computational fluid dynamics gives you very complex analysis results. The methodology of use of cfd in race car is given here.

2. What is CFD??
• Computational Fluid Dynamics is “a
wind tunnel in the computer.”
• It is a method by which one uses certain algorithms or other
numerical formulas to analyze the fluids' flow.
• We can say it is the smoke profile made in computer.

3. aPPLiCatiONsaPPLiCatiONs
 Biomedical
 Electronics
 Defense
 Industrial
 Environmental
 Automobiles
 Submarines

4. ExamPLEs OF aPPLiCatiONs OF CFDExamPLEs OF aPPLiCatiONs OF CFD

5. Why it is NECEssary??
 To improve product performance & quality.
 To Reduce development costs.
 To Reduce lead-times and “time-to-market”
 To get optimal results.
 CFD software is portable, easy to use.
 We can modify the geometry if not satisfied
with the results.
 Simulations are parallel and multiple-purpose.

6. VariOus CFD sOFtWarEsVariOus CFD sOFtWarEs
 FLUENT
 EasyCFD_G
 Parallel FEM
 ANSYS CFX
 FLOW-3D
 Passage
 NUMECA
 CFDesign
 FlowEFD
 CFD-RC
 Phoenics
 OpenFOAM
 STATCD
 Flagship CFD

7. AerodynAmic efficiency
Aerodynamicists
measure three
variables-
 downforce
 drag
 balance

8. How does it works?
 The analysis begins with building the computer simulated model of a
physical problem.
 Conservation of matter, momentum, and energy must be satisfied throughout
the region of interest.
 Fluid and model properties are defined.
 Simplifying assumptions are made in order to make the problem tractable
(e.g., steady-state, incompressible, two-dimensional).
 Initial and boundary conditions are provided.
 The computer software divide geometric structure into specific cells or grids.
 The set of algebraic equations are solved numerically to calculate the
quantities on each of the cell.
 The resulting data is used to compute the quantities of interest (like- mass,
momentum, pressure, lift, drag etc.) and effects of all of these on the model

9. unstructured computational
mesh (5 million cells)
Computer simulated
model of ship

10. - The higher number of cells, gives more accurate results.
- CFD also concern with the ignition process of gasoline in
order to create power.
- It gives Simulations of hot exhaust gases, engine cooling,
brake heating/cooling events, tire deformations, and fuel
filling and sloshing.
How does it works?

11. mesHing
 Domain is discretized into a finite set of control volumes or cells. This process
is called as meshing.
 The meshing is classified in two main groups-
Unstructured meshing Structured meshing

12. mesHing
 The structured meshing is again then classified into following sub-types-
triangle
quadrilateral
tetrahedron pyramid
prism or wedgehexahedron arbitrary
polyhedron
 For simple geometries, quadrilateral or hexahedron meshes can provide
high-quality solutions with fewer cells.
 For complex geometries, quadrilateral or hexahedron meshes show no
numerical advantage, and you can save meshing effort by using a
triangular or tetrahedron meshes.

13. Compute the solution
The discretized conservation equations are solved iteratively. A
number of iterations are usually required to reach a converged
solution.
Convergence is reached when:
Changes in solution variables from one iteration to the next are
negligible.
Residuals provide a mechanism to help monitor this trend.
Overall property conservation is achieved.
The accuracy of a converged solution is dependent upon:
Appropriateness and accuracy of the physical models.
Grid resolution and independence.
Problem setup.

14. superComputers
 BMW Sauber F1 Team- Albert series.
 Renault F1 team- Mistral
 Force India Formula One Team- eka
 Products by CRAY supercomputers.

15. post-proCessingpost-proCessing
Results are usually reviewed in one of two ways. Graphically or Alpha-numerically.
 Graphically:
– Vector plots.
– Contours.
– Iso-surfaces.
– Flow lines.
– Animation.
• Alpha-numerics:
– Integral values.
– Drag, lift, torque calculations.
– Averages, standard deviations.
– Minima, maxima.
– Compare with experimental data.
Contours of static pressure

16. BoB tailing

17. CFD proCess

18. aDvantages
 It improves the aerodynamic efficiency and capability of racecar.
 It enhance the understanding of how various designs will perform.
 The more experiments are done in shorter amount f time.
 It is capable of analyzing overtaking conditions.
 Gives Better fuel economy & limit CO2 emissions.

19. Overtaking cOnditiOns..

20. LimitatiOns
 The millions of calculations are required to
be done to get the result.
 It is very complex.
 It's not 100% effective.

21. cOncLusiOn
 In this way, we can conclude that the Use of CFD is
very essential in the design of racecar.
 It has many advantages and it also saves time and
money.
 It reduces human efforts with improved efficiency.

22. references
 Supercomputing in F1 – Unlocking the Power of CFD
(2005)
http://www.ansys.com/industries/automotive/TPL10715.pdf
 Motor Sport Drives CFD Technology to a New Level(2008)
http://www.fluent.com/solutions/sports/tn272.pdf
 Computational Fluid Dynamics in Formula 1 Design (1999)
http://usuarios.multimania.es/motorformula1/Dinamica_de_Flui
dos_en_Formula_1.pdf
 How Does CFD Work? (5th
may 2009)
http://www.autoevolution.com/news/how-does-cfd-
computational-fluid-dynamics-work-6400.html))