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1. Name : Mohammad Hassan Azri Bin Mohd Naim
Student ID :0322316
Class : Monday ( 10am - 12pm)
Batch : January 2015
Lecturer : Mr Shankar Thiruchelvam
Submission Date : 16th
November 2015
16 April 2015
In the first Chapter of Social Psychology that i learned this
semester is about the basics information about the Subject. One of
the topics that i’ have learned in the first chapter of Social Psychology
is Social Loafing. What is actually Social Loafing? Social Loafing is
when persons are performing a task as part of a group and individual

2. effort cannot be identified. This is seen as one of the main reasons
groups are sometimes less productive than the combined
performance of their members working as individuals, but should be
distinguished from the accidental coordination problems that groups
sometimes experience. From what i understand is when one
individual is not doing his part in his work in a group work or a group
project and he is a “ free rider”. “Free Rider” is actually is when an
individual’s reduction in effort in order to avoid pulling the weight of a
fellow group member.
One individual is like procrastinating while other group members
is working trough all the task that been provide and divided. He or
she is actually just join the group because just the sake of the work. I
have been through a lot in my life that actually relate to this entry that
is Social Loafing. I experienced a lot of this entry when i actually enter
University. When i go to the University level i can see theres a lot of
type of people with their different traits and characteristics. This
shows that humans were born differently based on the environment
and traits their learned from their families and friend. From my point
of view, in universities its easy to describe and divide what kind of
student he or she is. The students who care about their grades and
the student that actually does not care about their grades. This also
shows the students has different type of thinking about their selves.
I first account er to this entry in Universities is last semester. It
happened during my group project in the subject ENBE that is
Natural Built and Environment. I was the last person to be pucked in
a group because i was late when their choosing their group. I came
like 10 minutes late for the group dividing session. When i came in
there were 4 peoples that had not been signed into a group. This
means that the 4 people are the leftovers. So the lecturer told me to
call the 4 people and joined as 1 group. At first i thought all of my
group members were fine because of my first impression their all
looked dedicated and diligent. As i was the one who assemble the
group i became the group leader. The next day, i called all of them for
a meeting during the lunch break to discuss about our projects.
I specifically told them to be at this one place before 3 pm and be
punctual. As i waited there, 3 of my group members came to the
place 10 minutes before 3 pm. This means 3 of my group members

3. are really punctual in time management. We waited for the last
member to come for the meeting for like half an hour. As i do not want
to waste any time, i proceed the meeting without him. As i moved on
to the meeting, my 4th
member of the group came 10 minutes just
before the meeting is about to ended. As i was there i ask him why he
came late. He told me that he did not know what time is actually the
meeting. It was really weird because i specifically told them all about
the time that meeting was going to start many times. He said sorry for
not been paying attention during i have been telling to the whole
group. I advised him that always be pay attention during group
sessions or you would not understand anything. He nod and said he
understand. The next following week i held another group meeting or
group session. This time i personally go to him and told him to be
there in the next meeting but the following day he did not came for
the meeting. All the group members were waiting for him to show up
but he did not. All of us tried calling him but he did not answer his
phone. The following day meet him and he said he fell asleep in the
library.
The next group session i wanted him to be there so i stayed with
him until the group session started. At last the plan worked as all the
group members where there. I was happy because we have a lot of
work to do and we have a complete of members to do work. We
divided the task but the 4th
member of the group did not start
anything. I told him to start but he kept on playing with his phone and
at the end of the session he did only 10% of his task. I told him to
finish his task at home and show me on the next session. During the
next session he came with an unfinished work. He told me that he did
not understand what he actually needs to do. I explained it to him but
he still did not understand a single thing. He told me to do it for him
would be easier, We were really close to submission deadline so i
finished all his works for him. He actually did nothing to help the
group but the group still managed to score the project. This shows
Social Laofing as the 4th
member of my group is a “Free Rider” in the
group.
23 April 2015
The second entry for this journal is Self- Perception Theory. What
is Self- Perception Theory in Social Psychology? It is an account of
attitude formation developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts

4. that people develop their attitudes (when there is no previous attitude
due to a lack of experience, etc.—and the emotional response is
ambiguous) by observing their own behavior and concluding what
attitudes must have caused it. The theory is counterintuitive in nature,
as the conventional wisdom is that attitudes determine behaviors.
Furthermore, the theory suggests that people induce attitudes without
accessing internal cognition and mood states. The person interprets
their own overt behaviors rationally in the same way they attempt to
explain others’ behaviors.
From what i understand is that we use our behaviors to help us
gauge our attitudes. This is a very common process that human
always been through in their daily lives. It is very common that
sometimes we did not actually realize that one individual can actually
acted through this theory. It was really shocked to me because it
happened to a friend of mine. In my life, i am type of who cannot
make decision on my own. That means i am the type of person that
realize on other people opinion and advices. What it comes to
relationship problems i always refer to my sister, Alisya Sofiyah. I
chose her as my adviser because she is really smart and solve
problem individual. She is really good in solving people problems. All
this is while she had been the one who gave me advices and all the
suggestion she gave me worked well. She is also type of individual
that will never be sad about silly things or small matter. As i can say
she is a really strong individual mentally or physically. She is also my
big sister and i am really close to her. She always told me that she
would never cry over a boy or a man because she thinks that it is
stupid for someone to actually cry over a relationship.
She had been through a lot in her life by facing many difficulties
and challenges but once she actually never been bragged about it or
cried over it. From my point of view she is type of person that
impossible to actually cry in any situation. It gave me a huge shock
one day that i found her crying on the hallway of my house. She is
sitting there alone and theres a lot of tissues on the floor. For me, it
was really surprising that i had never seen her cry before in my intire
life. I ran to her and ask her whats wrong. She told me that nothings
wrong and she is not crying but obviously there were tears falling
from her eyes. She cried even more after that and i persuade her to
tell me what happened. She open up to me ad said that theres a guy

5. rejected her. I was really shocked that a simplest thing like that could
actually made he cry a lot like that.
She told me that she is surprised that she would actually cry over
a guy that rejected her. She told me that she did not know what is
going on her mind that could actually make her cry like that. She told
me that this is something that she was not expected to happened as
she cried over the simplest thing. She also that she made a promise
to herself that she wont ever cry over a boy. This is something
unexpected that herself would not ha predicted. Crying over a boy.
She started to ask me over advices that what she would actually do
because she said that she do not want to lose the guy that she likes.
This is something weird that all of this time she is the one who giving
other people advices. She became so weak and clueless that time. I
start to give her advices that she gave me and she started to calm
down. This shows that some things in life that we promised ourselves
not to ever do we can actually surprised ourselves because human
emotions is unstable. Our emotion change based on the experienced
that we faced in our daily lives and sometimes we could be surprised
about the things that we do. This prove the The Self-Perception
Theory could happened to anyone even the strongest and toughest
individuals around the world.
14 March 2015
Next theory in the next chapter is called Stereotyping. A stereotype
is a thought that can be adopted about specific types of individuals or
certain ways of doing things. These thoughts or beliefs may or may

6. not accurately reflect reality. Within psychology and spanning across
other disciplines, there are different conceptualizations and theories
of stereotyping that provide their own expanded definition. Some of
these definitions share commonalities, though each one may also
harbor unique aspects that may contradict the others. In easier way
to say what is stereotype assumes that all members of a group share
some common feature.
One individuals may born differently in hands of characteristics or
physical but they all humans or individuals has something in
common. We humans somehow has the same gesture of mind about
a specific human or specific thing. Examples of stereotyping is
surrounding race saying that all Black people are good at sports
because it is grouping the race together to indicate that everyone of
that race i a good athlete Another example based on gender are like
men are strong and must do all the works. Mens are the backbone in
human daily lives can fix anything including problems and things.
We can found people stereotyping everywhere all around the world
because its a normal human behaviour to do so. Based on one
example of stereotyping occurred is when i was young and it
happened to me. It was really awkward yet weird time for me as at
the age of 7 i already started using computers. I love using computers
as i love how they actually programmed it. It is really amazing
creation. I tend to spend a lot of my time in my room using the
computer. One thing that other people assume i was doing spending
my time using the computer, is playing games. All people assume that
i spend a lot of playing games using the computer but i actually
learned programming. It is sad because even my parents are
assuming i was wasting my time playing games but actually i was
doing something useful.
I learned programming at the age of 9 and i mastered it at the age f
11. I have learned all the programming stuff through internet and i
found it really interesting. I told my parents what i was doing all the
programming in my compuer all this time but they would not listen to
me. I wanted to prove to them that i can gain a lot of benefits in
spending my time using the computer to all my doubters. At the age
of 11, i wanted to create a website that can give teachers at school to
upload their notes to the students in school. It took me awhile to

