a specific carrier (printed / digital on media / online)
• Other (regional, linguistic…) editions are distinguished titles with different
ISSN

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Œuvre
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Item
Manifestation Item
Item
Expression Manifestation Item
FRBR and ISSN models
ISSN
ISSN
ISSN-L

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Key-title: an old-fashioned AAP?
- Key-title: the second identifier of a serial title
• Unique and strictly linked to the ISSN number
• Similar to the title proper if title proper is unique in the Register
• Otherwise, a qualifier is added (sometimes several)
o E.g.: Libération (Paris. 1940. Reproduction numérique) [ISSN 2420-5907]
- Rules to select the qualifier are pretty strict
• Place/date of publication; language/geographic/medium edition statement;
issuing body/publisher
- Main issue relies in identification of major/minor title change
- Note: ISSN Register does not manage authority records
• And thus discard any MARC21 [1XX] field in records provided by National
Centres

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Building AAP for Serial works/expressions
- Importance of the “creator” field to design work AAPs
• In 2010, only 20% of serial records have creators (almost only corporate bodies)
- Different solutions
• [1XX] + [245] if title has a creator and title is unique
• [1XX] + [240] if title has a creator and title is not unique
o What qualifier to use?
• [245] if no creator and title is unique
• [130] if no creator and title is not unique
- Language translations are expressions
• Use of $l in [240] or [130]
- Geographic editions are separate works (use of a qualifier in parenthesis)

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Questions for the focus group
- How to create AAP for serial titles?
- Is collocation possible for serial titles?
- What relationship / difference / concurrence (!) between RDA
AAP and ISSN key-title?
- Should the ISSN system be revised to better address FRBR
issues?
• Should a “meta-ISSN” for a family of titles be designed?

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Serials, RDA and internationalization

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The ISSN: a dedicated network for continuing
resources
- ISSN: standard and network created in 1975
- An identifier for all kind of continuing resources
- A decentralized assignment process
• 89 National Centres
• Assignment associated to the production of a reference bibliographic record
- A unique point of access to ISSN information: the ISSN Register
• Maintained and distributed by the ISSN International Centre
- Around 1.9 million records
• With an increase of 75,000 / year (30% for online resources)

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The ISSN network today

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ISSN Network and RDA
- Within the Network: every level of adoption (or non-adoption)
of RDA
• 12 countries sending records with 336-338 and/or 264 fields
- ISSN Manual regularly updated to adapt to RDA practices
• ISBD remains the underlying standard
• But some fields are added: e.g. content/media/carrier types
• And some exceptions when RDA and ISSN rules conflict (e.g. for
abbreviations)

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Publishers and serials records
- Online publication have let publishers to be more involved in metadata
management
- RDA/ONIX framework: a point a cooperation between publishers and
libraries
- Publishers and/or access providers (discovery tools, etc.) may provide
records to libraries
• And/or information on articles
- Libraries may retrieve bibliographic records from libraries in other
countries
• Hence following other bibliographic standards
• Within the ISSN network: transfer of record responsibility when the nationality of the
publisher changes

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- About relationship with publishers / service providers
• What kind of records do they provide?
• Is possible to retrieve them in your catalogues? What conflict with RDA
standards?
• How do you manage article information?
- About ISSN data
• Do you use ISSN data / do you retrieve information from the Register?

1919
The changing nature of serials

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The universe of continuing resources
Continuing resources
“Publication, in any medium, that is issued over time with no predetermined conclusion”
Serials
“Continuing resource in any medium, issued in a succession of discrete parts, usually
bearing numbering, that has no predetermined conclusion”
Newspapers Magazines
Scholarly
journals
Monographic
series
Annual
reports
Blogs
Ongoing Integrating resources
“Resources that are updated over time and
with no predetermined conclusion, for which
the updates are integrated into the
resources and do not remain discrete”
Websites Databases
Loose-leaf
publications
ISSN manual 0.2, section 0.2

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Fuzzy borders
- Theoretically, it is simple
• Serials and ongoing integrating resources are applied the same rules
• Except that description is based on the latest iteration
o Use of [247] field in MARC21 to record earlier titles
• And that changes do not result in a new records
o By the way, it’s not consistent with ISSN rules!
- Practically, it is a bit more challenging
• Some resources are hybrid, e.g. newspaper websites
• Some resources change: an online serial evolves into a database
• Which leads to inconsistencies: a serial resource on print may be linked to an
ongoing integrating resource online

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- How to distinguish between serials and ongoing integrating
resources?
• And how to manage “hybrid” material?
- How to catalogue ongoing integrating resources?
• And records the title/creator changes?
- How to catalogue new kinds of documents (if any)?
• Databases? Websites? Blogs?

2323
Serial publications and linked data

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PRESSOO: an ontology for continuing resources
- FRBROO: object-oriented version of FRBR
- PRESSOO : FRBROO for serials and other continuing resources
• “An ontology which aims to represent the underlying semantics of
bibliographic information about continuing resources, and more specifically
about periodicals”
- FRBROO chosen as the reference standard
• For its object-oriented approach: convenient for linked data
• More suitable than FRBRER to express the dynamic nature of serials
• As it allows interoperability with other cultural fields (as a CIDOC-CRM
extension).
ISSN: Transitioning to linked data - Clément Oury - IFLA satellite conference "Data in libraries" - Chicago - August 10th, 2016

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Addressing the specific issues of continuing resources
- A specialized data model to represent serials and ongoing
resources
• “features” (frequency, medium...)
• changes that affect them over the time (continuations, absorptions,
splits...)
• relationships they can have with other serials (linguistic editions...)
- Prepared by ISSN IC and the BnF
• Endorsed by IFLA cataloguing section and intended to become an
IFLA standard

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How to use PRESSOO?
- High-level model against which practical rules should be assessed
• E.g. examination of PRESSOO by RDA WG on Aggregates
- A “toolbox”: a complete set of classes of properties to describe
continuing resources
• Which are derived from the ISSN Manual
• Suitable for object-centric and event-centric modelling
- A complete ontology to publish a linked dataset
• In conjunction with CIDOC-CRM and FRBROO
• As experimented in ROAD

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PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015
A continuing resource
still being publishing
according to PRESSOO

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PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015
Periodical, issue,
article in PRESSOO

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The RDAAggregates Working Group
- An aggregate: “a manifestation embodying multiple distinct expressions”
• A very wide range of resources: augmentations, parallel editions, anthologies… and
continuing resources
- RDA AWG:
• Better distinguish aggregate resources (is it different from whole/part resources?)
• Review the modelling proposed in the Final report of the RDA WG on Aggregates
and in FRBROO (and look at draft FRBR-LRM)
• Check compliance of current RDA rules – notably the creation of AAP for expressions
• Potentially propose new relationships to face identified issues

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- Does your institution publish bibliographic information as
linked data?
• If yes, is information on serials included?
- What models/standards/formats are in use?
• And how are serials modelled?
- Is this information re-used by third parties?
• And how? What is your feedback?

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Thank you for your participation!

RDA in the wilder world: workshop on serials

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