Strengthening R4D Activities and Partnerships in Southern Africa

Strengthening R4D Activities and Partnerships in
Southern Africa

David Chikoye
IITA-Zambia
32 Poplar Avenue
Lusaka

10 February 2011

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Presentation outline

• R4D activities
• R4D-S
• Partnerships
• Looking ahead


• Angola
13 countries in Southern Africa • Botswana
• Lesotho
• Madagascar
• Malawi (IITA station)
• Mauritius
• Mozambique (IITA station)
• Namibia
• Seychelles
• South Africa
• Swaziland
• Zambia (Regional hub)
• Zimbabwe

IITA R4D activities in southern Africa

• Over 1000 projects implemented in southern Africa
– 1984: Eastern & Southern Africa Root crops
Research Network-ESARRN
– 1994: Southern Africa Root crops Research
Network –SARRNET- in 12 countries
– Ecologically Sustainable Cowpea Protection
Project (PEDUNE) in the 1990s in Mozambique
– Biological control of cassava mealybug in the 80s
in Zambia
– Improving Rural Livelihoods In Southern Africa
in the late 1990s
– Sub-Saharan Challenge Program-Zimbabwe,
Malawi and Mozambique (2006)
– Tropical legume II (2007-10), etc


• R4D challenges
– Discipline isolation (cassava breeding only)
– Scope management (No clear priorities,
opportunistic & at times activities did not fit
in the main agenda of IITA)
– No clear exit strategy / competition with
NARS

• R4D-Support challenges
– Inadequate administrative support
– IITA Standard Operating Procedures were
ignored (followed donor guidelines)

• Partnership issues
– Competition for recognition or resources
– Lack of formal agreements
– Use of research facilities
– Credit, rewards and ownership of
technologies


Terms of Reference (s)

• Director (<100%)
– Provide research leadership
– set strategic directions for the research programs
– Resource mobilization and allocation

• Country Representative (10-0-20%)
– Represent IITA to external organizations
– facilitate partnerships
– assist in formalization of agreements
– Promote IITA’s work and image within each country

• Scientist (10-5-0%)


Leadership & setting strategic direction of
research programs

IITA Program Frameworks :
• Horticulture and Tree Crops Systems
• Cereals and Legume Systems
– Situation analysis (present challenges/opportunities,
significant achievements, lessons learned, critical
gaps and future challenges/opportunities)
– Framework development workshop (IITA and key
partners)
– Input from the BOT
– Approval of frameworks (2008)


What changed?? Implementation approach &
outputs in cereal & legume systems
• Holistic approach along the Value chain
• Outputs:

• Enhance the productivity and sustainability of cereals &
legume systems
• Advocate policies and institutional arrangements to
enhance commercialization and value addition
• Disseminate information and knowledge to producers,
processors, and consumers and other stakeholders in
cereal and legume value chains
• Enhance the competitiveness and profitability of cereal
& legume systems


What changed?? Priorities and geographic
focus in cereal & legume systems
• Activities outside the main IITA agenda were weeded out
of the program

• Expanded into southern Africa (demand from partners and
donors, e.g. Partners in Zambia demanded for NRM
backstopping in maize systems from IITA)

• Critical mass (60% in West Africa; 40% Southern Africa)
 Malawi (Cassava breeding, Soybean breeding,
Agricultural economist, Agronomist, Technology
dissemination)
 Mozambique (Cassava breeding & postharvest
engineer, Legume agronomist & Food technologist)
 Zambia (nutritionist, technology dissemination
specialist)
 Additional support from West Africa (cowpea, maize,
ipm, GIS, etc)

Implementation of CLS program framework

• Transfer technologies from West Africa to
Southern Africa

– Legumes (cowpeas and soybean) to diversify
pre-dominantly maize–based systems in
southern Africa


Why Cowpeas?

• Food for people (proteins)
• Feed for livestock
• Rejuvenates poor soils
• Grows in harsh environments (dry
areas in southern Africa)

• Bigger picture
 Food security/malnutrition
 Intensify animal production
 Income generation
 Poverty alleviation


Cowpea production and
commercialization challenges
• Biotic stresses (insects, diseases, Striga, alectra)
• Abiotic stresses (drought, poor soil fertility, e.g. Phosphorus)
• Socio-economic constraints (poor access improved seeds, management
practices, organized commercial markets, processing industries & lack of
government support ; different consumer preferences, & low farm-gate
prices)

