Sepsis and septic shock represent a significant healthcare burden. The incidence of sepsis has increased in recent decades, affecting over 660,000 people in 2000. Sepsis progresses along a continuum from systemic inflammatory response syndrome to severe sepsis to septic shock. Common sites of infection include the lungs, abdomen, and urinary tract, while common pathogens are gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Early goal-directed therapy within 6 hours improves outcomes by optimizing oxygen delivery through fluid administration, vasopressors, inotropes, and blood transfusions.

1. Sepsis and Septic Shock Akram M Fayed, MD, ABIM Lecturer, Department of Critical Care Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Alexandria Pharmacotherapy 2008. S. LENA KANG-BIRKEN AND JOSEPH T. DIPIRO

5. Definition

8. Definition

17. CELLULAR COMPONENTS FOR INITIATING THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS

18. PRO- AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS The balance between pro- and antiinflammatory mediators (CARS, compensatory antiinflammatory response syndrome; IL, interleukin; IL-1RA, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; TNF-α , tumor necrosis factor-α.)

19. PRO- AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS Cascades of sepsis

21. CLINICAL PRESENTATION

24. PROGNOSIS

26. TREATMENT

27. TREATMENT

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