Energy Distance on an Electric Power Grid
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Slide from Netsci2014 at Berkeley, US, 2014. We analyse supply and demand pairs between power plants and substations on Chilean power-grid network. The system load are used as the unit for life cycle greenhouse gas allocation.
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Energy Distance on an Electric Power Grid
- 1. Energy distance in an electric power grid Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), South Korea 6 June, 2014. NetSci2014, Berkeley, CA Heetae Kim, Petter Holme
- 2. Energy distance ↳Network analysis Result ↳Estimate path-considered environmental impacts Greenhouse gas emission ↳Life cycle assessment Necessity of improvement ↳Topological imbalance Background ↳ Motivation ↳ Environmental impacts of electric power system ↳ Necessity Outline
- 4. Can energy system be just?
- 5. The way how to reflect the transmission load of an electric power grid in environmental impacts assessment
- 6. Background - Environmental impacts
- 7. Background - Environmental impacts
- 8. Background - Electricity consumption Resource combustion Environmental impacts Greenhouse gas emissions
- 9. Background - Electricity consumption Resource combustion Environmental impacts Greenhouse gas emissions
- 10. Background - Electricity consumption Resource combustion Environmental impacts Greenhouse gas emissions
- 11. Background - Electricity consumption Resource combustion Environmental impacts Greenhouse gas emissions
- 12. Background - Electricity consumption Resource combustion Environmental impacts Greenhouse gas emissions = =
- 13. Electricity consumption Resource combustion Greenhouse gas emissions = = Background - Environmental impacts
- 14. Electricity consumption Resource combustion Life cycle assessment (LCA) [ISO(2006) “ISO14044”] ↳Estimate comprehensive environmental impacts Greenhouse gas emissions = = Background - Environmental impacts
- 15. DisposalMaintenanceConstructionElectricity consumption Resource combustion Life cycle assessment (LCA) [ISO(2006) “ISO14044”] ↳Estimate comprehensive environmental impacts Greenhouse gas emissions = = Background - Environmental impacts
- 16. DisposalMaintenanceConstructionElectricity consumption Resource combustion Greenhouse gas emissions = =+ + + Life cycle assessment (LCA) [ISO(2006) “ISO14044”] ↳Estimate comprehensive environmental impacts Background - Environmental impacts
- 17. DisposalMaintenanceConstructionElectricity consumption Resource combustion Greenhouse gas emissions / (g of CO2/kWh) = =+ + + Background - Environmental impacts Conversion factor
- 18. DisposalMaintenanceConstructionElectricity consumption Resource combustion Greenhouse gas emissions / (g of CO2/kWh) = =+ + + Background - Environmental impacts Conversion factor
- 19. Total emission Conversion factor of Electricity consumption Total emission Conversion factor of Electricity consumption What is now Total emission Conversion factor of Electricity consumption Total emission Conversion factor of Facility usage What is ideal × × × ×
- 20. DisposalMaintenanceConstructionElectricity consumption Resource combustion Greenhouse gas emissions = =+ + + Background - Environmental impacts / (g of CO2/kWh) Conversion factor
- 21. DisposalMaintenanceConstructionElectricity consumption Resource combustion Greenhouse gas emissions = =+ + + Background - Environmental impacts / (g of CO2/kWh) Conversion factor
- 22. Why is the transmission load not negligible? The topological imbalance of transmission paths ↳Extreme scale of power grid ↳Various supply-demand pairs Necessity
- 23. Consumer A Necessity - 1. Topological imbalance with increasing scale
- 24. Consumer A Consumer B Consumer C Necessity - 1. Topological imbalance with increasing scale
- 25. Necessity - 1. Topological imbalance with increasing scale
- 26. Necessity - 1. Topological imbalance with increasing scale
- 27. NorNed Necessity - 1. Topological imbalance with increasing scale
- 28. Necessity - 1. Topological imbalance with increasing scale
- 29. Asia Super Grid Necessity - 1. Topological imbalance with increasing scale
- 30. Necessity - 1. Topological imbalance with increasing scale