Maruca


Fungal Diseases
Anthracnose Rust

Smut Pod rot

Cercospora

Source: Cowpea Pests and Disease


Parasitic weeds

Striga gesnerioides
Alectra


commercialization opportunities
Achievements in cowpea research in West Africa
• Genotypes for sole cropping or intercropping (IT89KD-374,
IT89KD-349, IT89KD-288, IT88D-363, IT90K-277-2, IT93K-371-1, IT93k-
637-1)

• Genotypes with disease resistance
– Bacterial diseases ( IT81D-994, IT82E-16, IT86D-716, IT86D-719,
IT89KD-374, IT90K-277-2, IT93K-573-1, IT93K-734, IT97K-556-4,
IT97K-1069-6)

– Viruses (TVu 201, TVu 410, TVu 1190, IT82D-889, IT86D-880, IT85F-
867-5, IT85F-2089-5, IT83S-818, IT90K-277-2, IT97K-556-4)

– Fungal diseases (IT97K-556-4, IT97K-819-118, IT90K-76, IT95K-1090-
12, IT97K-1021-15, IT93K-438-2, IT93K-573-1, IT97K-556-4, IT95K-
1090-12, IT95K-1091-3)



• Insect resistance
– Aphids (IT89KD-288, IT89KD-374, IT89KD-391, IT90K-59,IT90K-76,
IT90K-82-2, IT90K-277-2, IT93K-573-1)

– Thrips (IT82D-716, IT83S-728-5, IT84S-2246-4, IT86D-719, IT87D-
941, IT88D-643-1)

– Bruchids (IT81D-994, IT84S-2246-4, IT89KD-288, IT90K-76, IT90K-
277-2, IT93K-233-25, IT93K-543-8, IT94K-2052-3)



• Resistance to parasitic weeds
– Striga (IT82D-849, IT90K-59, IT90K-76, IT90K-82-2, IT93K-513, IT93K-
596-12, IT93K-693-2, IT97K-499-35 )
– Alectra (B 301, IT81D-994, IT90K-59, IT90K-76, IT90K-82-2, IT97K-499-
35)

• Drought tolerance
– Drought (IT98K-452-1, IT98K-205-8, IT97K-819-154, IT00K-1263 )

• Dual purpose cowpea (IT81D-994, IT81D-985, IT86D-716, IT89KD-
245, IT89KD-288, IT93K-398-2, IT93K-637-1)



• Improved N-fixation and efficient use of phosphorus (IT86D-715,
IT96D-772, IT96D-739 and IT6D-740)

• Consumer preferences and nutritional quality
– Seed quality (color, texture, size)
– Vegetable type (IT81D-1228-14, IT86D-880, IT95F-2089-5, IT92D-266,
IT94K-968-3 )
– maturity (extra-early, early, medium, late)
– plant type (erect, semi-erect, prostrate)


Targeting cowpea production and
commercialization areas

Areas in Zambia/Mozambique/Malawi with similar climate and soil conditions to
northern Nigeria. The darker the area the higher the probability of similarity.
Source: IITA-GIS Unit


Promising Cowpea lines

- IT98K-128-3

- IT97K-390-2

-IT97K-1069-6

- IT98K-131-2

- IT-16 (check)

-IT00K-126-3

- IT-18 (check)

Why soybean??
• Cash crop
• Protein source (soy-maize blends)
• Animal feed
• Livestock fodder
• Export market
• Rejuvenates soils (N & Striga control)
• Biofuel


Invest in soybean research??

• Soybean sub-sector study in Malawi, Mozambique, South
Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe (40% of the area and 47% of
the production in SSA)

• The soybean subsector is in the maturity phase in South Africa,
late growth phase in Zambia, early growth phase in Malawi,
and emergence phase in Mozambique & decline phase in
Zimbabwe

• Constraints: the lack of profitable improved genetic and crop
management technologies for smallholders; agricultural input
and output markets; policy and infrastructure


Invest in soybean research??

• Opportunities to improve soybean sub-sector:
 large &growing domestic demand for poultry feeds, edible
oils and food products
 Demand for improved locally adapted varieties, crop
management and processing technologies
 emerging demand for soybeans as feedstock for bio-diesel
plants
 soil fertility rotational benefits to maize

• Strategic R4D priorities: increasing competitiveness through
increasing yields or reducing unit cost of production and
improving profitability through expanding market access

IITA’s soybean research in West Africa
Many varieties developed for a range of uses

• Nitrogen fixation ability
• High grain yield
• Pod shattering resistance
• Seed longevity
• Diseases resistance
• Resistance to lodging
• Tolerance to low Phosphorus
• Striga hermonthica reduction ability
• Dual-purpose soybeans
• Resistance to soybean rust (since 2003)
• Drought tolerance (since 2007)


