Invited lead paper presented by M. Blümmel, S.A. Tarawali, N. Teufel and I.A. Wright at the International Dairy Conference 2010 held at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, April 3-4, 2010

1. Dual-purpose crop developments, fodder trading and feed processing options for improving feeding in small holder dairy systems M. Blümmel 1 , S. A. Tarawali 2 , N. Teufel and I. A. Wright 3 1 International Livestock Research Institute, c/o ICRISAT, Patancheru 502324, AP, India 2 International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 3 International Livestock Research Institute, National Agricultural Science Centre, New Delhi 110012, India Invited lead paper presented at the International Dairy Conference 2010 Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh, Bangladesh 3-4 April, 2010

3. Key feed sources in India: 2003 and 2020 (summarized from NIANP, 2005 and Ramachandra et al., 2007 ) 3.9 7.3 Concentrates 17.8 ? Greens (F/F/CPR/WL) 2003 2020 44.2 69.0 34.1 ? Crop Residues Planted fodder crops % Feed Resource

4. Sorghum stover trading in Hyderabad

5. Type and cost of sorghum stover traded 2004-2005 Blümmel and Parthasarathy, 2006 3.06 d Telangana (Local Y) 3.23 c Rayalaseema 3.89 a Raichur 3.54 b Ballary Hybrid 3.15 cd Andhra Hybrid 3.52 b Andhra Price IR / kg DM Stover type

6. Relation between price of sorghum stover and in vitro digestibility Premium Stover Low Cost Stover Blümmel and Parthasarathy, 2006

7. Changes in grain: stover value in sorghum from 2004 to 2009 Bl ümmel et al 2010

8. Stover digestibility and grain yield in sorghum cultivars release-tested between 2002 and 2007 Blümmel et al. (2009)

9. Stover digestibility and grain yield in sorghum cultivars release-tested between 2002 and 2007 and mean quality of traded stover

10. Price: quality relation estimates in rice straw traded in Kolkata 2008 to 2009 Teufel et al. unpublished

11. Ranges in rice straw in vitro digestibility in 437 cultivars from IRRI SEM Range Mean In vitro digestibility in % Type of Cultivars 0.23 37.9 - 49.9 42.5 Varieties (n=61) 0.2 38.6 - 45.5 41.4 NPT (92) 0.11 36.6 - 45.8 41.3 Indica (n=172) 0.2 40.2 - 49.8 43.5 Hybrids (n=53) 0.03 34.8 - 45.2 41.4 Aromatics (n=59)

12. Straw in vitro organic matter digestibility and grain yield in 437 cultivars from IRRI

13. Mean in vitro digestibility in rice straw traded in Kolkata relative to available variation in digestibility

14. Variation in food-feed crop traits within 256 full-sib progenies of pearl millet cultivar ICMV 221 Bidinger et al. (2006) Experimental varieties :” dual purpose” and “ grain” generated Bidinger et al. 2006 2719 to 4154 ** 2783 to 5005 ** 40.7 to 46.1 ** 3561 3617 43.6 Grain yield (kg/ha) Stover yield (kg/ha) Stover digestibility (%) Range Mean Variable

15. Original and experimental pearl millet stover ICMV 221 tested with sheep (2 selection cycles ) Bidinger et al. 2009 0.0001 27.5 “ 31.5 “ 29.2 g/kg LW .75 /d Digestible Intake ns 3 110 “ 3 250 “ 3 110 kg/ha Grain yield Significance (P <) Exp: Grain 221 Exp: Dual Purpose 221 Original ICMV 221 Selection criterion

16. Feed block manufacturing: supplementation, densification Courtesy: Miracle Fodder and Feeds PVT LTD Ingredients % Sorghum stover 50 Bran/husks/hulls 18 Oilcakes 18 Molasses 8 Grains 4 Minerals, vitamins, urea 2

17. Comparisons of premium and low cost sorghum stover based complete feed blocks in dairy buffalo Anandan et al. (2009a) Block Premium Block Low Cost CP 17.2 % 17.1% ME (MJ/kg) 8.46 MJ/kg 7.37 MJ/kg DMI 19.7 kg/d 18.0 kg/d DMI per kg LW 3.6 % 3.3 % Milk 7.9 kg/d 7.0 kg/d Milk Potential 16.6 kg/d 11.8 kg/d

18. Supplementation and processing of sweet sorghum bagasse and response in sheep Anandan et al. (2009b) Mash Pellets Block Control Chaffed SSBRL Concentrate DMI (g/kg LW) 52.5 a 55.6 a 42.1 b 41.5 b ADG (g / d) 132.7 a 130.4 a 89.5 b 81.3 b Processing ($/t) 5.9 7.0 5.2 1.7 Transport ($/t/100km) 6.6 5.8 5.2 13.5 Feed cost ($/kg LW gain) 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.6