Managing Water for Sustainable Agriculture: Challenges of Irrigation Development in Brazil

ICID NEW S
Managing Water for Sustainable Agriculture

2012 I FOURTH QUARTER

MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT
Dear friends and members of ICID, admission of individuals, institutions
The time flies so quickly, and it is and companies as direct members,
approaching the end of this year when organization of World Irrigation Forum,
I write this message. For ICID this is a etc. This was made possible with your
very special year with water and food active support. The preparation of the
security as the theme of World Water 1st World Irrigation Forum (WIF) is in
Day and for many other key water full swing with a great support from
events around the world. host National Committee (TUCID) and
DSI. The Organizing and Technical
These events discussed and highlighted
Committees have been established. The
the importance of water and water
theme and sub themes of the 1st WIF
management for food production
have also been identified and developed
and created an awareness of various
and a “Call for Ppapers” has also been
challenges to achieve food security and
circulated to National Committees
need to revitalize and improve irrigation
and International Organizations. The
and drainage infrastructure and services.
objectives of the first WIF are:
This year ICID has played an important
role in many global and regional (a) support multi-disciplinary
events and endeavored to identify the discussions towards the solution to
underlying problems and consequent water management in agriculture, of Governors meeting, UN Rio+20,
challenges, seek understanding and (b) exchange latest irrigation and IFAD’s 35th Session of Governing
solutions, and promote cooperation and drainage policies, innovations and Board Meeting, World Water Week,
development. ICID and many National technologies, India Water Week, The 5th McGill
Committees have actively organized Conference on Global Food Security,
(c) develop liaison, collaboration
related conferences and technical 17th UN-Water Meeting, 5th
among various national, inter-
visits. I am glad to know about many International Yellow River Forum, 6th
national institutions, organizations
workshops and activities organized General Assembly of WWC, etc. In the
and private sector working for
by our National Committees and the preparatory process of the 1st WIF, we
irrigated agriculture, and
progress on cooperation among National have got active support and involvement
(d) explore and formulate concrete from FAO, IWMI, GWP, ADB, AWC,
Committees. China Training Centre on
inter-disciplinary proposals and UNESCO-IHE, the World Bank and
Irrigation and Drainage organized an
advocate political commitments. IFPRI, etc.
‘International Advanced Workshop and
Training on Irrigation and Drainage’ in I encourage you all to visit ICID website Finally, I am very glad to inform you
Beijing in September 2012. for getting updated information in time that ICID was elected as the member
I am extremely glad for successfully and contribute papers. I am confident of Board of Governors of World Water
organizing the thematic priority 2.2 that with your active involvement Council during its 6th General Assembly
“Contribute to food security by optimal and support we will have a great and held in Marseille from November 18-19,
use of water” of the 6th World Water successful WIF. 2012. WWC is working on developing
Forum together with FAO. Nine major This year ICID could strengthen/ a strategic vision for the future of water.
solutions and targets were identified reinforce the cooperation with other ICID will closely work together with
and presented under the thematic international organization. ICID international water related community to
priority 2.2. This year the 63rd IEC members actively participated in various promote sustainable water management
meeting of ICID was hosted by the IAL/ conferences and other events organized and irrigated agriculture towards food
Australian National Committee, and the by WWC, FAO, ADB, IWMI, IFAD, security and poverty alleviation.
11th International Drainage Workshop United Nations, UN-Water, SIWI, Yours truly
was hosted by the Egyptian National UNESCO and other organizations and
Committee, and ICID Water for Food institutions, such as 6th WWF, FAO
Sub-forum was hosted during the 8th workshop on ‘Revitalizing Irrigation
Yellow River Forum. and Agricultural Water Governance Dr. Gao Zhanyi
This year ICID embarked upon launch in Asia Pacific’, ADB’s first ‘Asian President of ICID
of several historic decisions, such as Irrigation Forum’, UNESCO-IHE Board

International Commission on IN THIS ISSUE 6 Sontek – IQ
Irrigation and Drainage (ICID)
was established in 1950 as 2-3 Challenges of Irrigation Development 7 Dujiangyan Irrigation System:
a scientific, technical and in Brazil A Heritage of Water Wisdom
voluntary not-for-profit non- 7 ICID Scholarship
governmental international 4-5 Agriculture Drainage: Success Story
organization. The ICID News of Egypt 8
ICID First WIF - Call for Papers QUARTER 1
NEWS 2012 I FOURTH
is published quarterly by ICID
Central Office, New Delhi, India.

