A body area network (BAN), also referred to as a wireless body area network (WBAN) or a body sensor network (BSN) or a medical body area network (MBAN), is a wireless network of wearable computing devices.

1. L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad
BODY SENSOR NETWORKS
PRESENTED BY: APOORVA
ENROLLMENT NO. : 190280705003

2. Content
1. Introduction
2. Characteristics of WBANs
3. BAN Communication Architecture
4. Types of BAN communication architecture
5. Challenges
6. Applications
7. Conclusion
8. References

3. Introduction
•A body area network (BAN), also referred to as a wireless body area
network (WBAN) or a body sensor network (BSN) or a medical body area
network (MBAN), is a wireless network of wearable computing devices.
•Wearable wireless body sensor network is an application based on the integration of
sensing and information and communication technologies and has its potential in
practical applications[1].
•In BANs, sensors continuously monitor human’s physiological activities and actions,
such as health status and motion pattern.

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF WBANS
A. Types of Nodes in a WBA : A node in a WBAN is defined as an independent device with
communication capability. Nodes can be classified into three different groups based on their
functionality, implementation and role in the network.
B. Number of Nodes in a WBAN : the number of nodes in a WBAN is stated to range from
a few actuators or sensors communicating with a portable handset reaching up to tens to
hundreds of actuators or sensors communicating with a gateway to the Internet.
C. Topology used in WBANs : WBANs to operate in either a one-hop or two-hop star
topology with the node in the center of the star being placed on a location like the waist.

5. Fig 2. A three-tier architecture based on a BAN communications system
BAN Communication Architecture

6. BAN-based health monitoring system. ECG, (electroencephalography) EEG,
(electromyography) EMG, motion sensors, and blood pressure sensors send
data to nearby personal server (PS) devices. Then, through a Bluetooth/WLAN
connection, these data are streamed remotely to a medical doctor’s site for
real time diagnosis, to a medical database for record keeping, or
to the corresponding equipment that issues an emergency alert.
we separate the BAN communications architecture into three components:
Tier-1-Comm design (i.e., intra-BAN communications),
Tier-2-Comm design (i.e., inter-BAN communications), and
Tier-3-Comm design (i.e., beyond-BAN
communications),

7. Types of BAN communication architecture
1. Intra-BAN communications
We introduce the term “intra-BAN communications” in reference to radio communications of about 2 meters
around the human body, which can be further sub-categorized as:
(1) communications between body sensors, and
(2) (2) communications between body sensors and the portable PS

8. Cont.
2. Inter-BAN communications
we define “inter-BAN communications” as the communications between the PS and one or more
access points (APs).
2.1 Infrastructure based architecture
Most BAN applications use infrastructure-based, inter- BAN communications that assumes an environment with
limited space, e.g., a waiting room in hospital, home and office, etc.
Inter-BAN communication architecture: infrastructure
based mode

9. Inter-BAN communication architecture: ad
hoc based mode
Architecture of intra-BAN communication: a wired; b directly connected to AP c wireless; d hybrid; e cluster & wireless
2.2 Ad hoc based architecture
In the ad hoc based architecture, multiple APs are deployed to help the body sensors transmit information within
medical centers.
Cont.

10. Challenges
Problems with the use of this technology could include:
 Data Quality
 Data Management
 Security
 System devices
 Interference

11. Applications
1. WBAN applications span a wide area such as military, ubiquitous health care, sport,
entertainment and many other areas.
2. A BAN in place on a patient can alert the hospital, even before they have a heart attack,
through measuring changes in their vital signs.
3. A BAN on a diabetic patient could auto inject insulin through a pump, as soon as their
insulin level declines.
4. A BAN can be used, to learn the underlying health state transitions and dynamics of
a disease.

12. CONCLUSION
Using conventional medical sensing devices, Bluetooth an smartphone system we
implementing the concept of wearing body senor network. The system could be successfully
utilized as a monitoring
body for people working in isolated environments and this would be a base study for further
development.
WBANs will allow for continuous monitoring of patients in medical applications, capable of early
detection of abnormal conditions resulting in major improvements in the quality of life. Importantly,
even basic vital signs monitoring (e.g. heart rate) can enable patients to engage in normal activities as
opposed to being home bound or nearby specialized medical services

13. REFERENCES
[1] A. Milenkovic, C. Otto, and E. Jovanov, “Wireless sensor networks for personal health monitoring:
Issues and an implementation,” ComputerCommunications (Special issue: Wireless Sensor Networks:
Performance,
Reliability, Security, and Beyond, vol. 29, pp. 2521–2533, 2006.
[2] Akyildiz IF, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E (2002) Wireless sensor networks: a survey. Comput
Networks
38(4):393–422.
[3] Conceptual Study of Wireless BAN using Bluetooth/IEEE 802.11n-
http://www.ijarcce.com/upload/2016/november-16/IJARCCE%2084.pdf.
[4] Sana Ullah, Henry Higgins, Bart Braem, Benoit Latre, Chris Blondia, Ingrid Moerman, Shahnaz Saleem, Ziaur
Rahman and Kyung Sup Kwak, A Comprehensive Survey of Wireless Body Area Networks: On PHY, MAC, and
Network Layers Solutions, Journal of Medical Systems (Springer), 2010. doi:10.1007/s10916-010-9571-3