A chatbot is a program that can have conversations with humans without human assistance. There are two types of chatbots: rule-based chatbots that are limited to their programming, and AI-based chatbots that can understand open-ended queries using machine learning. Chatbots work through question and answering systems, natural language processing to understand context, and by adopting classification methods like pattern matching, algorithms, and artificial neural networks.

1. How do
Chatbots
Work?
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WHAT IS A
CHATBOT?
A chatbot is a developed
program capable of having a
conversation with a human
without the assistance of a
human operator.
AI chatbot responds to
questions posed to it in
natural language as if it were
a real person.

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THERE ARE TWO
CATEGORIES OF
CHATBOTS:
RULE-BASED CHATBOT:
A rule-based bot can only comprehend
a limited range of choices that it has
been programmed with.
AI-BASED CHATBOT:
It is trained using machine-learning
algorithms & can understand
open-ended queries.
non-technical users.

4. KEY COMPONENTS
OF CHATBOT
ARCHITECTURE
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QUESTION & ANSWER SYSTEM
1
It consists of the following elements:
Manual Training: It entails the
domain specialist compiling FAQs &
mapping out the answers.
Automated Training: It entails the
chatbot training itself based on
historical data & new data being
fed into its knowledge base.

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ENVIRONMENT
2
It is responsible for contextualizing
users’ messages using NLP.
NLP Engine has two components:
Intent Classifier & Entity Extractor.
It can also be extended to include
feedback mechanism & policy
learning for better overall learning
of the NLP engine.

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FRONT-END SYSTEMS:
3
They are the ones where users
interact with the chatbot.
NODE SERVER / TRAFFIC SERVER:
4
It is the server that deals with user
traffic requests & routes them to the
proper components.
CUSTOM INTEGRATIONS
5

7. CHATBOTS WORK
BY ADOPTING 3
CLASSIFICATION
METHODS:
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PATTERN MATCHING:
1
Bots use pattern matching to
classify the text and produce a
suitable response for the
customers.
A standard structure of these
patterns is “Artificial Intelligence
Markup Language”.

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ALGORITHMS
2
Algorithms are used to reduce the
number of classifiers & create a
more manageable structure.
Multinational Naive Bayes is the
best example of the algorithm for
NLP & text classification.

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ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
3
Neural Networks are a way of
calculating the output from the
input using weighted connections.
They are computed from repeated
iterations while training the data.

10. AND THERE YOU
HAVE IT:
A GUIDE TO
CHATBOT
ARCHITECTURE
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