CHALLENGES OF IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT IN BRAZIL
L. N. Rodrigues, Embrapa Cerrados, Brazil, and L. C. Tollefson, Canada, Vice President, ICID

Land, Water and Climate
The Brazilian agribusiness sector is
one of the most dynamic in the world.
Significant production and productivity
gains have been made over the last two
decades making it one of the top food
suppliers for the world. Agribusiness
in Brazil is responsible for 33% of the
GDP, 42% of the exports and 37% of
the jobs.

Brazilian agriculture is exposed to
wide climatic variations ranging
from severe drought to heavy rains.
Irrigation therefore has a significant
role in the assured crop production.
Due to country’s large size and varied
topography, the climate of Brazil has
a wide range of weather conditions,
i.e. tropical, subtropical and semi-
arid. Precipitation levels vary widely
however, most of Brazil has moderate
rainfall between 1,000 and 1,500 mm
per year and two well defined seasons.
Climate is just one of many challenges irrigation systems depend on water in the use of localised (micro-irrigation)
that Brazil faces as it attempts to expand supplies that have been developed equipped area. In recent years,
and modernize its agricultural system using Government funds. Private surface irrigation area has decreased
schemes have been developed by and sprinkler irrigation for grain and
Brazil is capable of increasing its individuals or companies. It consists
agricultural production without micro-irrigation for fruit and vegetable
of many forms of irrigation ranging production has increased. Water use
jeopardizing the environment. It has from small to large-scale, and from
about 12% of the planet’s available efficiency is estimated at 40-65% for
simple to highly sophisticated irrigation surface, 60-85% for sprinkler and 78-
water resources and a potential technology. There has been a great
irrigated area of 30 million hectares. 97% for micro-irrigation methods.
diversity of performance between the
This includes only those areas public and private irrigation sectors.
where irrigation can be sustainably
Competing Water Demand
Public irrigation has generally tended
developed and excludes the areas of to progress slowly and fall short of The inefficiency of irrigation has caused
high ecological value in the northern performance expectations while private Brazilian society at times to question the
region. In the savanna areas, which irrigation, especially in recent years, has importance of irrigation. The increase
occupy 24% of Brazil´s territory, the expanded more rapidly providing higher in competition for the use of water
potential for irrigation has expanded profits. among several sectors of society implies
substantially in recent years, following the need to use the water resources in
recent advances in soil management and Modern Irrigation Technology a more efficient way to guarantee the
irrigation techniques applicable in that sustainability of production in different
region. Currently, in Brazil share of area sectors. In some regions of Brazil,
coverage by different irrigation methods/ especially those where there has been
Irrigated Agriculture systems is - 19% center pivot, 30% excessive and little organized growth of
In Brazil, share of freshwater withdrawal conventional sprinkler, 10% localized; irrigated agriculture, there are already
for agriculture is 61%, 18% for industry, 11% furrow; 24% flood and 6% others. conflicts for the use of water, which are
and 21% for municipal and domestic Use of irrigation techniques differs associated with an unequal distribution
uses. Currently, the irrigated area in within regions; for example in the south, of this resource.
Brazil is 5 million hectares (about rice paddies represent more than 90%
In the São Francisco River Basin, for
5% of the total cropped area) and of agriculture and use flood irrigation.
example, studies indicate potential
is responsible for 16% of the total Modern irrigation methods, which often
conflicts in the use of water, with the
agricultural production and 35% of have higher water use efficiency and
main players being energy generation
agriculture income. Irrigation in Brazil require less labor are preferred by large
and agriculture. In the Verde Grande
is however, somewhat inefficient, farmers in the Cerrados for crops such
river basin, an important tributary of
compared to potential levels of as wheat, soybean, maize, and cotton
the São Francisco River, the demand for
efficiency that could be achieved. and by the producers of vegetables and
water for irrigation corresponds to 88%
fruits near the metropolitan areas in the
of the total demand for water in the
Irrigated agriculture in Brazil is divided northeast. Due to the water scarcity in
region. In the Paraiba do Sul basin there
into public and private schemes. Public the northeast, there is a large increase
have been reports of several conflicts.

