Presentation from Hannah Marczinkowski at the November meeting from the Orkney Renewable Energy Forum on District heating, AAU energy planning and energyPLAN research

1. Energy Planning in Denmark / for Islands
Intro to District Heating
& t he pot ent ial f or Orkney
H a n n a h M . M a r c z i n k o ws k i
P h D R e n e wa b l e E n e r g y f o r I s l a n d s

2. Danish DH History
1903: Denmark’s first district heating power plant; followed by National
development led by the local municipalities
2019: 65% coverage
• Combined Heat and Power (CHP) instead of only power production
• Waste heat from incineration plants & industry
• Additional heat-only boilers
• Increasing use of biomass and solar heat
• Low temperature DH (4th generation)
• Connection requirements
• “Normal” and simple heat in urban areas
Aalborg DH © H. Marczinkowski

3. Why Danish district heating?
 Danish Board of DH (DBDH):
https://dbdh.dk/news/

4. DH expansion Aalborg
Aalborg Forsyning, Varme QGIS Aalborg DH © H. Marczinkowski

5. DH in Europe (baseline & recommended)
2%

6. DH as part of the Smart Energy System
www.en.plan.aau.dk/research+groups/SEP

7. Example Samsø
”Denmark’s energy island”, 3700 inhabitants
Running on wind and biomass
4 district heating networks
• 120-400 houses
• 35% island coverage
• 99% sustainable (local farming (by-) products)
EVs, Hybrid ferry
Samsø Energy Academy
Part of SMILE project
https://arkiv.energiakademiet.dk

8. Example Samsø
”Denmark’s energy island”, 3700 inhabitants
Running on wind and biomass
4 district heating networks
• 120-400 houses
• 35% island coverage
• 99% sustainable (local farming (by)products)
EVs, Hybrid ferry
Samsø Energy Academy
SMILE project
https://arkiv.energiakademiet.dk

9. Samsø DH
Samsø today:
• Exporting 75% of local
wind production
• Relying 95% on oil for
transport
• 2nd generation: power to
heat?

10. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Samsø 2015 Samsø 2030 Orkney 2014
GWh/year
Coal Oil DH Oil Gas Biomass DH biomass Solar DH solar HP Electric DH HP None
Heat Supply on Samsø & Orkney

11. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Samsø 2015 Samsø 2030 Orkney 2014
GWh/year
Coal Oil DH Oil Gas Biomass DH biomass Solar DH solar HP Electric DH HP None
Heat Supply on Samsø & Orkney

12. Orkney
www.heatmap.scotland.gov.uk https://heatroadmap.eu/peta4/

13. Orkney research done
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.03.103

14. Research example
& results
20% DH share in Orkney (part of SMILE study):
• From various, old, individual technologies to
one common solution
• Using heat pump & boiler (weather dependent)
• Results:
• +2%p RES
• -7.7 kt (4%) CO2
• -9% export/curtailment
• -2% annual system (socio-economic) costs
• -12 GWh fuel consumption
https://heatroadmap.eu/peta4/

15. Example Föhr
Installs 2017-2019
Natural Gas combined heat and power units
Natural Gas peak boilers (tourism)
155 connections
11 km metal pipes
40 m3 thermal storage
Power2heat
Solar thermal reducing 85% of Nat. Gas
Straw boiler
”The problem is the consumer’s freedom to
choose a provider”
http://energiegenossenschaft-foehr.de/

16. What can we learn?
• DH is simple for the consumer and often cheaper once installed
• Thermal energy storage better than electricity storage
• Can be locally owned
• Can integrate local biomass or waste heat (& solar for summer demands)
• Can be combined with excess electricity (& CHP for more flexibility)
• You need transmission + distribution network, heat exchanger, pumps
• Pipes can be laid like new water pipes, glass fibre or other cables
• Has to be coordinated with housing insulation
• Requires heat density & connections
https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/

17. Energy Planning for Islands
Thank you for your attention!
H a n n a h M . M a r c z i n k o ws k i
P h D R e n e w a b l e E n e r g y f o r I s l a n d s ( l i n k )
S E P A a l b o r g U n i v e r s i t y ( l i n k )
h m m @ p l a n . a a u . d k