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Professor the Honourable Stephen Martin - IFAC Sovereign Debt Seminar Presentation
1. GFC AND SOVEREIGN RISK- MITIGATING MEASURES
AND SOLUTIONS FROM DOWN UNDER
Professor the Hon Stephen Martin
Chief Executive
INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF ACCOUNTANTS
CONFERENCE
THE SOVEREIGN DEBT CRISIS, A MATTER OF
URGENCY―FROM LESSONS TO REFORM
March 19-20, 2012
Vienna, Austria
3. GFC- a re-cap
Northern hemisphere problem?
Global savings/borrowing imbalances
US encouragement of home ownership, sub-prime crisis and credit
crisis and US monetary policy
Lack of regulatory oversight and corporate risk management
Financial institutions collapse in US and Europe (Lehmann – the
financial world stopped)
World GDP falls, global trade collapses
Business/Consumer confidence plummets, unemployment rises
Massive fiscal/monetary stimuli
Huge support for financial markets from central banks
4.
5. Australia and the GFC
Not nearly as bad as other developed economies
Growth rate slowed
Exports fell, commodity prices fell, terms of trade
contracted, exchange rate fell
Credit provision tightened
Consumer and business confidence fell
Unemployment rose slightly
Share market fell
No banks or financial institutions failed
6.
7. Government response to GFC
Hard, early, households
Massive surplus of $21b available for injection into the economy
Support for the finance sector through bank guarantees, funding
housing mortgages through government securities, consumer
protection
RBA movement on interest rates
Major economic stimulus through
social security system (pensions and family allowance) $8.8b
increasing first home buyers grants $1.5b
Education and training programs $187m
Nation Building and Jobs Plan (including Building the Education
Revolution, energy efficiency, infrastructure, housing) $42b
9. European sovereign debt crisis- causes
and solutions
globalization of finance
easy credit conditions during the 2002-2008 period that encouraged
high-risk lending and borrowing practices
international trade imbalances
real-estate bubbles that have since burst
slow growth economic conditions 2008 and after
fiscal policy choices related to government revenues and expenses
policy responses used by nations to bail-out troubled banking
industries and private bondholders, assuming private debt burdens or
socializing losses.
Greek tragedy, potential contagion, Germany the boss, hopeful signs,
more meetings, financial bailout, white knights?
11. Europe- A View From Down-Under
Source: The Australian – 17/1/12
12. Australia’s preparedness for the GFC
and European sovereign debt crisis
Commonwealth of Australia 1901- economic, political and monetary
union
Economic and political history since the early 1980’s
Trade liberalisation
Financial deregulation coupled with improved and coordinated
prudential supervision
Labour market deregulation
Taxation reforms
Macroeconomic policy- inflation targets, budget deficit and fiscal
consolidation strategies
Superannuation
Health care and social security reforms
13.
14. Australia’s economic advantages
Underlying economic strength- mining and investment
boom, record commodity prices and terms of trade
Strong financial institutions- four pillars, AA rated,
exceptional profit levels, Basel III alignment
Sound financial regulation- APRA, previous financial
system reviews, lessons from the past
Performance of major trading partners, particularly China
and India. Little exposure to Europe.
Social-economic interconnectedness
15.
16.
17.
18.
19. Government spending and revenue
Per cent of GDP Per cent of GDP
30 12
25 9
Spending
Total receipts
20 6
15 3
10 0
Underlying cash balance (RHS)
5 -3
0 -6
2000-01 2002-03 2004-05 2006-07 2008-09 2010-11 2012-13 2014-15
20. Factors affecting Australia’s current and
future economic performance
IMF/Government forecasts for world growth and implications for
Australia and its trading partners
Economy defined by contained inflation (in 2-3% target range), low
public debt (24% GDP), massive investment pipeline, unemployment
levels half of Europe (5-5.25%), geographic location (right place, right
time to benefit from the Asian Century)
Cautious consumers and exchange rates affecting some industry
sectors (retailing, manufacturing)
Government commitment to budget surpluses
Australian financial institutions exposure to Europe much less than
2007, strength and security of the financial system
21. Country Gross Debt to GDP
(Central Government, %)
China 17.1
Australia 24.1
New Zealand 35.8
Sweden 37.3
Switzerland 52.7
Norway 54.3
Spain 63.9
Germany 80.1
United Kingdom 83.0
France 87.6
Portugal 90.6
United States 99.5
Ireland 114.1
Italy 120.3
Greece 152.3
Japan 229.1
22.
23.
24.
25.
26. Lessons from Australia
Currency union without fiscal union is an accident waiting
to happen
Low, single-digit inflation a goal that must be pursued
Fiscal consolidation is essential, along with tight prudential
regulatory regimes that still allow for deregulatory
outcomes
Underlying economic fundamentals must be right
Political will must permit governments to take hard,
unpopular decisions and pursue appropriate policies