2 ICID NEWS 2012 I FOURTH QUARTER

These and other conflicts which have
taken place in Brazil, indicate the
necessity to organize the use of water,
through the definition of protocols
which can be realistically obeyed by the
water users.

Irrigation Management
The range of crops grown under
irrigated conditions is diverse (rice,
corn, soybean, regular bean, orange,
etc.) and varies from region to region.
Irrigated sugarcane is particularly
important in the Cerrados region. It has
been projected that during the next 10
years, both sugarcane and its processing
industry will demand 423 m3/s of water
representing 49% of the current total
discharge used by irrigation in Brazil.
This fact demonstrates the importance
of good irrigation management and
analyzing irrigation in the context
of the watershed carefully watching
other users, like energy production.
The development of agro-energy and
irrigation are not only water intensive,
but also strategic for the agriculture
sector and for the country’s economic
development, warranting adequate
planning with respect to land and water
allocation.
In the recent seminar relating to the
state of the art of irrigated agriculture
in Brazil, the participants indicated
irrigation management as the main
topic for research, while the capacity
building was the main factor for the
development of irrigation. Agriculture
research is carried out at the national
level by the Brazilian Agricultural
Research Company (EMBRAPA). The
Company has a number of research
and experimental stations throughout
Brazil, many of which are involved
in irrigation related activities. In order
to focus more on these emerging Innovation in Irrigation and Water grant criteria, and (v) to identify needs
issues, the Nucleus of Reference and Resources (NURII) was launched. with respect to the development of
NURII was formed with the partnership equipments and instruments.
between Embrapa, the National Water
Study projections indicate that irrigation
Growing Rice with Center Pivots Agency, the UNESCO-HIDROEX
in Brazil, even in the most pessimistic
Foundation and the Secretariat of the
Messrs Werner and Herbert Arns scenario, will continue to increase. It
State of Minas Gerais for Science,
from Brazil have jointly received is important, however that irrigation be
Technology and Higher Education. The
the ICID WatSave Technology managed in a sustainable manner. In
objectives of NURII focus on four pillars
Award 2007 for their work on water coming times water conflicts are likely
viz., information, capacity-building,
savings in growing rice using center to be seen in several places. Water
research, and innovation. Its creation
pivot sprinkler system instead of management strategies therefore must
emanated from the need not only of
the traditional surface irrigation, be implemented and a more integrated
governmental institutions but also of
where the fields are flooded with management adopted to avoid water
agricultural producers to have a focal
water over the growing season. conflict expansion and a decreasing
point and with the specific objectives:
They have succeeded in reducing livelihood in rural communities.
(i) to concentrate and filter information
irrigation water use by over 50%, for its transfer and training, (ii) to define
besides increase in yields, crop Dr. Rodrigues can be contacted at
and propose priorities for research, (iii) <lineu.rodrigues@embrapa.br>
rotation, minimum tillage, and overall to integrate results, (iv) to consolidate
reduction in the rice production cost. protocols for certification with respect to
For further details at <http://www. adequate use of water and to improve
icid.org/nl2007_4.pdf>

ICID NEWS 2012 I FOURTH QUARTER 3

AGRICULTURE DRAINAGE: SUCCESS STORY OF EGYPT
Dr. Ashraf El Sayed Ismail, Deputy Director, Drainage Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Egypt