- 31. DeserTec Necessity - 1. Topological imbalance with increasing scale
- 32. Necessity - 1. Topological imbalance with increasing scale
- 33. Necessity - 2. Various supply demand pairs Consumer B Consumer A Consumer C
- 34. Necessity - 2. Various supply demand pairs Consumer B Consumer A Consumer C
- 35. Necessity - 2. Various supply demand pairs Consumer B Consumer A Consumer C
- 37. Consumer B Consumer A Consumer C Necessity - 2. Various supply demand pairs
- 38. Consumer B Consumer A Consumer C Necessity - 2. Various supply demand pairs
- 39. Consumer B Consumer A Consumer C Necessity - 2. Various supply demand pairs
- 40. Electric power market is becoming more complex. It is required to reflect the complex supply and demand relationship in the environmental impact assessment
- 43. Energy distance2Total GHG emissions1
- 44. Energy distance2 GHG allocation3Total GHG emissions1
- 45. Energy distance GHG allocationTotal GHG emissions 2 31
- 46. Energy distance GHG allocationTotal GHG emissions 2 31 SIC center of Economic Load Dispatch (CDEC-SIC) ✓the main national electricity system ✓serves 92% of country’s population ✓10 regions out of 15 ✓42 provinces out of 57 Data collection ✓2007 to 2012 System boundary
- 47. Energy distance GHG allocationTotal GHG emissions 2 31 SIC center of Economic Load Dispatch (CDEC-SIC) ✓the main national electricity system ✓serves 92% of country’s population ✓10 regions out of 15 ✓42 provinces out of 57 Data collection ✓2007 to 2012 System boundary
- 48. ↳CO2 conversion factor × amount of electricity consumption [ISO(2006) “ISO14044”] Energy distance GHG allocationTotal GHG emissions 2 31 = g CO2/ kWh × kWh = g CO2 g CO2/ kWh MWh 0.006 325 0.266 13,450 0.157 7,946 0.285 14,385 0.027 1,1,358 0.020 1,013 0.239 12,072 = 23.02 Mt CO2-eq GHG emissions of Chilean electric power system Itten, R. et al. (2013). "Life Cycle Inventories of Electricity Mixes and Grid", ESU-services Ltd. CNE (2012). "Instalaciones de transmisión por sistema eléctrico nacional." Comisión Nacional de Energía
- 49. Energy distance GHG allocationTotal GHG emissions 2 31 Amount of electricity consumption × Transmission distance ei = mijdij j ∑ i : a substation j : a power plant eij : energy distance of i mij: the amount of electricity supply from j to i dij : the transmission distance from j to i i j Power plant Substation Transmission distance d 2 A B 1 Greedy algorithm ↳the nearest substation has priority Possible pair Transmission distance Optim al Electricity supply m
- 50. Energy distance GHG allocationTotal GHG emissions 2 31 466 Nodes ↳129 Power plants 291 Substations 46 Towers 543 edges
- 51. Energy distance GHG allocationTotal GHG emissions 2 31 466 Nodes ↳129 Power plants 291 Substations 46 Towers 543 edges
- 52. Energy distance GHG allocationTotal GHG emissions 2 31 466 Nodes ↳129 Power plants 291 Substations 46 Towers 543 edges
- 53. Energy distance GHG allocationTotal GHG emissions 2 3
- 54. Energy distance GHG allocationTotal GHG emissions 2 31
- 55. Energy distance GHG allocationTotal GHG emissions 2 31 0 1200 MWh Electricity consumption
- 56. Energy distance GHG allocationTotal GHG emissions 2 31 0 1200 MWh 0 4000 km Electricity consumption Transmission distance
- 57. Energy distance GHG allocationTotal GHG emissions 2 31 0 4000 km0 1200 MWh Electricity consumption Transmission distance
- 58. Energy distance GHG allocationTotal GHG emissions 2 31
- 59. by energy distanceby consumption Energy distance GHG allocationTotal GHG emissions 2 31 676 66000 kt CO2 Greenhouse gas emissions allocated
- 60. by energy distanceby consumption Energy distance GHG allocationTotal GHG emissions 2 31 676 66000 kt CO2 Greenhouse gas emissions allocated
- 61. Network analysis on electric power grid ↳ Useful not only topological analysis but also functional analysis Energy distance ↳ Both # of electricity consumption and transmission distance Re-allocate environmental impacts to users ↳ Life cycle assessment on GHG emissions ↳ Energy distance analysis ↳ Make the fair allocation possible Summary
- 62. Super cool. Thank you! Prof. Petter Holme Fariba Karimi Heetae Kim Eun Lee Minjin Lee Acknowledgment