Targeting soybean production and
commercialization areas
IITA Soybean Trial Sites in Malawi and Mozambique


Targeting: extrapolation domains of Chitedze
Research Station (Malawi) in Zambia

Areas in Zambia with similar climate and soil conditions to that of Chitedze Research Station in
Malawi. The darker the area the higher the probability of similarity.
Source: IITA-GIS Unit

IITA’s soybean research in southern Africa
Promising lines (grain yield 2-3 t/ha)

• TGx 1740-2F
• TGx 1830-20E
• TGx 1485-1D
• TGx 1835-10E
• TGx 1904-6F
• TGx 1908-8F
• TGx 1937-1F
• Magoye or Nasoko (local check-2 t/ha)


Promising rust resistant lines in Southern Africa
Performance of rust resistant lines at Chitedze, Malawi, in 2009
Grain yield Rust score
Variety (kg/ha) Days to mature (%)
TGx 1987-11F 4450 127 11.9
TGx 1987-64F 4118 140 11.9
TGx 1987-62F 3882 136 11.7
TGx 1987-8F 3613 137 9.9
TGx 1987-23F 3583 137 12.4
TGx 1987-18F 3450 136 10.0
TGx 1485-1D (Check) 1532 133 24.2
Magoye (Check) 1832 134 23.1
Nasoko (Check) 3502 111 32.6
Mean (22 lines) 2982 133 14.3
SE 183 0.8 0.9
LSD (0.05) 1412 5.9 6.6


Soybean utilization

• Soybean has a high nutritional value
(protein and energy)

• However, it cannot be consumed like
other common legumes available to
farmers---it needs prior processing

• Main reasons of processing is to reduce
antinutritional factors such as trypsin
inhibitors


Maize germplasm for southern Africa

 Maize inbred lines, open pollinated varieties and hybrids of varying
maturity groups adapted to the lowland savanna
 Resistance/tolerance to Striga hermonthica
 Tolerance to drought
 Nitrogen use efficiency
 Resistance to stem borers
 Resistance to aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination
 High lysine and tryptpophan content
 Enhanced pro-vitamin A, zinc and iron concentrations


Empowering partners

 Part of the exit strategy
 Build local capacity through:
 Students

 Trainers/extension

 Scientists

 Farmers

 Processors

 Fabricators


R4D support achievements in southern Africa

• Regional administrator, Country administrators,
accounting officers and others
• Standard operating procedures compliance
• Signed MoUs in Malawi, Mozambique and
Zambia & with Golden Valley Research Trust on
cowpea research in Zambia
• Southern Africa Regional Hub
– Legal documentation from Govt of Zambia
– Hub fully functional by March 2011


Partners in southern Africa
• Traditional partners: DARS/Malawi, IIAM/Mozambique,
ZARI/Zambia
• New partners
– Strong private sector participation in seed sector
(Pannar, Seedco, Zamseed, Pioneer, Pedigree
Seeds, etc)
– Large commercial farmers
– Mozambique (University of Eduardo Mondlane,
UNILURIO, Ministry of health, Dept of agricultural
extension, etc
– Malawi (Bunda College of Agriculture, Chancellor
college, SeedCo, farmer associations, etc)
– Zambia (University of Zambia, Zamseed, GART)
– South Africa (University of Pretoria, ARC,)
• CG centers (ICRISAT, CIAT/TSBF, ILRI, CIMMYT, CIP)


IITA visibility in southern Africa

• IITA/ZARI workshop
• Visits to relevant government ministries
• Open house and field days
• Engage the media in collaboration with the
communication office
• Participation in national workshops, conference
and symposia
• Participation in agriculture/commercial shows


Looking Ahead
Coming soon...
• CG reform and CRPs
• IITA strategy, R4D model, program framework +
management structures
– Development, maturity and implementation phase
(over 5 years)
• CRPs relevant to IITA’s mission fit very well in our
existing strategy, R4D model and program frameworks
• CRPs are a platform to engage with new & more
partners
– Clarify roles of IITA vs partners (e.g. Contract
research, e.g. GART
– Strengthen linkages with private sector
– Avenue to develop a standard reward system for
partners


Acknowledgements
• General directorate
• R4D directorate
• R4D-Support
• Country representatives in M&M
• B&F
• Scientists (Team-S)
• Support staff
• Partners


Strengthening R4D Activities and Partnerships in Southern Africa

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