Enhancing Water Quality of Drainage Water using a weir

Introduction Drainage in Egypt end of March 2012 with a total costs
of 3.3 billion Egyptian pounds (US$
Drainage of agricultural lands has In Egypt, drainage system was 550 million), while the target area is
proven to be a worthy investment in introduced at the end of the 19th 6.4 million feddans (2.7 mha). At the
both irrigated and rainfed agriculture century when perennial irrigation was same time about 8 million feddans
around the world. The functions of introduced. Implementation of modern (3.4 mha) are provided with open
the drainage system are not limited to drainage systems was initiated in the drains. The World Bank has been
safeguard for agriculture production sixties and reached its full thrust by the the main financing agency supporting
but also include mitigation and control beginning of the seventies. The target drainage projects in Egypt since 1970.
of soil erosion, waterlogging, soil was to cover all the irrigated lands The techniques and technologies
salinity, salt water intrusion, floods, of the country with effective drainage used in the drainage practices were
damage to infrastructure and community systems consisting of subsurface field continuously developed on the basis
properties, health risk and protection of drains, main open drains and drainage of the latest advances in the world
archaeological sites. Salinization affects pumping stations. Egyptian Public and were adopted to suit the local
about 20-30 million ha of the world’s Authority for Drainage Project (EPADP) conditions. The EPADP not only
irrigated land. Of the 1500 million ha was created in 1973 by Presidential implements new projects, but also
of cropped lands of the world, only Decree No.158. It is vested with all undertakes rehabilitation of old drainage
about 14% is provided by some form the necessary power over the financial, networks, which are 25-30 years old
of drainage. Of the 300 million ha of administrative and technical aspects and are no longer functional. The
area equipped for irrigation, about 20% of implementation, operation and Authority is also working on making
has been equipped with drainage. The maintenance of drainage systems. standards to determine the need for
total area needing artificial drainage may Egypt was pioneering in applying cost rehabilitation with annual rehabilitation
be estimated as 300 million ha mainly recovery to recover the investment costs rate for about 75,000 feddan (31,500
in the arid and tropical humid zones of the subsurface drainage systems. ha). The target area to be rehabilitated
of the developing countries (Nijland et Drainage objectives are changing by the year 2012 is 1.2 million feddans
al 2005). With the current estimated from the sole objective of increasing (0.5 mha).
drainage improvement programs productivity to the multiple objectives
globally less than 0.5 million ha are of increasing agricultural production; Another development of land drainage
covered annually, which is inadequate drainage water reuse for irrigation and in Egypt by the end of the century is
to keep pace with the current growth fish-farming; domestic water disposal; the introduction of synthetic envelope
of drainage affected areas. This and environmental management. materials as a more effective alternative
article provides an overview drainage to the natural granular materials.
About 5.8 million feddans (2.4 mha) Plastic tubes are rewrapped with
development, present issues and
were provided with pipe drains till the synthetic envelopes at the factory.
challenges for research in Egypt.


