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EAP11_12_Unit 1_Lesson 1_Structure of Academic Texts (1).pptx
1. English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Senior High School Applied - Academic
Unit 1: The Nature of Academic Texts
Lesson 1
Structure of Academic Texts
3. Learning
Objectives
At the end of the
lesson, you should
be able to do the
following:
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT 3
● Identify the structures of
paragraphs, essays, and
research papers.
● Construct short paragraphs and
essays.
4. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Why should a reader know the
essential parts of an academic
text?
Essential
Question
4
5. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structures of Paragraphs
Paragraphs are a collection of sentences that
deal mostly with one topic or idea at a time.
5
6. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structures of Paragraphs
Parts of a paragraph:
● Topic sentence
● Supporting sentences
● Concluding and/or transitional sentences
6
7. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structures of Paragraphs
Topic sentence: presents the main point of
the paragraph
Supporting sentences: support the main idea
of the paragraph
7
8. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structures of Paragraphs
Transitional sentences pave the way to the
next idea in the next paragraph.
Concluding sentences close out the main idea
by summing up the main idea.
8
9. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structure of a Three-Part Essay
A three-part essay is composed of three basic
parts:
1. Introduction
2. Body
3. Conclusion
9
10. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Introduction
The introduction starts off the essay with ideas
that will be discussed in the body. The thesis
statement is usually found at the end of the
introduction, and it can act as a transitional
sentence for the body.
10
11. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Introduction
● Introduces the topic
● Places the topic into context
● Provides background information
● Points out the aim of the text
● Describes how the aim will be fulfilled
11
12. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Introduction
● Provides a thesis statement for the text
● Suggests what the findings are
● Explains why the topic could be considered
interesting
● Catches the readers’ interest
12
13. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Body
The body is the main and most substantial part
of the entire essay which:
● Presents evidence to support the thesis
statement
● Can be broken down into parts
13
14. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Body
The body should do the following:
● Present research and data
● Analyze data
● Discuss data thoroughly
14
15. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Conclusion
● Restates the thesis statement
● Wraps up the essay
● Gives opportunity to evaluate the topic
● Should not present new material
15
16. Remember
16
The conclusion should not have the
exact same thesis statement as the
one in the introduction. It is best to
reword it in the conclusion.
17. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD
● IMRaD stands for Introduction, Methods,
Results, and Discussion, with a Conclusion.
● IMRaD aims to discuss research topics,
explaining the topic and its intended
purpose.
17
18. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD: Introduction
● Contains the context of the study and
addresses what the study will entail
● Can include the background of the study
rather than an introduction
● Should include the aim(s) of the study
18
19. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD: Methods
The methods part includes the following:
● explanation of how aims and research
questions were fulfilled and answered
● methods used to collect data and ways to
analyze the said data
● the research design for the entire study
19
20. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD: Results
● Objectively presents results from the data
collected and analyzed
● Presents data using charts, figures, and/or
tables
20
21. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD: Discussion
● Reminds readers of the topic of the study
● Analyzes and discusses presented results
● Contains recommendations
21
22. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Compose a
paragraph
22
Compose a short paragraph
about one research topic you
might want to pursue this
academic year. In the paragraph,
rationalize the need to explore
the research area.
23. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Why is it recommended to use transitional
sentences in between paragraphs for the 3-part
essay?
Question
23
24. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Why should an introduction in IMRaD give a
background of the study?
Question
24
25. Wrap Up
Knowing the structure of an essay can
help a reader comprehend the text.
Paragraph development and the
three-part essay are broken into the
following parts: introduction, body, and
conclusion.
25
26. Wrap Up
The IMRaD structure is broken into the
following parts: Introduction, Methods,
Results, Discussion, and Conclusion.
26
28. Bibliography
28
“The IMRaD Format.” Search Write, December 19, 2017.
https://sokogskriv.no/en/writing/structure-and-argumentation/the-imrad-format/.
“The Structure of Academic Texts.” Lnu.se. Accessed February 25, 2020.
https://lnu.se/en/library/Writing-and-referencing/the-structure-of-academic-texts/.
“The Structure of Academic Texts .” Karolinska Institutet Universitetsbiblioteket. Accessed
February 25, 2020. https://kib.ki.se/en/write-cite/academic-writing/structure-academic-
texts.
“Traditional Academic Essays in Three Parts.” Penn State Abington. Accessed February 25,
2020. https://abington.psu.edu/traditional-academic-essays-three-parts.
“Writing a Scientific Research Report (IMRaD).” The Writing Center. Accessed February 25, 2020.
https://writingcenter.gmu.edu/guides/writing-an-imrad-report.
Notas do Editor
When you first open a box of building blocks, you can’t immediately see the result of what you’re supposed to build. There are only limited plastic building blocks, but each piece is vital to the entire figure. Each part will make up the whole. That same idea can be used in writing paragraphs, essays, and even research papers. These written outputs are composed of parts, and these parts are the structures essential to the text.
One of the essential features of academic writing is text structure. In academic writing, if you know how to identify the structure of the text, you can better understand and follow the flow of ideas. The first kind of structure used in academic texts is the paragraph.
The paragraph should begin with the topic sentence, whose function is to present the main idea of the paragraph's theme. On the other hand, the supporting sentences develop the main idea in the topic sentence.
The concluding sentence closes out the main idea by summing up the entire concept and ensuring that the paragraph ends with a complete idea. In some cases, a transitional sentence is used to close out the paragraph and pave the way for the introduction of the next concept in the succeeding paragraph.
Thesis Statement - is the sentence that states the main idea of a writing assignment and helps control the ideas within the paper. (It’s different from a topic)
The introduction usually contains the context of the study and addresses what the study will entail. It starts with a much more general topic than the indicated research questions. It is necessary to introduce the topic by connecting it to something relatable to the readers in a context that they understand, then gradually zoom into the topic backed up with research. You may opt to write a background of the study instead of an introduction. An introduction aims to raise readers’ interests on the topic and gives insight into the field of study, while a background provides more extensive knowledge about the topic.
The methods part of this particular structure describes how the research was conducted. In short, it explains how the aim and research questions were fulfilled and answered. In this part, focus on the significant parts and facts of the methods used to collect data and forgo the small details. Mention the study design used in the research and connect it to the way the data was collected. This is imperative for the readers to understand how the study progressed from idea to application.
The results section objectively presents the results and how they were collected in the methods part of the research. If multiple research questions were presented, their corresponding results should be reported in the same order. It is recommended to use graphs and charts to present data for a better understanding. The kind of data presented in figures should be significant to the study’s topic statement and show readers what needs to be observed. The data in the graphs or figures should not be repeated in the text. Captions are also essential in presenting figures because the readers may not read their entire commentary.
The discussion section is where the writer presents the analysis of the results. The writer
should
● remind readers of the aim of the study, and
● analyze and discuss the results, especially if they were significant in nature.
End the text with a conclusion, which fulfills the aim of the entire study. The conclusion helps connect all the sections of the research coherently and helps find its primary focus. Instead of reiterating the results, the conclusion can give implications for the study itself and future research.
In the IMRaD structure, be precise and concise with the words and language used to present information. Being straightforward is a characteristic of academic writing.
Answer:
Transitional sentences help introduce a new idea in the next paragraph.
Answer:
This allows readers to have more information about the topic and variables in the context of the study.
