This document provides an overview of Spring autowiring and annotation-based configuration. It discusses the different autowiring modes including byName, byType, and constructor. It also covers key annotations like @Autowired, @Qualifier, and @Required. The document explains how to enable annotation-based configuration in Spring and examples of using annotations on setter methods, constructors, and properties. Finally, it introduces Java-based Spring configuration using @Configuration and @Bean along with topics that will be covered in the next session on Spring AOP.
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Autowiring Beans
• The Spring container can autowire relationships between collaborating
beans without using <constructor-arg> and <property> elements
• This helps cut down on the amount of XML configuration you write for a
big Spring based application.
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Autowiring Modes
Mode Description
no This is default setting which means no autowiring and you should use explicit
bean reference for wiring. You have nothing to do special for this wiring.
byName Autowiring by property name. Spring container looks at the properties of the
beans on which autowire attribute is set to byName in the XML configuration
file. It then tries to match and wire its properties with the beans defined by
the same names in the configuration file.
byType Autowiring by property datatype. Spring container looks at the properties of
the beans on which autowire attribute is set to byType in the XML
configuration file. It then tries to match and wire a property if its type matches
with exactly one of the beans name in configuration file. If more than one such
beans exists, a fatal exception is thrown.
constructor Similar to byType, but type applies to constructor arguments. If there is not
exactly one bean of the constructor argument type in the container, a fatal
error is raised.
autodetect Spring first tries to wire using autowire by constructor, if it does not work,
Spring tries to autowire by byType.
10. Java & JEE Training
Annotation Based Configuration
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Annotation Based Configuration
• Starting Spring 2.5, instead of using XML to describe a bean wiring, you can
move the bean configuration into the component class itself by using
annotations on the relevant class, method, or field declaration.
• Annotation injection is performed before XML injection, thus the latter
configuration will override the former for properties wired through both
approaches.
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Switching on Annotation based configuration/wiring
• Not switched on by default.
• Enable it in the configuration xml file.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<!-- bean definitions go here -->
</beans>
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Switching on Annotation based configuration/wiring
• Once <context:annotation-config/> is configured, you can start annotating
your code to indicate that Spring should automatically wire values into
properties, methods, and constructors.
• Following significant annotations are used:
@Required
@Autowired
@Qualifier
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@Required Annotation
• applies to bean property setter methods and it indicates that the affected
bean property must be populated in XML configuration file at configuration
time
• otherwise the container throws a BeanInitializationException exception
public class Student {
private Integer age;
private String name;
@Required
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
@Required
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}
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@Autowired
• provides more fine-grained control over where and how autowiring should
be accomplished.
• The @Autowired annotation can be used to autowire bean on the setter
method just like @Required annotation, constructor, a property or
methods with arbitrary names and/or multiple arguments.
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@Autowired on setter methods
• Use @Autowired annotation on setter methods to get rid of the
<property> element in XML configuration file.
• When Spring finds an @Autowired annotation used with setter methods, it
tries to perform byType autowiring on the method.
//Student.java
private Address address;
@Autowired
public void setAddress( Address address){
this.address = address;
}
<context:annotation-config/>
<!-- Definition for student bean without constructor-arg -->
<bean id=“student" class=“demo.Student">
</bean>
<!-- Definition for address bean -->
<bean id=“address" class=“demo.address">
</bean>
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@Autowired on Constructors
• A constructor @Autowired annotation indicates that the constructor
should be autowired when creating the bean, even if no <constructor-arg>
elements are used while configuring the bean in XML file.
private SpellChecker spellChecker;
@Autowired
public TextEditor(SpellChecker spellChecker){
System.out.println("Inside TextEditor constructor." );
this.spellChecker = spellChecker;
}
<context:annotation-config/>
<!-- Definition for textEditor bean without constructor-arg -->
<bean id="textEditor" class="demo.TextEditor">
</bean>
<!-- Definition for spellChecker bean -->
<bean id="spellChecker" class="demo.SpellChecker">
</bean>
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@Autowired(required=false)
• By default, the @Autowired annotation => the dependency is required
similar to @Required annotation.
• However, you can turn off the default behavior by using (required = false)
option with @Autowired.
public class Student {
private Integer age;
private String name;
@Autowired(required=false)
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
@Autowired
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}
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Java based configuration using- @Configuration and @Bean
import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;
@Configuration
public class HelloWorldConfig {
@Bean
public HelloWorld helloWorld(){
return new HelloWorld();
}
}
<beans>
<bean id="helloWorld" class=“demo.HelloWorld" />
</beans>
ApplicationContext ctx =
new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(HelloWorldConfig.class);
HelloWorld helloWorld = ctx.getBean(HelloWorld.class);
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Java based configuration… Injecting bean dependency
import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;
@Configuration
public class AppConfig {
@Bean
public Foo foo() {
return new Foo(bar());
}
@Bean
public Bar bar() {
return new Bar();
}
}
?? Complete the exercise..
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Java based configuration - @Import
@Configuration
public class ConfigA {
@Bean
public A a() {
return new A();
}
}
@Configuration
@Import(ConfigA.class)
public class ConfigB {
@Bean
public B a() {
return new A();
}
}
ApplicationContext ctx =
new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ConfigB.class);
