A detailed description about Artificial Intelligence includes origin,evolution,design,concepts,application,construction,influence in daily life etc..

1. Artificial Intelligence
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2. What is an Artificial Intelligence?
A branch of computer science dealing with symbolic Non algorithic-
Methods of problems solving.
It works with pattern matching mechanism ,which attempt to describe
objects , events or processes in terms of their qualitative logics and
computational relationships.
To respond a situation flexibly.
To make sense out of ambiguous or contradictory messages.
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Normal Intelligence
To recognize relative importance of different elements of
situations .
Expressing emotions depends upon the situation.

3. Origin of Artificial Intelligence
Evidence of Artificial Intelligence folklore can be traced back to ancient
Egypt
Started from programmable digital computer(pdc) in 1940s
First Ai conference at Dartmount collage in 1956
Dartmount meeting:”Artificial Intelligence
name adopted”.
1986--:Rise of machine learning
* Major advance in machine
learning algorithms and
applications
1995--:AI as Science
*Integration of learning ,reasoning ,knowledge representation.
*AI methods used in vision ,language ,data etc. Next>

4. Norbert Wiener was one of the first Americans to make observations
on the principle of feedback theory. The most familiar example of
feedback theory is the thermostat. Wiener theorized that all intelligent
behavior was the result of feedback mechanisms. Mechanisms that
could possibly be simulated by machines
In 1950 Alan Turing published a landmark paper in which he speculated
about the possibility of creating machines with true intelligence. He note
that "intelligence" is difficult to define and devised his famous Turing Te
The Turing Test was the first serious proposal in the philosophy of
artificial intelligence.
In late 1955, Newell and Simon developed The Logic Theorist,
considered by many to be the first AI program. The program,
representing each problem as a tree model, would attempt to solve it by
selecting the branch that would most likely result in the correct
conclusion.
In 1956 John McCarthy regarded as the father of AI, organized a
conference to draw the talent and expertise of others interested in
machine intelligence for a month of brainstorming. He invited them
to Vermont for "The Dartmouth summer research project on artificial
intelligence." Next>

5. A.I. Timeline
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6. How to Design an AI
Over the last 5 decades, AI research has mostly been focusing on solving
specific problems .Numerous solutions have been devised and improved to do
so efficiently and reliably.
This explains why the field of Artificial Intelligence is split into many
branches , ranging from pattern Recognition to Artificial life,
including Evolutionary Computation and Planning.
How does Artificial Intelligence?
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7. Concepts Required to develop AI
Symbolic Approach
(Logic based: taught by humans,to
mimic human-intellect,used in 60s)
Sub-Symbolic Approach
(Pattern based , bottom up
approach , mimics the structure of
human brain)
Statistical Approach
(Database,programmed to analyze
itself ,improves on sub-symbolics )
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8. Languages Used to develop AI
Lisp
Prolog
STRIPS
Planner
POP-11
IPL
Python
Java
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9. LISP & PROLOG
Lisp(List Processing) is family of computer
programming language with a long history and a
distinctive , fully parenthesized polish prefix
notation. Linked list are one of the Lisp
languages.
It defines how to perform an algorithm on the
expressions.
Frames , networks and objects are responsible
for LISP’s popularity in AI community.
It is widely implementing the tools of Artificial
Intelligence.
Prolog(Programming logic) is a
general purpose logic
programming language associated
with AI and computational
linguistics.
It is expressed in terms of
relations , and a computation is
initiated by running a query over
the relations.
Functional language
General purpose
Handles wide variety of tasks , and its easier
to use also
Don’t support compared to prolog
Logical language
Specific uses
Smaller language , easier to learn
Support multifunctional reasoning

10. (1980s)Semi-automatic sensible mini
robots
Industrial Robots , coded a specific task
2nd stage Humanoid Next generation Humanoid : Same as Man
StagesofAI implementing in Robotics

11. Applications of A.I
Expert System
Natural Language Processing(NLP)
Speech Recognition
Computer Vision
Robotics

12. Expert Systems
An Expert system is a computer program designed to act as an expert
in a particular domain.
Domains of E.S Knowledge base Facts
Expert system currently are designed to assist expert s , not to replace
them , They have been used in medical diagnosis , chemicals analysis,
geological exploration etc.

13. Natural language processing
The goal is to enable people and
computer to communicate in natural
language rather than in a computer
language.
Its generally classified as two
Natural language
understanding.
Natural language
generation.

14. Speech Recognition
Speech recognition is the method of
communication used by humans is not
reading and writing it is speech.
The goal of speech recognition research is to allow
computer to understand human speech . So that they
can hear our voice and recognize the word we are
speaking.
Its simplifies the process of interactive
communication between people and computer , thus
it advances the goal of NLP.

15. Computer Vision
Ability of a machine to extract
information from an image that is
necessary to solve a task.
Image Acquisition
Image Processing
Image Analysis
Image Understanding

16. Robotics
Robot is an electro magnetic device
that can be programmed to perform
a variety of manual tasks or
reprogrammable multi function al
manipulators designed to move
materials , tools etc
Intelligent robots or
humanoids include sensory
apparatus that allows it to
respond to change in it’s
environment.

17. AI Influences the defense system
Foster-Miller TALON swords (special
weapons observation reconnaissance detection system) US-defense drones,
Bomb Diffusers
Rescuers

18. A.I in the field of Aviation
Armed predator drones(US)-It can be used for
defense as well as observation purpose also , some of
these are designed to carry atomic as well as nuclear
weapons . Its an inter continental drone.
Black hawk(US):Fully
synthesized with artificial
intelligence . Even the
motions of Pilots are being
observed. Black Bird(US):Most powerful
Nuclear and atomic carrier .It
has a reactor based power
source . fully controlled by AI

19. A.I in Space
Robotics continue to
evolve from
manufacturing, medicine
and remote exploration to
entertainment, security
and personal assistance.
Japan has announced
that they will send the
first humanoid robots to
the moon.

20. A.I in daily life
Android : A Linux platform based
semi-automatic device. Which is being
considered as a part of modern AI
GPS: Inter-connected network live program
codes , which positions the bootleg location.
Brain chip: Technology used to conne
humans and device as per wish.

21. Will they replace us?
The day is not so far when you will
just sit back in your chair and
command your Robo -servent.
He will be a perfect companion for
you.
Drawbacks:
Unemployment will increase.
Can be reprogrammed and
misuseable against human being

22. BY,
Harikrishnan