Laser controlled machines are used to
improve the quality of drain depth and
grade. Achieving this goal takes more
than just introducing technology and
therefore there is a continuous effort
to improve the quality of work (Abdel
Dayem, 2004).
Future Research Agenda
The Drainage Research Institute (DRI)
of National Water Research Center
was created to carry applied research
on physical and hydrological aspects
of drainage; optimal design criteria,
material, and machinery for drainage
system construction and installation;
and socio-economic and environmental
impacts of installed systems. DRI
has researched introduction of new
construction materials, site investigation
methods, design criteria, new subsurface
drainage systems (modified system),
and solution to drainage in problematic Laying of a main collector in Upper Egypt
areas and soils, maintenance and
rehabilitation criteria, and adoption in calcareous soils, feasibility. There is a potential to
• Review and investigate the increase the life expectancy up to
application of modified and control 40 years through improving the pipe
A gricultural drainage is one of
the core activity areas of ICID
and a Working Group on Drainage •
drainage, and
Assess the idea of association of
material (polypropylene), improving
envelope and filter material and better
maintenance program.
(WG-DRG) has been functional in drainage stakeholders.
this area since three decades. ICID, Discharge of industrial and domestic
under the overall guidance of WG- Financial challenges effluent, which includes high suspended
DRG has been organizing a series matter into surface drains would lead
of International Drainage Workshops The present model for financing the to high sedimentation rate accentuating
(IDWs) since 1978. The 11th subsurface drainage projects entails the need for remodelling the drain
International Drainage Workshop additional financial burden to the cross section more frequently. Monthly
on "Agricultural Drainage Needs Government. It is recommended to charges should be paid as part of the
and Future Priorities" in the series develop a new model so that a farmer license permission for any effluents
was organized by Egyptian National can get loan directly from banks while discharging into the surface drain. This
Committee (ENCID) in cooperation the Drainage Authority can handle might contribute in improvement of the
with National Water Research only planning, design and supervise
Center (NWRC), and the Egyptian drainage system hydraulic performance,
construction activities. the water front of the drain and finally
Public Authority on Drainage
Projects (EPADP) in Cairo from The Ministry of Water Resources and in improving catchment landscape.
23-27 September 2012. Summary Irrigation (MWRI) conducts a yearly
References
and outcome of the 11th IDW maintenance program for irrigation
is available at <http://www.icid. and drainage systems to sustain and Nijland, H.J., F.W. Croon and
org:8080/summary_11idw.pdf>. improve the hydraulic performance and H.P. Ritzema, 2005. Subsurface
conveyance efficiency of the system. Drainage Practices: Guidelines for
This requires remodeling and dredging the implementation, operation and
of new technology in installation, of both irrigation and drainage channels maintenance of subsurface pipe drainage
inspection and maintenance. Further through yearly maintenance plan. The systems. Wageningen, Alterra, ILRI
works and research agenda related MWRI also takes care of the disposal of Publication no. 60, pp. 608.
to drainage would include issues dredged material. The dredged material
and measures to meet landscape is used for land filling in irrigation Safwat Abdel-Dayam, Jan Hoevenaars,
interventions and environmental improvement and bank stability projects. Peter P. Mollinga, Waltina Scheumann,
challenges such as: The dredged material could be a Roel Slootweg, Frank van Steenbergen
valuable resource if recycled to meet 2004 .Reclaiming Drainage, Toward an
• Review design criteria considering Integrated Approach. Agriculture and
the demand of filling material for some
maximizing net economic yield of Rural Development Report 1. The IBRD.
other projects, leading to reduction in
crops, contributing to irrigation water
cost of the maintenance program for
saving and minimizing the pollutant Dr. Ashraf El Sayed Ismail can be
drainage systems.
loads, contacted at: <ashsayed@hotmail.
• Testing and selecting suitable drain The life expectancy of the covered com>
envelope for protecting drain pipes drainage system is limited to 20
especially in calcareous soils, years. Expanding the life time of the
system would remarkably reduce the
• Review drainage design criteria for
overall cost and improve the economic
the new reclaimed areas especially


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DUJIANGYAN IRRIGATION SYSTEM:
A HERITAGE OF WATER WISDOM
Avinash C. Tyagi, Secretary General, ICID

A mong the cultural treasures of the
world, there is a resplendent pearl
– the well-known ancient hydraulic
project Dujiangyan Irrigation System.
It is famed for its history, civilization
and fantastic view and has served as a
cradle of river management.

Dujiangyan Irrigation System located
on the Minjiang River in the northwest
of Dujiangyan City. It was built over
2,200 years ago around 250 B.C. under
the direction of Li Bing, the Governor
of the Shu Prefecture of the Qin State.

