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Class 2 ENG-106.pptx
1. History of English
Language
ENG 106/121
Class 2
Course Instructor: Hazzaz Al Abtahee
Google Classroom Code for Section A: cbvw5oj
Google Classroom Code for Section B: q6gfyhg
2. Which family does the English
language belong to?
What is meant by language
family?
A language family is a
group of different
languages that all descend
from a particular common
language. The one language
that generated those other
languages in its family is
known as a protolanguage.
2
5. Which branch of the family
does the English language
belong to? English is an Indo-
European Language
specifically part of
the Germanic branch
of the family.
Along with-
German
Dutch
Swedish
5
6. Roman Rules in England and
their withdrawal: Roman general Julius
Caesar attacked
Great Britain in
55BC and after
almost 100 years and
many wars, in 43AD
the Romans conquered
Britain.
In the 5th century,
Roman administration
got endangered by
random German
invasion and they
finally left.
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7. A number of Germanic tribes
filled the vacuum- A number of Germanic
tribes from Denmark
in the north of
Germany ventured on
to the island.
1. Jutes
2. Angles
3. Saxons
They slowly replaced
the Celtic and
Romano British
cultures that had
been dominant in
that area.
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8. England begun to develop a new
culture- Celtic speakers
became concentrated
in Wales, Scotland.
While the area we
now know as England
gradually became
culturally Germanic.
The Germanic people
in Britain from a
number of separate
tribes eventually
developed a common
cultural identity. 8
10. Old English
• The Anglo-Saxons in their many kingdoms spoke a language we now
call Old English.
• Old English really sounds nothing like our modern language and is
largely incomprehensible to us.
Extract from
the old English
epic Beowulf.
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11. Words of Anglo-Saxon in Modern English
• While not understandable today, half of our commonly used words
come from this Anglo-Saxon language. (Basically most short, simple)
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12. The first major influx in the history of English
• Old English was not a static language as no languages ever are.
• However, most of the major changes to the English language through
its history came not from within but from without.
• The first major influx of change to English came with the Viking
invasion in the 8th century onward.
• Norsemen from Norway and Denmark invaded the north of England
and even set up a kingdom of their own called the Danelaw.
12
13. Viking influence on Old English
• The Vikings spoke a language called Old Norse which is the ancestor
of the modern Scandinavian languages: Icelandic, Swedish,
Norwegian and Danish.
• The influence of Old Norse on Old English was mostly vocabulary-
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14. Let’s Review
• What is language family?
• What are the major areas influenced by Roman
Administration in Britain?
• How did the British develop a Germanic culture?
• What is Old-English? What are the major literary works? Who
were the major poets?
• What kind of words of Old-English is still found in modern
English? Give some of the examples.
• What was the first major influx in the history of English
language? What kind of impact it has on modern English? 14
