1.
Ocean
Acidification
Summary for
Policymakers 2013
International Geosphere-Biosphere
Programme
Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Commission of UNESCO
Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research
Wendy Broadgate, IGBP Deputy Director (2014)

2.
• 26 % increase in acidity due to CO2
emissions
• Many organisms show adverse effects
(corals, molluscs)
• Some thrive (e.g. seagrasses)
• Ecosystems will change in the future
• There will be socio-economic impacts
and need for adaptation
• Reducing CO2 emissions will reduce
impacts

3.
pH 1850

4.
pH 2100

5.
Aragonite saturation 1850

6.
Aragonite saturation 2100

7.
Commercially important organisms

8.
After Peters et al., 2013
Observed CO2 emissions and
emissions scenarios to 2100

9.
Confidence levels (IPCC)

10.
iStockhphoto.com/ermingut

11.
Atmospheric CO2 and ocean pH

12.
After Bopp et al., 2013
3.2°–5.4°C
Global
temperature
increase likely
by 2100:
0.9°–2.3°C
Ocean surface pH projections to 2100

13.
Turley et al., 2006
Rapid ocean acidification

14.
Jason Hall-Spencer
Winners and losers

15.
Hot, sour and breathless

16.
Molluscs
iStockphoto.com/Eduardo Luzzatti

17.
Coral Reefs
iStockphoto.com/t.light

18.
Changes in marine ecosystems
iStockphoto.com/Richard Carey

19.
Calcifying organisms
Ulf Riebesell; GEOMAR

20.
Marine snails
Steve Ringman

21.
Fish behaviour

22.
Nitrogen fixation stimulated
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/USGS)

23.
Economic losses
iStockphoto.com/Thomas Bradford

24.
Economic losses

25.
Fisheries

26.
Biogeochemical cycles

27.
www.ocean-acidification.net

28.
IGBP, IOC, SCOR (2013). Ocean Acidification Summary for Policymakers – Third Symposium on the
Ocean in a High-CO2 World. International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, Stockholm, Sweden.
Authors
Wendy Broadgate, IGBP
Ulf Riebesell, Germany
Claire Armstrong, Norway
Peter Brewer, USA
Ken Denman, Canada
Richard Feely, USA
Kunshan Gao, China
Jean-Pierre Gattuso, France
Kirsten Isensee, IOC-UNESCO
Joan Kleypas, USA
Dan Laffoley, UK
James Orr, France
Hans-Otto Pörtner, Germany
Carlos Eduardo de Rezende, Brazil
Daniela Schmidt, UK
Ed Urban, SCOR
Anya Waite, Australia
Luis Valdés, IOC-UNESCO
Wendy Broadgate, IGBP Deputy Director (2014)
wendy@igbp.kva.se
www.ocean-acidification.net