The Minjiang River running across
the vast Chengdu Plain,in the ancient
times, used to cause devastation along
its course. Li Bing had a channel cut
through Mount Yulei in the west of the
city to divert the river water through to divide the river into two parts: the and hydraulically efficient irrigation
canals and irrigate the Chengdu Plains, inner river and the outer river. In order and drainage network, which works
which made it a “Land of Abundance” to control the flood and charge the silt, automatically to a remarkable degree.
with a bumper harvest every year in- two spillways were built at the end of
spite of recurring droughts and floods in water-dividing dyke. During the long history of the
the region.The manmade structure has Dujiangyan Irrigation System, a number
withstood the test of the time for over The dyke diverts the water of the of effective experiences have evolved
two thousand years and has sustainably Minjiang River scientifically and such as “Dredging the sand deeper and
brought great benefits to the agricultural rationally, 40% of which flows into the building the dam lower”, “Taking away
production through irrigation which outer river while 60% remains in the the capes where the river curves, and
has expanded gradually from 126,000 inner river during the flood season, and digging the middle of the riverbed deep
hectares to nearly 660,000 hectares. vice versa in dry season. Besides, 90% where the river does not curve”.These
of the silt is carried away by the outer experiences have helped the world to
The design of the diversion structure is river. The Feishayan Spillway discharges understand the nature and evolve the
aligned to the nature and makes use of flood and silt from the inner river to morphological principles almost two
the river morphological characteristics the outer river. Working in harmony millennia later.
to its full advantage.In the middle of with one another, the three project
the Minjiang River, a dyke was built components constitute a complete

ICID Scholarship to Young Professionals for
E-Learning Program of UNESCO-IHE
E ffective operation, maintenance and
management of irrigation systems,
by adopting a user-centered and
being organized by UNESCO-IHE from
01 Mar 2013 to 05 Jul 2013.The course
is designed for mid-level irrigation
Oriented-Management-for-Irrigation-
Systems
After filling the form on-line, UNESCO-
user-driven approach, also known professionals and water managers
IHE will send a notification by email
as Service Oriented Management of who are engaged or aspire to engage
within 10 working days stating
Irrigation Systems (SOMIS), is key into sustainable, service-oriented, and
whether or not the application has
to the sustainable agriculture water participatory management of irrigation
been accepted. Upon receiving
management. UNESCO-IHE offers the systems. Young Professionals, below
the notification of acceptance of
SOMIS online course in full distance the age of forty years from developing
the application from UNESCO-IHE,
learning mode spanning four months countries and countries in transition
applicants should send a copy of the
with a workload of 140 hours (8 hours are advised to apply online before 01st
notification to ICID Central Office
a week on average). The course is February 2013.
<icid@icid.org> through the Chairman
sub-divided into 8 subjects and a paper
Further details of the course and the of the National Committee of ICID in
assignment.
on line form is available at http://www. his/her home country. The applicants
ICID is happy to announce scholarship unesco-ihe.org/Education/Non-degree- will be intimated of the award of
to two Young Professionals to Programmes/Online-courses/Service- scholarship by ICID Central Office.
participate in this e-Learning Program


