Presented by Lucy Lapar at the Smallholder Pigs Value Chain Strategy and Implementation Planning Meeting, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak, Vietnam, 25-26 September 2014

1. Livestock and Fish Vietnam smallholder pigs value
chain: What has been achieved
Lucy Lapar
Smallholder pigs value chain strategy and implementation planning meeting
Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak, Vietnam
25-26 September 2014

2. Achievements in Vietnam
• Research on smallholder competitiveness and
market access helped bring livestock policy focus
back to issues around small producers
• Shaping livestock sector policymaking through
policy advocacy carried out by partners
• Partnerships across a range of institutions from
government, universities, research institutes,
civil society, development partners
• Capacity development through internships and
graduate students

3. Projects / activities linked to L&F
• REVALTER (CIRAD) – systems analysis of potential
livestock development scenarios in Vietnam – Dong Nai
• Management of indigenous pigs and poultry in Vietnam
(GEF, NIAS, MARD) – Son La
• Situation analysis and scoping of Vietnam pig VC
constraints and opportunities (HUA, TNU, CIAT)
• Reviews – feed technology (IASVN); lab inventory (HSPH)
• Vietnam pig sector model updating (CAP) - continuing
• VC assessment on breeding and genetics (NIAS) - 2014
• Pig Risk Project (ACIAR-funded, 2012-2017) – animal
health/zoonosis (link with A4NH)

4. Components and actual outputs for Vietnam Value chain
1 Site selection completed
2 Rapid VC Assessments; focus on animal health and food
safety
3 In depth assessments; focus on animal health and food
safety
4 Situation analysis
5 Value Chain scoping study, central highlands
6 Review of pig feed technologies
7 Lab inventory review (pig disease and zoonoses)
8 Updated pig sector model
9 SD Framework developed for VC performance
assessment (to be used for evaluating effects of food
safety interventions on VC performance)
10 Impact pathway (narrative)

5. Site selection completed:
Northern cluster (Son La, Hoa Binh,
Nghe An, Thanh Hoa)
Southern cluster (Dak Lak, Dak Nong,
Lam Dong, Dong Nai)

6. Provinces
Selected
in two clusters
- North
- South
Criteria:
• Pig density
• Poverty
• Market
access
Orange and Hatched: Provinces
listed under both R2R/R2U and
U2U
Orange: Provinces listed under
R2R/ R2U
Hatched: Provinces listed
under U2U

7. VC assessments:
• Nghe An (ACIAR-funded Pig Risk
Project); Rural – Rural and Rural –
Periurban/Urban VC gradients
• Dak Lak and Dak Nong (L&F seed
fund)

8. Characterizing pig value chains in Vietnam:
descriptive analysis from survey data Duong Nam Ha1, Nguyen Thi Thu Huyen1, Ninh Xuan Trung1, Tran Van Long1, Nguyen Anh Duc1, Vu Khac Xuan1, Nguyen Thi Duong
Nga1, Pham Van Hung1, Fred Unger2, Karl M. Rich3, Lucy Lapar4
1 Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), 2 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kenya,
3 Lab 863 s.r.o., Czech Republic, 4 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Vietnam
Introduction
• The traditional pig sector plays a significant role in Vietnam’s economy where more than 90% of pork consumed is supplied by
conventional wet markets;
• However, the traditional pig sector is under threat from animal health and food safety risks that impact both its profitability
and future viability;
• Nonetheless, little research exists on defining key intervention points that could manage risks in a pro-poor, cost-effective
manner.
Materials and methods
Hung Yen province:
(i) 15 Input suppliers;
(ii) 212 Producers;
(iii) 4 Traders;
(iv) 23 Slaughterhouses (SH);
(v) 11 Processors;
(vi) 34 Retailers;
(vii) 208 Consumers
• The role of middlemen may imply a potential control point for risk management in response to diseases transmitted in the short-term as well as (pro-poor) profit distribution over the longer-term
• Information from this study will provide more insightful understanding of these existing value chains and serve as the base for further economic and risk analysis (i.e. the System Dynamic (SD)
analysis).
Duong Nam Ha
dnha@vnua.edu.vn and duongnamha@gmail.com ● Vietnam University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi, Vietnam
http://www.vnua.edu.vn ● http://pigrisk.wikispaces.com
Acknowledgements: The CGIAR Research Programs on Livestock and Fish (L&F) and Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), ILRI, and VNUA
Funding: The Australian Center for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), L&F, and A4NH
This document is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution –Non commercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License September 2014
Photo: VNUA/Duong Nam Ha
• Semi-structured questionnaires: about 400 pig producing farmers and 400 pork
consumers in both provinces during July and August 2013, paying particular attention to
typologies of production and consumption in rural, semi-urban, and urban zones;
• Semi-structured and In-depth interviews: 200 other intermediary value chain (VC) actors.
Results
Research into use
Objective
To highlight and contrast between pig value chains (VCs) in two
provinces that represent different levels of economic development
in Vietnam (Hung Yen and Nghe An).
Figure 1: (Proportional) Sample size of each province selected for the study
Source: The PigRISK report
of PRA/FGD findings, 2013;
And updated findings from
field surveys, Jul & Aug
2013
Nghe An province:
(i) 16 Input suppliers;
(ii) 208 Producers;
(iii) 7 Traders;
(iv) 28 Slaughterhouses (SH);
(v) 11 Processors;
(vi) 40 Retailers;
(vii) 208 Consumers
COMPARISONS OF THE TWO VALUE CHAINS (VCs)
• Similar in terms of:
• Actor typology in which middlemen are often multi-functional and are the most powerful
actors because of their better access to information and dominance in value-added activities;
• Pig-pork flows;
• Feeding practices of pig smallholders: collecting leftover food, locally-available feed
resources;
• Different in terms of:
• In Figure 2: Differences between 2 VCs are highlighted in red (texts and arrows); Other
functions of actors are ranked by number of observations;
• Scales of production and marketing (Hung Yen is often larger);
• Behaviors of actors as a result of differences in production scale, knowledge, attitude and
habits;
• Actors in Hung Yen are more likely to be more market-oriented and commercialized;
• Nghe An operates its chains more “self-sufficiently”, with own-produced inputs, particularly
feeds.
Figure 2: Typical pig value chains in the two provinces (scope of the study is
within orange background)

