For our Sociology class group report

2. a term sociologists use to refer to a
miscellaneous set of behaviors in
which large numbers of people
engage.

3. Collective behavior differs
from group behavior in three ways:
1. Collective behavior involves limited and
short-lived social interaction while groups
tend to remain together longer.
2. Collective behavior has no clear social
boundaries; anyone can be a member of the
collective while group membership is
usually more discriminating.
3. Collective behavior generates weak and
unconventional norms while groups tend to
have stronger and more conventional
norms.

4. Kinds of
Collective
Behavior

5. Fad
salso known as a craze, refers to a fashion that
becomes popular in a culture (or subcultures)
relatively quickly, remains popular, often for a
rather brief period, then loses popularity
dramatically.

6. Mass
Hysteriasare mass public near-panic reactions that can
also exhibit themselves in the sudden onset
of psychogenic illnesses, or illnesses that are
the result of psychology and not an external
source.

7. Riot
sare forms of civil disorder characterized by
disorganized groups lashing out in a sudden
and intense rash of violence, vandalism or
other crime that often occur in reaction to a
perceived grievance or out of dissent.

9. Contagion Theory
-originally proposed by Gustave LeBon (1896)
-proposes that crowds exert a hypnotic
influence on their members
-hypnotic influence, combined with the
anonymity of belonging to a large group of
people, results in irrational, emotionally
charged behavior
-that the behavior of a crowd is an emergent
property of the people coming together and not
a property of the people themselves

10. Convergence Theory
-argues that the behavior of a crowd is not an
emergent property of the crowd but is a result
of like-minded individuals coming together
-if a crowd becomes violent (a mob or riot), this
is not because the crowd encouraged violence
but rather because people who wanted to
become violent came together in the crowd

11. Emergent-Norm Theory
-combines Contagion and Convergence Theory,
arguing that it is a combination of like-minded
individuals, anonymity, and shared emotion
that leads to crowd behavior
-takes a symbolic interactionist approach to
understanding crowd behavior
-people come together with specific
expectations and norms, but in the
interactions that follow the development of the
crowd, new expectations and norms can
emerge, allowing for behavior that normally
would not take place

12. any broad social alliances of people
who are connected through their
shared interest in blocking or affecting
social change.

13. Types of Social
Movements

15. Alternative Social
Movements
are interested in changing one particular
behavior shared by individuals.
Ex.: alcoholics anonymous programs

16. Redemptive Social
Movements
are interested in altering the entire
lifestyle of an individual.
Ex.: trying to convert a person to
another religion

17. Reformative Social
Movements
seek to correct existing problems by
setting new goals.
Ex.: human rights group

18. Revolutionary Social
Movements
seeks to overthrow the established
authority.
Ex.: EDSA People Power Revolution

19. Stages of Social
Movements

22. Deprivation Theory
-argues that social movements have their
foundations among people who feel deprived
of some good(s) or resource(s)
-individuals who are lacking some good,
service, or comfort are more likely to organize
a social movement to improve (or defend)
their conditions

23. Mass-Society Theory
-argues that social movements are made up of
individuals in large societies who feel
insignificant or socially detached
-according to this theory, provide a sense of
empowerment and belonging that the
movement members would otherwise not have

24. Structural-Strain Theory
-proposes six factors that encourage social movement
development:
1. structural conduciveness - people come to believe their
society has problems
2. structural strain - people experience deprivation
3. growth and spread of a solution - a solution to the
problems people are experiencing is proposed and spreads
4. precipitating factors - discontent usually requires a catalyst
(often a specific event) to turn it into a social movement
5. lack of social control - the entity that is to be changed must
be at least somewhat open to the change; if the social
movement is quickly and powerfully repressed, it may
never materialize
6. mobilization - this is the actual organizing and active
component of the movement; people do what needs to be
done

25. Resource-Mobilization Theory
-emphasizes the importance of resources in
social movement development and success
-argues that social movements develop when
individuals with grievances are able to mobilize
sufficient resources to take action
-offers an explanation why some
discontented/deprived individuals are able to
organize while others are not

26. Political Process Theory
-similar to resource mobilization in many
regards, but tends to emphasize a different
component of social structure that is important
for social movement development: political
opportunities
-argues that there are three vital components
for movement formation: insurgent
consciousness, organizational strength, and
political opportunities

27. Culture Theory
-builds upon both the political process and
resource-mobilization theories but extends
them in two ways: first, it emphasizes the
importance of movement culture; second, it
attempts to address the free-rider problem
(those who benefit from resources, goods, or
services do not pay for them, which results in
an under-provision of those goods or
services)

28. is used to indicate the changes that
take place in human interactions and
interrelations

29. Thank You!