7. complete the website but it was worth it. My website got recognise my
the Education Body of Malaysia. At that point i was called by the
government to explain about my website. I told my parents and their
were really surprised about my website. They finally can see what i
have been doing all this time is not a waste of time. I went to
Putrajaya and explain about my website. I went there with parents.
The Education Body of Malaysia were really interested with my
website and told me that it is really useful to the teachers around the
whole country.
My face were put in the article that year for being one of the whiz-
kid to create a very useful website in a very young age. The following
year i was called to give a talk about how in young age we can
actually create something useful by doing the things we love. My
parents were really proud of me and they felt really bad for not
believing in me all this time. My teachers and friends were all really
shocked about the progress i am doing at that time as i was they
thought i was wasting my time using the computer by playing
computer games. This is one of the stereotyping that occurred in my
life. This shows that this is not a good thing for an individuals to
actually have stereotyping in their minds.
It is really bad thing to Stereotype. Stereotyping is not only hurtful, it
is also wrong. Even if the stereotype is correct in some cases,
constantly putting someone down based on your preconceived
perceptions will not encourage them to succeed. Stereotyping can
lead to bullying form a young age. Jocks and Preps pick on the Nerds
and the Geeks. Skaters pick on the Goths, so on and so forth.
Stereotyping is encouraging bullying behavior that children carry into
adulthood. Stereotyping can also lead people to live lives driven by
hate, and can cause the victims of those stereotypes to be driven by
fear. For example, many gays and lesbians are afraid to admit their
sexuality in fear of being judged. It is a lose-lose situation, both for
those who are doing the stereotype and those who are the victims.
23 August 2015
Next theory in the fourth chapter is Attribution Theory. Theories of
attribution focus on the methods we use to interpret another person’s

8. behavior and to infer its sources. Attributions are divided by two that
is Dispositional Attributes and Situational Attributes. Dispositional
Attributes focus on the methods we use to interpret another person’s
behavior and to infer its sources. Situational Attributes refers to
interpreting someone's behavior as being caused by the situation that
the individual is in. For example, if Jacob’s car tire is punctured he
may attribute that to a hole in the road; by making attributions to the
poor condition of the highway, he can make sense of the event
without any discomfort that it may in reality have been the result of his
bad driving.
In my case i have been through Situational Attributes in my daily
life in the University. For me, i came from a really good place or i can
say good environment. What i am trying to say is that i came from a
place where its hard for me to be in a very bad surrounding. All my
friends before my university life is very good people. For example all
my friend in high school did not smoke or taking drugs. They all are in
a good manner or i can say very positive attitude. They respect
elderly and have a good tone during conversation. When i came to
my university life i have met many different types of people. As my
house is really far from my university i have to stay in a hostel. In the
hostel is where i have met many types of people with different types
of characteristics. There are some good ones and bad ones. What i
meant by Good is that their do not disobey the hostel law, they do not
smoke and they are really nice people. As i was the last intake for my
batch, i was located to the ‘End Hall”. End Hall is where all the last
intake for my course are staying. End Hall is the least protected place
as the hostel warden rarely go there for inspection. End Hall is the
place where all the bad student stays. End Hall is the place where
students smoke and doing bad illegal stuff. As my room is located at
the End Hall all my room mates and friends are actually bad people.
At first it was hard for me to adapt in the situation like that. An
situation where they smoke and make private parties. I felt like i was
in a prison at first because i rarely can study there. All the student
there never studied in the End Hall. They always open loud music
and making a mess through out the whole hall. It was hard for me
because i cannot actually study there and finish all my assignment. I
was really culture shock when i first arrived there as is not something
normal for me to be in this kind of environment. The environment that

