The ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme 2016 highlighted local sustainable challenges and solutions in Malaysia.

1. Project 5: The role of local leaders in reducing
vulnerability and increasing adaptation: case study
of flood disaster management in Bangkalalak,
Beaufort, Sabah, Malaysia
Group member: Nor Aishah Hamzah (University of Malaya, Malaysia)
Mohd Hairy Ibrahim (Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia)
Syamsul Herman Mohammad Afandi (Universiti Putra Malaysia)
Riduan Yunus (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia)
Wildan Fajar Bachtiar (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Yi Dou (National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan)
Xu Tian (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China)
Azaze @ Azizi Abdul Adis (Universiti Malaysia Sabah)
2016. 8.13

2. Contents
1 Background
2 Flooding situation
3 Policy implication
4

3. 1. Kangsa
2. Jabang
3. Bangkalalak
4. Mentulud
5. Berumbai
Bangkalalak, Lumadan, Beaufort

4. Social;
Resource
; Village
Map

5. Berumbai Bangkalalak Kangsa Jabang Mentulud
Geography
(Unit: m)
Distance from
river
300 300 300 1000 1000
Between house 200 150 50 100 50
Boats
43 20 70 23 5
Insurance
Life X X X X X
Property X X X X X
Perception of
risk
Very dangerous
Dangerous X X X
Moderate X X
Not risky
Table 1 Related Information of case study
Background 1

6. 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
House People Adults Children Elderly Disable Pregnant
Numbers
Mentulud
Jabang
Kangsa
Bangkalalak
Berumbai
Figure 1 The Demography of case study
20 20
10 10
20
10 10
10 10
15
40 40
50 50
30
20 20 20 20
20
10 10 10 10
15
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Berumbai Bangkalalak Kangsa Jabang Mentulud
Percentage
Education Pesticides Food Electricity Clothes and Transportation
Figure 2 The Expenditure of case study
Background 2

7. 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Berumbai Bangkalalak Kangsa Jabang Mentulud
Incomeproportion
Low <600 RM
Medum 600-1000 RM
High >1000 RM
Figure 2 The Income proportion of case study
Agriculture Small Business Fishing
Government sectors Tourism
Berumbai Bangkalalak Kangsa Jabang Mentulud
Figure 3 The Source of Income
Background 3

8. 4
3
1
• Children and pregnant mother
What is the main cause of severe flooding?
2
Why the place is
vulnerable?
• Rain water
• Irrigation and drainage
• Water from Tenom (up lands) to Padas River
• High tide and high volume inland water
Areas most affected
• Jabang, Kangsa, Berumbai
• Flood season is November to
January
People affected
• Nearness to river and rise in
water level
Poultry/plants affected
Flooding situation 4

9. Flooding situation
Rainfall and discharge gages of Sungai
Padas
Ref: Deforestation effect to the runoff
hydrograph at Sungai Padas catchment
(Dinor, et al., 2007)
Flood in Beaufort in 2014.
http://www.therocket.com.my/en/solving-sabahs-flood-
issues/
Kampung
Bangkalalak
River Bank
Hotel
Mechanism of flood caused by heavy rainfall in river upstream.
5

10.  Boat
 Land transportations: cars,
vans, motorcycles
 Accessibility: only by road or
helicopterLogistic
Evacuation
facilities
6
 Temporary shelters: Public
Hall / Gazetted Evacuation
Centre
 Distance: 1-3 km
Logistics Before Flood

11. Logistic
 Boat: yes
 Land transportations: cars, vans,
motorcycles
 Accessibility: only by road or helicopter
 Sewerage: not functioning for 2-3 weeks
 Clean water supply: rain water
 Temporary shelters: Hall - 2 but only 1
used
 Distance: 1-3 km
7
Evacuation facilities
Hygiene
Electricity  in order
Safety
 Biological: Crocodiles and snakes
 Physical threat: fast water flow/
debris
Medical  Diseases: no outbreak
Food supplies NGO and self support
Communication  Only mobile phones / no landlines
During Flood

12. Logistic
Water transportation: Boat
1
Accessibility: only by road
or helicopter
Land transportations: cars,
vans, motorcycles
Evacuation facilities
Temporary shelters: Public
Halls
Distance: 1-3 km2
8After Flood

13. 9
Information
• Ketua Kampong
• JKK
• Mass Media (TV)
Action Plan
• Warning system near Masjid
Financial assistance
• House: self repairs / rebuilt
• Sufficient food and medical assistance
• Help (basic needs) on time: after 3-4 days
• 10% of household on Flood Financial Assistance
of RM500
• Coping with after effect: NGOs – school & food
• Getting back to norm
- self recover
- approx 2-3 weeks
Information and Action Plan

14. Major flood history
Timeline history
History 10

15. Survey of case study
Recovered woods are used for reconstructing houses. (Place: Kampung Berumbai)
11

16. Survey of case study
During the flood period, villagers choose to stay in house, even though the ground floor is
covered by flood (1.0~1.5m depth of flood water).
12

17. Survey of case study
Fishing is the main source of income in Kampung Berumbai.
13

18. 14
1
House adaptation: raised up the
level of the houses
2Prepare boats for most of the houses
3
Identify the nearest relief center
and access to evacuation
4Monitoring and early warning system
5
Sufficient storage of food, water,
and medical supply near house
6
Construct barriers (e.g. plant trees) surrounding
houses to protect from flood debris
Identifying adaptation flood strategies

19. Survey of case study
Food and living material is stored in a specific house higher than the depth of flood water
(1.0~1.5m).
15

20. Strategy: Flood mitigation
Raise the road level-National Road is built higher than ground that will keep available in
flood.
16

21. 1
3
4
5
2
Temporary shelters and relief
center supporting basic living
conditions
Food, clean water and medical
supply
Self-study during flood for
students
Volunteer system to help elders,
and the disables
Promote disaster insurance service
for life, health, and property
17Identifying coping strategies for floods

22. Regular survey on geographic
features and social needs
(database)
18Identifying local leadership in flood disaster management
Before flood: promote disaster
awareness and education, e.g.
regular practice for flood
disaster
During flood: keep in touch with villagers
on living situation and needs, report to
federal government, and cooperate with
NGOs and volunteers
After flood: fair distribution
on compensation materials
and subsidies

23. Flooding situation
Conflict Tree
FLOODS
EFFECTS
• Reduce the lifetime of
building
• Economic losses
• Destruction of infrastructures
• Loss of time
• Disease
• Deforestation
CAUSES
• Raise of Sea Level
• Location (downstream
of Sungai Padas)
• Amount of rainfall
19

24. 20Action Projects
• Relief Centre
• Roads and
Infrastructures
• Awareness
• Allocation of
emergency
logistics
• Cooperation
for Early
Warning
Systems
• Maintenance
of river and
drainage
system
Local
Government
Local
Community
Federal
Government
NGOs
• The location of
relief center is not
appropriate: land
issue
• Late response by
local government
• Early warning
system is not
integrated
• Dire need of
drinking water
Why?

25. Survey of case study 21

26. Survey of case study 22

27. Survey of case study 23

28. Survey of case study 24

29. AzazeAishah
Hairy
Syamsul Riduan Wildan
Dou
Tian
Thank you