1. THINKING
NURHAFIZAH AHMAD KAMAL INTRODUCTION
NOR ATIQAH MAHZAN CRITICAL THINKING
IYLIA HANIM ABRAHMAN CREATIVE THINKING
NURUL NADIAH HASSAN INNOVATIVE THINKING
SITI NURTHURAYA BADJENID REFLECTIVE THINKING

2. What Is Thinking?
Old English - þoht, or geþoht, from stem of þencan
"to conceive of in the mind, consider".
When an individual, in reaction to a range of stimuli, starts a
process that modifies or strengthens their world view, beliefs,
opinions, attitudes, and behaviours.
Able to consider things carefully and understand
what is important.
Thinking allows beings to make sense of the world in different
ways, and to represent or interpret it in ways that are significant to
them, or which accord with their needs, attachments, objectives,
plans, commitments, ends and desires.
2

3. CRITICAL THINKING
• According to John Dewey critical thinking is an
active, persistent and careful consideration of
belief or supposed form of knowledge in the
light of the grounds which support it and the
further conclusions to which it tends.
• From his definition we can simply say that CT
comprised of 4 components which are active,
persistent, careful consideration and supports
and conclusion. So lets take a look one by one
about the components.

4. CHARACTERISTICS
• ACTIVE
• PERSISTENT
• CAREFUL CONSIDERATION
• SUPPORT AND CONCLUSION
• INDEPENDENT
• SKEPTICAL
• HYPERCRITICAL

5. CREATIVE THINKING
CREATIVITY
Bringing into being of something which did not exist before
• Product
• Process
• Thought
CREATIVE THINKING
A process which we use when we come up with a new idea.
Merging of ideas
Eg : brainstorming
-merging someone else’s ideas with our
own to create NEW IDEA
-use ideas of others as stimulus
Accidental or deliberate

6. HOW TO DEVELOP
• passion
• knowledge and experiences
• method
OBSTACLE TO CREATIVE THINKING
• i`m not creative
• fear of failure
• what will people think
• stress

7. INNOVATIVE THINKING
• It’ s mainly about:
• Imagination>> look at something ordinary and
see the extraordinary
• Invention>> able to come up with something
that nobody has come up with before.

8. INNOVATIVE THINKING
• Also describing about:
– How to develop this thinking
– Some rules that we should do and avoid in our
way to innovative thinking
– How we are going to stimulate the ideas to come?
– Some example of medical innovation

9. REFLECTIVE THINKING
• DEFINITION:
– a form of personal response to experiences,
situations, events or new information.
a 'processing' phase where thinking and learning
take place

10. REFLECTIVE THINKING-how to develop
• How? Where?
• Drawing -anywhere
• Writing -in regular course of your
• Talking activity
• portfolio -in a quiet dark room
Examples
Personaly : daily tasks.
In class: literature review
Group work: peer assesment ,
group work