9. you can never study and have your peace and quiet. It is a place
where theres always a chaos. All the student party and make a lot of
mess. As i came from a very good surrounding i came the point
where i do not feel comfortable. Some of my room mates offer me to
smoke a cigarettes but i refuse because i know its not the right thing
to do. All my friends tried to influanced me to become on of them. I
was i a very hard situation where i had to make my own choices that
is goo to myself. As i wanted to escape from this situation i had tried
to go to the main Hall ask the Warden to change places for me to
stay. They told it is hard to transfer me to another place as the other
place is already full with other student. I have made a lot of effort for
me to change my room but the management told me its impossible.
They told me that i actually had to wait until next year to change
places.
I actually had no problem being friends with my room mates
because that i am the type of person that do not mind being friends
with anyone. That includes all my friend. I do not mind being friend
with a good person or bad person. What is important is either you are
not influanced into a bad environment. You need to always keep in
mind who you actually are do not ever change yourselves to be
something you are not. If you can keep your head straight up and
always know about you’re limitation you can always be in the right
path eventhough you’re in bad crowd or staying in a really bad
environment.This event shows the Situational Attributes inside
myself.
10 October 2015

10. The next theory ill be explaining is also from the fourth chapter
that is the Halo Effect. Halo effect is a cognitive bias in which an
observer's overall impression of a person, company, brand, or
product influences the observer's feelings and thoughts about that
entity's character or properties. It was named by psychologist
Edward Thorndike in reference to a person being perceived as having
a halo. Subsequent researchers have studied it in relation to
attractiveness and its bearing on the judicial and educational
systems. The halo effect is a specific type of confirmation bias,
wherein positive feelings in one area cause ambiguous or neutral
traits to be viewed positively. Edward Thorndike originally coined the
term referring only to people; however, its use has been greatly
expanded especially in the area of brand marketing.
The term "halo" is used in analogy with the religious concept: a
glowing circle that can be seen floating above the heads of saints in
countless medieval and Renaissance paintings. The saint's face
seems bathed in heavenly light from his or her halo. Thus, by seeing
that somebody was painted with a halo, the observer can tell that this
must have been a good and worthy person. In other words, the
observer is transferring their judgment from one easily observed
characteristic of the person (painted with a halo) to a judgment of that
person's character. Easiest way to say what is actually the Halo Effect
is one positive attribute will cause us to attribute other positive
qualities to an individual. The Halo Effect also speaks the importance
of a good first impression and can occur without our active
awareness.
I once experienced the Halo Effect one day. My oldest brother is
also taking the same course i am taking that is architecture but he is
in a different level. He is now currently taking bachelor of masters at a
public university in Pulau Pinang. He used to be a wiz-kid or also
called dean’s list student in every of his semester through out his
years as a degree student. He is my source of inspiration. He always
the person that i have been looked up to through out my life because
i always wanted to be like him. He is also the reason that i am taking
the course i’m taking right now. He just finished is last semester of
degree this year and he invited me to come to his presentation day.
He told me to come early that morning like 5 hours before the
presentation started. I came and help him he set up his works. I was

11. amazed that he came really early to set his works. Me and my brother
set his projects posters hang his project. It took us like 2 hours to
finish preparing the posters as he made like twelve AO sized posters.
At that time i already knew he is going to score really easy that day.
During the presentation, all other student that in his batch put
about average 5-6 AO posters about their project. This shows the my
brother double up his research about his project to put 12 AO posters.
During his presentation i was really surprised as all the people there
stop what they’re doing an listen and paid attention all tho his
presentation. He presented really good and smoothly as there were
no critics by the lecturers. The lecturer as a few questions about his
project and he answers it really smooth and clearly. After his
presentation ended all the people were there clapped there hands as
his presentation was really good and very impressive. I was so
inspired that day and i had promised to myself that i wanted just to be
exactly like my eldest brother. After all the presentation ended the
lecturer took a 1 hour break to sum all the marks. The lecturer
announced that my brother had the highest mark among all the other
student and got 3.9 for the creed. I was so proud of him because he
actually achieve his dream to score in his projects. I was so amazed
by his talent and work i had promised myself to always work hard to
achieve what he achieved. I wanted to be better than him and make
my parents proud. With my emotion was so energetic that time, after i
got home i started doing a lot of research about my upcoming
projects and start doing it early. I want to be exactly like him.