9. Reviews:
• Feed technology reviews
• Laboratory (diagnostics) inventory
review

10. Best-bet selection and testing:
• Production (GAHP) and market
interventions (upgrading) (WB-funded
LIFSAP implemented by
MARD), 2015?

11. Vietnam pig sector model:
• Updated with new data (2012-
2013)
• New simulation on import tariffs
for pork

12. Use VPM to answer policy questions
• How will rising income & urbanization affect total
pork demand and the composition of pork demand?
• How will shifts in pork demand influence pig
producers, particularly small-scale producers ie will
small-scale pig producers be squeezed out of the
market?
• How will growth of pig production affect maize
markets – will imports grow?
• How would alternative policies, institutions, and
technologies influence evolution of pig sector?

13. Ex ante assessment of VC
interventions:
• System Dynamics model framework

15. Using a System Dynamics Framework to Assess Risks
of Pig Value Chains in Vietnam
Thi Thu Huyen Nguyen1, Nam Ha Duong1, Van Hung Pham1, Thi Duong Nga Nguyen1, Fred Unger2, Karl M. Rich3, Lucy Lapar4
1 Vietnam National University of Agriculture, 2 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kenya, 3 Lab 863 s.r.o., Czech Republic,
4 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Vietnam
Background
 Over 4 million households produce pigs, representing 57% of the quantity of meat consumed;
 The most critical constraints are animal diseases such as FMD, PRRS, CSF, and food safety issues, such as pork borne diseases;
 How might changes in consumption behavior in response to diseases affect smallholders?
Objectives
 To develop a framework that explores the public health, animal health, and livelihoods impacts of pig diseases and assesses options for
appropriate, pro-poor policy response.
Materials and methods
• Data from a sample of 1000 farmers and value chain actors including all actors in the pig value chain;
• A system dynamics (SD) analysis framework is used for investigating ex-ante disease risks, impacts, and policy options (Rich et al. 2011).
• SD model looks at the whole value chain (figure 1), including herd demographics and marketing (figure 2), pig demand at a cut level (figure 3), and feedbacks from
Figure 1: Representation of the pig value chain
Figure 2: Herd demographics and marketing
Figure 3: Meat demand and price formation
Figure 4: A model of producer adoption
producer profits and adoption behavior (figure 4)
Results
• The SD model highlights contrasts in marketing, breeding, and production practices in three systems (farrow-wean, grow-finish, mixed) in two different provinces
of Viet Nam (Hung Yen, Nghe An)
• Key intervention points include improved productivity, cost-effective technologies, and efficient marketing channels
• Future simulations to highlight cost-effectiveness of different interventions and system-specific differences.
Contact: Thi Thu Huyen Nguyen, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, huyenquyet2002@gmail.com
Funding: The authors acknowledge funding provided by the Australian Center for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), the Livestock and Fish CGIAR Research Program, and
the Agriculture for Nutrition and Health CRP

17. Priority Activities for Vietnam VC until 2017
 Pilot testing of best bets (animal health and food safety constraints),
evaluating their viability for uptake
 Identify appropriate intervention options, evaluate viability and
effectiveness
 Development and testing of diagnostic tests for identified priority pig
diseases
 Assess options for optimal breeding strategies to conform to demand
for breeds in smallholder pig systems
 Pilot test options for optimal feeding strategies in smallholder pig
systems
 Capacity development of national partners on all aspects of value
chain research
 Policy analysis building on developed pig sector model and refining
its structure, parameters & policy scenario
 Technology dissemination, uptake, and scaling out

18. CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish
livestockfish.cgiar.org
CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR
Research Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems
in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.