Purpose of the Presentation : To overview referencing practice in research To explain Why it is necessary to cite the sources we use to support what we write in our papers; and To explain How to cite these sources in correct styles.

1. Citing and
Referencing
MR. IQBAL SAUJAN
Temp. Asst. Lecturer in Islamic Law & Legislation
Department of Islamic Studies, FIA
savjaniqbal@seu.ac.lk

2. Purpose of the Presentation
1. To overview referencing practice in research
2. To explain Why it is necessary to cite the sources we
use to support what we write in our papers; and
3. To explain How to cite these sources in correct styles.
Citing and Referencing 2

3. Plagiarism
❖ To use the words or ideas of another person as if
they were your own words or ideas
❖ To steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another)
as one’s own: use (another’s production) without
crediting the source
❖ To commit literary theft: present as new and original
an idea or product derived from an existing source.
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4. What does plagiarism look
like?
1. Copying someone’s work
2. Citing a source improperly
3. Failure to cite a source
4. Creation of false sources
5. Turning in another person’s work as
your own
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5. Why Students Plagiarized?
1. Not enough time to complete the task
2. Laziness
3. Lack of fundamental research skills
4. Careless research methods (e.g. failing
to document sources used during the
research process)
5. A fear that one’s own academic
abilities are not adequate, leading one
to seek a superior product.
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6. Consequences / Punishment
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1. Destroyed Student Reputation.
Plagiarism allegations can cause a
student to be suspended or expelled.
2. Destroyed Professional Reputation.
3. Destroyed Academic Reputation.
4. Legal Repercussions.
5. Monetary Repercussions.
6. Plagiarized Research.

7. Continue…
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8. Continue…
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9. Continue…
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10. How to avoid plagiarism
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1. Summarize
2. Cite sources
3. Include quotations
4. Paraphrase
5. Present your own idea
6. Use a plagiarism checker

11. What are citing &
referencing
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12. Citing
❖ Notating when you quote, paraphrase, use an idea, or
summaries from someone else
❖ gives the reader the original source
❖ It also gives the reader necessary information to find the
source again including:
❖ information about the author,
❖ the title of the work
❖ the name and location of the company that published the
copy of the source
❖ the date of the copy was published and;
❖ the page number of the material.
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13. Presentation title 13
Referencing
❖ Reference is the detailed description of the document
from which the information has obtained
❖ A reference is required if anyone:
❖ Quote 9use someone else's exact words)
❖ Copy (Use figures, tables or structure)
❖ Paraphrase (Convert someone else's ideas into our own words)
❖ Summarize (use a brief account of someone else’s ideas)
❖ Creating a list of sources you have cited
❖ different from a bibliography, which also includes sources
you read but did not use directly in writing your text

14. Why Reference?
❖Proves that substantial research has been done to support our
analysis
❖Enables others to follow up on our work
❖Gives credit to other people’s work
❖Required to support all significant statements
❖Used to indicate the origin of material & source for research &
further reading.
❖To avoid charges of plagiarism
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15. When and what to cite
❖Within & at the end of the text when you use ideas from, or
refer to, another person’s work.
➢ Applies to: facts, figures, ideas & theories
➢ From: books, journal, internet, vidéos, lecture notes etc.
➢ Exception: common knowledge
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16. How to cite – Method vs Style
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Method
1. Harvard method, in-text
(author, date)
2. Footnotes
3. endnotes
Style
1. APA (American Psychological Association)
2. Chicago
3. MLA (Modern Language Association Citation
Style)
4. Harvard
5. OSCOLA
Check your department’s requirements – website, Moodle or handbook.
E.g: Harvard method ≠ Harvard style

17. APA Style of Referencing
❖Used primarily in the Social Sciences
❖Single spaces separate each element
❖Citations are arranged alphabetically by authors’ last names
❖Works by the same author are in alphabetical order
❖If the author is unknown, alphabetization is by the first word
of the title
❖Only the first letter of the first word of articles is capitalized
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18. MLA Style of Referencing
❖Developed as a means for researchers, students, and scholars
in the literature and language fields to use a uniform way to
format their papers and assignments
❖Consistent method to developing a MLA paper or assignment
allows for easy reading.
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19. Chicago Style of Referencing
❖Chicago is sometimes referred to as Turabian or Chicago/
Turabian
❖It is used mainly in the social sciences, including history,
Political Studies, and theology.
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21. Books example
APA
➢ In-text: (Bryson, 1995, pp. 12-15) or (Bryson, 1995)
➢ Reference: Bryson, B. (1995). Notes from a small island. London,
England: Black Swan.
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Chicago
➢ In-text: (Bryson 1995, 12-15) or (Bryson 1995)
➢ Reference: : Bryson, Bill. 1995. Notes From a Small Island. London :
Black Swan.

22. Journals example
APA
➢ In-text: (Secker, 1997, p. 56) or (Secker, 1997)
➢ Reference: Secker, J. (1997). The digital library: A new perspective.
Journal of Documentation, 13(2), 53-65.
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Chicago
➢ In-text: (Secker 1997, 56) or (Secker 1997)
➢ Reference: Secker, Jane. 1997. “The Digital Library: A New
Perspective.” Journal of Documentation 13(2):53-65.

23. Referencing Guides
APA 7th Edition:
https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-
examples.pdf
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Chicago 17th Edition
https://www.mvcc.edu/learning-
commons/pdf/Chicago_Manual_of_Style_17_Notes_and_Bibliograph
y.pdf

24. Reference management tools
❖Could help you be consistent and accurate when citing by:
❖storing and organising your references
❖…and building a reference list as you write your text.
➢ EndNote
➢ Mendeley
➢ RefME
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25. Mendeley
Download via : https://www.mendeley.com/?interaction_required=true
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26. Thank you
MR. IQBAL SAUJAN
Temp. Asst. Lecturer in Islamic Law & Legislation
Department of Islamic Studies, FIA
savjaniqbal@seu.ac.lk