Climate Change Armi Sutandi

1. Tackling Climate
Change in Indonesia
Dr. Armi Susandi, MT.
Head of Meteorology Department, ITB
National Council on Climate Change
Training for Enhancing Reporting Skills in Child Centered Disaster Risk
Reduction (CCDRR) and Climate Change for Journalist in Indonesia
Bandung - Indonesia, 28 - 31 July 2009

2. OUTLINE
• Climate Change
• Impacts of Climate Change in Indonesia
• Climate Change Vulnerability in Indonesia
• Tackling Climate Change
• National Council on Climate Change
• International Climate Change Convention
• Submission to UNFCCC

3. Climate change impacts are alreadyClimate change impacts are already
occurring and more are inevitableoccurring and more are inevitable
The risk of serious irreversible impacts increases strongly as temperatures increase

4. Impact of Climate Change
on Indonesia

5. Climate Change Vulnerability
Flood
Drought
Forest
Fires
Flood Flood

6. Basic Concept
(IPCC, 2001)
CLIMATE CHANGE
Including Variability
Human Interference
MITIGATION
Of Climate Change via
GHG Sources and Sinks
Exposure
Initial Impacts
Of Effects
Autonomous
Adaptations
Residual or
Net Impacts
Planned
ADAPTATION
To the Impacts
and Vulnerability
Policy Responses
IMPACTS
VULNERABILITIES

7. TACKLING CLIMATE CHANGE

8. Adaptation to Climate Change
• Dynamical Model
• Visual Observation
• Statistical Model

9. Weather Prediction
Weather Prediction
Rainfall
Wind
Direction
and
Speed
Temperature
Warm/Cold Wave
Gas Emission

10. Result of Weather Projection and Prediction

11. Rainfall Variable
Topography Constant
Vegetation Variable
Land-use
Change
Variable
Hydrology Constant
Technology
Capacity Variable
Population
Distribution
Variable
Source :
Susandi et al., 2009

12. Model of Climate Prediction
for Developing Policy

13. Index of Climate
Change Vulnerability
0
0 .1
0 .2
0 .3
0 .4
0 .5
0 .6
0 .7
0 .8
0 .9
1
(Susandi et. al, 2009)
2035
Sea Wall 100 % of the distance
Sample of Adaptation Option in Climate Change
Vulnerable Area
Development:
1. Water Resource
2. Water Collector
3. Polder
4. Networking Pipes
5. More Pipes &
Polder

14. Mitigation to Climate Change
• Renewable Energy
• Forestry
• Ocean

15. Wind Energy
Solar Energy
Biomass Energy
Geothermal Energy
Coal Energy Source: Susandi, et al., 2008
Renewable Energy

16. Forestry

17. Scenario-based simulation to assess the impacts of
reforestation over Indonesia on climatic parameters

18. Carbon Uptake
Scenario-based simulation to assess the impacts of reforestation over Indonesia
on climatic parameters

19. Kyoto Protocol
2008 – 2012
Post Kyoto
2013 on
COP 14 COP 15 COP 16 COP 17
COP 18
Indonesia Forestry–
SUSTAIN
-ABLE
FOREST
MGNT

20. OCEAN

21. The Net Flux of CO2
Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2
yr-1(Source: H. Kettle and C. J. Merchant, 2005)

22. The Net Flux of CO2
SST (o
C)
Wind speed (ms-1
)
Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2
yr-1
January
(West Monsoon and Southwest Monsoon)

23. The Net Flux of CO2
SST (o
C)
Wind speed (ms-1
)
Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2
yr-1
April
(Transition I)

24. The Net Flux of CO2
SST (o
C)
Wind speed (ms-1
)
Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2
yr-1
July
(East Monsoon and Northwest Monsoon)

25. The Net Flux of CO2
SST (o
C)
Wind speed (ms-1
)
Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2
yr-1
September
(transition II)

26. NCCC (National Council on
Climate Change)
DNPI (Dewan Nasional Perubahan
Iklim)

27. Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim (DNPI)Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim (DNPI)
Perpres 46 /2008Perpres 46 /2008
Head : President
Vice : Menko EKON
Menko KESRA
ORGANIZATION MANDATE

28. NCCC (National Council on Climate Change)
1. Mainstreaming mitigation and adaptation policy on climate change in sector
and district.
2. Arrange Strategy of Low-Emission Sustainable Development (Energy, Industry,
Forestry, and Agriculture)
3. Enhance Information, assessment and mechanism on arrangement and
carbon market.
4. Programming communication, information, and education regarding to
climate change in Indonesia
5. Monitoring and evaluating on implementation of DNPI policy
6. Utilize Bali Road Map in various International negotiations
7. Enhance Clean Development Mechanism Commission

29. The Climate Change Convention

31. UNFCCC :
Global Agreement on Climate Change
• Objective: Stabilization of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the
atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic
interference with the climate system
• Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to :
• to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change
• to ensure that food production is not threatened, and
• to enable economic development and to proceed in a sustainable manner
• Principles: Parties to the Convention should protect the climate systems on
the basis of :
• Equity
• Common but differentiated responsibility
• Respective capabilities

32. Convention under UNFCCC:
• COP = Conference of the Parties;
• COP/MOP : Conference of the Parties/ Meeting of
the Parties;
• SBSTA = Subsidiary Body for Scientific,
Technical, and Advice;
• SBI = Subsidiary Body for Implementation;
• In-sessional workshop;
• Inter-sessional workshop;

33. COP
• Conference of the Parties is highest
convention institution
• Main mission is promoting and
reviewing implementation of
convention result
• This convention has been held for 14
times.

34. Subsidiary Bodies
• Two organization in helping COP
• The Subsidiary Body for Scientific &
Technological Advice provide information and
suggestion in Sciences and Technology
• The subsidiary Body for Implementation help to
COP in evaluate and reviewing implementation
from COP

35. Toward UNFCCC
Enhanced Action on Adaptation and its Means of
Implementation
Enhanced Action on Mitigation
Enhanced Action on Financing, Technology and Capacity
Building

36. Adaptation Workgroup Proposed
to UNFCCC
• Exchange information and knowledge at the local,
regional, and international level.
• Enhance data collection and availability to inform
adaptation planning.
• Build capacity for enabling environments in a
manner that leads to progress on adaptation
• Enhance coherence and facilitate linkages with
organization

37. • Stabilization of forest cover, thereby forest carbon
stocks
• Conservation and maintenance of forest carbon stocks
due to sustainable management forest
• Reduction in deforestation rates
• Reduction in forest degradation
• Enhancement of forest carbon stocks
REDD Workgroup Proposed to
UNFCCC

38. SUBMISSION BY
INDONESIA

39. Adaptation
• Enhance scientific monitoring activities to develop
ways and means to adapt to the effects of climate
change on the ocean.
• Exchange lessons learned and best practices, and
enhance assessment of the vulnerability of oceans
and coasts to the effects of climate change in order
to facilitate the implementation of adaptation
measures

40. Technology Transfer
Improved understanding on the role of oceans on
climate change and vice-versa, and its effects on
marine ecosystems, marine biodiversity and coastal
communities, especially in developing countries and
small island states; including marine scientific
research and sustained integrated ocean observation
systems.

41. Capacity Building
Promote gathering and exchange of information
related to climate change impacts on marine
ecosystems, communities, fisheries and other
industries; emergency preparedness, monitoring,
and forecasting climate change and ocean
variability; and improving public awareness of early
warning system capacity.

42. Thank YouThank You
armi@geoph.itb.ac.id
www.armisusandi.com