modernization of irrigation (floods and droughts); Soil management
FIRST
W RLD infrastructure
2.3 Partnership of various stakeholders in
and tillage practices to adapt to the
impacts of a changing climate.
financing the irrigation and drainage Submission of Papers and Short
sector Communications
FORUM Sub-theme 3: Integrated Water Manage- Full Papers (maximum of 10 pages of
ment Approaches for Sustainable Food A-4 ) on the Sub-theme, topics and
Production international workshops are solicited from
CALL FOR PAPERS potential contributors. The papers will
3.1 Water-Land-Food- Energy nexus
29 September to 1 October 2013 go through a review process. Authors of
3.2 Challenges of sharing water between
Mardin, Turkey selected papers would be invited to make
sectors (domestic, industry agriculture,
a presentation in 15 minutes through
ICID is bringing together representatives and environment) in consideration
maximum of 10-15 Power Point slides.
of all stakeholders involved in irrigation with increasing population and
of all types and at all scales under the climate change
Schedule for submission of papers
umbrella of World Irrigation Forum (WIF) 3.3 Irrigation and drainage for
environmental sustainability (i) Submission of abstract(s) 15
scheduled to be held from 29 September
of full paper(s) (max. 300 January
to 1 October 2013 at Mardin, Turkey.
Workshop 1: Water Wisdom and words): 2013
It will include policy makers, experts,
Sustainability (ii) Notification of 28
research institutions, non-governmental
organizations, private sector companies Water wisdom of the past and relevant acceptance of full papers February
and farmers, among others. The WIF case studies; Wisdom and knowledge & submission of short 2013
is being organized in cooperation with management; Water and sustainability; communication
the host Turkish National Committee on Case studies of sustainable historical water (iii) Submission of full 30 April
Irrigation and Drainage (TUCID) and in schemes; Using the tradition methods paper/ notification of 2013
partnership with FAO, IWMI, GWP, ADB for creative and modern innovations in acceptance of short
and IFPRI. water engineering; Re-learning the lost communication
knowledge; Synergy and combination (iv) Notification to author, 30 June
How irrigated agriculture can meet
of modern and traditional methods; as regards oral/poster 2013
aspirations of various stakeholders under
Comparison of traditional methods with presentation
the increasing food demands in the 21st
modern technology in rural areas
Century requires systematic review of
the policies, techniques, implementation Workshop 2: Developing Management Short Communications (maximum of 4
strategies to identify more sustainable Strategies for Coping with Drought and pages of A-4) on sub-themes and topics
water management strategies under Water Scarcity are solicited from potential contributors.
limiting natural resources – both land The short communications should describe
Drought Management Strategies: new/promising products (equipment,
and water- under competing financial
Quantification or categorization of drought; software, models, management practices,
resources. The Forum will therefore
Predicting or forecasting drought; Drought institutional arrangements, etc.). Short
strive to address under the main theme
management strategies under national, communications will be invited to be
‘Irrigation and drainage in a changing
water management and end user levels; presented briefly in 5 minutes through 3-5
world: challenges and opportunities for
Implementation of strategies during real slides.
global food security’ and sub-themes. In
drought conditions; Effectiveness of
addition other international workshops, Guidelines for authors are available at
strategies during real drought conditions
special sessions and side events will be http://www.icid.org/wif_icid.html. Abstracts
organized. Coping with Water Scarcity: Quantification / papers / short communication must be
or categorization of water short regions; submitted online after registering on the
Sub-theme 1: Policy, Science and Society
Concepts and main aspects of water following URL: https://www.easychair.org/
Interactions
scarcity; new developments and trends conferences/?conf=fwif2013. All authors
1.1 Policy requirements for better in coping with water scarcity in water are requested to create a new account
governance stressed regions on the above URL for submission of their
1.2 Innovations, extension and improved Rainfall Management/Water Harvesting: papers by using “sign up for an account”.
irrigation and drainage services Rainfall management tools; Strategies The Secretariat, Turkish National
1.3 Greater interaction among water / policies for rainfall management; Committee on Irrigation and Drainage
users, agents, governmental Effectiveness of rainfall management; (TUCID); Devlet Mahallesi Inönü Bulvari
organizations. Rainfall management effect on surface No. 16, 06100 Çankaya /ANKARA-
runoff and stream flow TURKEY, Tel: +90-312-425-2059, Fax:
Sub-theme 2: Challenges and Develop-
ments in Financing Irrigation and Workshop 3: Management of Water, +90-312-425-4614, E-mail: icid2013@dsi.
Drainage Sector Crops and Soils under Climate Change gov.tr, Website: www.icid2013.org, www.
worldirrigationforum.org.
2.1 Roles of water users, governmental Quantifying GHG emissions (N2O, CH4
organizations, and private sector in and CO2) and carbon sequestration under For further details/ clarification, if any,
the development of irrigation and current irrigation practices; Developing please contact Dr. Vijay K Labhsetwar,
drainage strategies and technologies for minimizing WIF Coordinator <icid@icid.org>
2.2 Financing mechanisms for GHG emissions in water-managed
investments in new technology, production systems; Use of improved crop
construction, rehabilitation and varieties to cope with extreme events

Editor: Dr. S.A. Kulkarni, Executive Secretary, ICID Central Office, New Delhi, India
Tel: +91-11-2611 6837/5679, E-mail: icid@icid.org


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Managing Water for Sustainable Agriculture: Challenges of Irrigation Development in Brazil