An analysis of the Parking Facilities conducted for the "Transport Facility Design" module during semester 3 of the bachelors (Hons) degree program in Transport and Logistics Management at University of Moratuwa.

1. Parking facilities
TL 2073- Transport Facilities design
Case study -01

2. Why parking is needed
Parking is needed to temporarily store the vehicle used
for transportation either at the origin or the destination
of travel.
 The parking lot is often the first, as well as the last,
experience that a user has of a building complex.
 It is the gateway through which all customers, visitors,
and employees pass. This first impression is very
important to the overall feeling and atmosphere
conveyed to the user

3. Implications of parking provision
Is provision of parking good or bad?
• Provision of parking is directly related with the attractiveness of places in terms of access by automobiles.
• Thus provision of parking can be used to regulate the automobile usage to access places
• It can affect the choice between purpose of land use such as residential or commercial
• What would be the outcome of unlimited free parking? Do you think it’s good ?
• Increase congestion
• Increase pollution in terms of attracting vehicular traffic
• Occupy valuable land
• What would be the outcome of no parking availability
• Places will be inaccessible to those who prefer to use automobiles
• Accessibility of places will be negatively affected if alternative travel modes such as public transit is not sufficiently
available.
• Therefore parking is something we have to manage.
• Efficient use of the land area for parking provision

4. Parking structures/facilities
Way side parking/Street parking
On street parking means the vehicles
are parked on the sides of the street
itself. This will be usually controlled by
government agencies itself.
• Parallel parking
• Angle parking

5. Parking structures/facilities
Parking lots/ off street parking
Off street parking means vehicles are
parked off the street itself. This will be
usually controlled by commercial
agencies itself. Parking lots are
common near malls, restaurants,
hospitals and other facilities that
require parking.

6. Parking structures/facilities
Parking garage/parking facility
Enclosed parking facilities. There
are several types.
Single level facilities
Multilevel facilities
Underground facilities/Basement
Automated/semi-automated stack
parking facilities

7. Key factors to consider when planning parking facilities
• Calculation of peak parking demand/storage
• Parking duration
• Vehicle type distribution and duration
• User type distribution and duration
• Total area of parking required
• Availability of land area
• Walking distance to final destination
• Parking policies
• Financial feasibility

8. Calculation of peak parking demand/storage
• Divide the total survey duration in to short intervals (1 to 5 minutes long)
• Obtain the number of vehicles stored inside the premises within each
interval
• Find the maximum storage during the survey period and the time peak
time of day.
• EPCU
• Classified peak storage (car, van/suv, MC, TW etc)

9. Parking duration
• Average dwell time = Total vehicle hours / total number of vehicles
• Obtain distributions of parking time for different vehicle types and different
users separately
• This information can be used to determine the implementation of any
parking policies such as parking charges, parking ban on certain vehicle
types etc. (refer literature to find information on how parking policies help
to mange parking demand)

10. Total area of parking required and parking layouts
Parking area required will mainly depend on the following factors:
• Design vehicle: The design vehicle will not have dimensions of the
average size car, but rather dimensions equal to or greater than the
largest common models likely to frequent a parking facility

11. Parking layout
Parallel parking Angle parking 90 degree parking
Parking layout:
• Angle of parking
• Single loaded or double
loaded

12. Parking layout
90 degree parking Angle parking

13. Parking layout
Parallel and 90 degree parking Minimum parking stall geometrics

14. Parking layout: general comments
• Angled parking stalls are generally believed to provide greater ease in parking than 90-degree
stalls
• Typically, two-way aisles are used with 90-degree parking, and one-way aisles are used with
angle parking.
• Ninety-degree parking stalls with aisles parallel to the long dimensions of the site, and 60-
degree interlocking parking stalls with one-way aisles, usually require the least amount of space
per stall.
• One-way aisles are desirable because they require less gross floor area per stall, and they
eliminate or greatly reduce head-on as well as crossing vehicular conflicts.

15. General guidelines for the project deliverables
• Final report
• Introduction to the case presented
• Background information revenant to the planning exercise
• Determination of planning parameters
• Calculation of parking space requirement
• Parking layout design
• Autocad drawings:
• Proposed parking policies
• Discussion: Financial feasibility of the proposed plan, Flexibility of the design for future developments,
alternative approaches of demand management
• You can use google map of the university premises to indicate the locations of parking facilities.
• Provide Autocad drawings of the plan view of each parking area identified in the overall map.
• Indicate clearly in your drawings the entry and exit ways to parking areas from main roadways.
• Plan view of the parking lot/garage including the arrangement of parking bays and circulation paths.
• If multistory parking facilities are proposed, provide the arrangement of one typical level.
• Any design standards and assumptions used must be backed by references and reasoning
• Raw data used for calculation must be maintained in good order for inspection if required.

16. Zone A
Zone C
Zone B