6. 3-Environment Stress
• Weaning, transport,, dehorning.
• Dampness & overcrowding.
• Fatigue due transportation.
• Depletion due nutritional def.
7. Protection of calf for
one day
Give you Protection for
one month
Protection of calf for
one month
Protection of calf
for one Year
Give you
Important Notes
10. I-Infectious diarrhea Calf Ages
A-Bacterial Causes:
E. coli <5 da
C. perfringens B, C 5-30 da
Salmonella >15 da
1-Infectious calf diarrhea
المعدى االسهال
14. A-Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidium parvum, commonly referred
to as Crypto, is a protozoan (a one-celled
organism) that causes diarrhea in calves (as
well as other mammals).
This extracytoplasmic organism invades
enterocytes (cells that line the intestines) in the
distal small intestine and large intestine;
16. CAUSES
Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most
common causes of calf scour .
Four cryptosporidium species are
capable of infecting cattle, but the
main disease-causing species is
C.parvum.
18. Where do calves get
cryptosporidium from?
Large numbers of eggs are shed in the
faeces of infected calves and cows, which
contaminate the environment.
Ingesting food contaminated with eggs or
water infects calves.
19. Time of infestation in calves & Lambs
Calves usually become infected shortly after
birth and develop scour at around 5–7 days
old.
20. Concurrent infections
المصاحبة العدوى
With other enteric pathogens, especially :
rotavirus .
coronavirus.
Epidemiologic studies suggest that diarrhea is more
severe in mixed infections.
21. Case fatality rates in
cryptosporidiosis
النفوق حاالت زيادة أسباب
Are generally low unless the condition is complicated by
other factors:
Concurrent infections المصاحبة العدوى
Energy deficits from inadequate intake of colostrum and
milk. المناعة ضعف الى يؤدوى الطاقة نقص
Chilling from adverse weather conditions). الشديد البرد
25. Life cycle
Eggs can be found in bedding, soil and water
and on pasture.
Infected calves shed up to 1 million eggs per
gram of feces and it takes only a small
fraction of this number to cause disease.
بيضة مليون على يحتوى الروث من جرام كل
26. Cryptosporidium life cycle
Once ingested, the parasite attaches to the gut wall
and multiplies.
This causes damage that reduces the calf’s ability
to digest food, resulting in watery scour.
While attached to the gut wall, the parasite
produces eggs.
These are infectious and can either reinfect the calf
or be shed into the environment via the infected
calf’s scour.
32. االسهال توابع
The persistent diarrhea may result in marked weight loss
and emaciation.
In most cases, the diarrhea is self-limiting after several
days.
Varying degrees of apathy, anorexia, and dehydration
are present.
تعتمد
االعراض
على
حسب
درجة
المناعة
عن
المولود
36. 2-Bovine Enterichek:
The test strips allow the detection of certain
microorganisms in bovine feces present in the
environment.
Microorganisms detected are:
rotavirus
coronavirus
E. coli K99 (F5)
cryptosporidium.
39. The kit is designed to detect
Rotavirus,
Coronavirus,
''E. coli'' F5 (K99),
''Cryptosporidium parvum‘’
in calf stool.
40. Method:
The sample is diluted in the sample tube
and homogenized.
The sample tube is then inserted in the
larger tube.
All you need is 10 minutes before reading
the results.
47. Main Line of Treatment
للعالج العامة الخطوط
There is no affective or approved treatment for
Cryptosporidiosis.بالكريبتوسبوريديا لالصابة حاسم عالج اليوجد
Supportive treatment:
Fluid therapy
Antidiarrheal drugs
Nutritional support(to give them energy ).
Antiprotozoal drug
Strict hygiene to preventing infections.
51. 4-Antiprotozoal drug
1-R/Halocur:(Halofuginone Base- 0.5g/L).
controls crypto by breaking the life cycle and
substantially reducing the number of oocysts
produced.
oral product (given at two cc per 10 kg daily).
المعدى الطور عدد ويقلل الحياة دورة يقطع الدواء
الجرعة
:
2
لكل مل
10
الفم طريق عن يعطى الحيوان وزن من كيلو
.
53. unlike decoquinate, halofuginone significantly reduced the excretion of
oocysts on day 7.
ملحوظة
:
decoquinate: (brand name: Deccox®) :
is an antiparasitic medication used to prevent coccidia infections
60. 1-Environmental control
بالحيوانات المحيط الوسط فى التحكم
Cleaning and disinfection are crucial to controlling
the spread of cryptosporidiosis.
Use disinfectant at the entrance to the calf shed
المحافظة
على
نظافة
وتطهير
المكان
باستمرار
استخدام
مطهرات
فى
مدخل
المزرعة
والعجول
الرضيعة
61. Ammonia and formalin
مطهرات
R/ Ammonium hydroxide. االمونيوم هيدروكسيد
Or R/ hydrogen peroxide
Or /chlorine dioxide
Or R/10% formol saline فورمالين
10
%
Or/ R/5% ammonia أمونيا
5
%
Are effective in destroying oocyst infectivity.
Infectivity in calf feces is reduced after 1–4 days of drying.
62. الحى الجير
Use lime to help keep bedding dry
Rodent and fly control should be in place, with all
feed and grain stored in covered areas, away from
rodents and pets.
الجين اسنتخدام يمكنن الشتاء فصل فى خاصة جافة أرضية على للمحافظة
الحني ر
للفرشة
الغذاء مستودع فى خاصة بالمزرعة والقوارض الحشرات على القضاء
63. 2-Animal control
للحيوان بالنسبة
Vaccinate pregnant dams against rotavirus, coronavirus and E.
coli, thereby reducing scours caused by these pathogens
Do not mix older calves with young calves because older calves
may still shed eggs
Keep all calves warm and hydrated, particularly if they are
scouring.
تحصين
االمهات
بلقاح
الروتا
والكورونا
واألي
كوالى
يقلل
من
االصابة
(
سكور
جارد
-
روتافيك
)
عدم
خلط
االعمار
المختلفة
(
الكبيرة
مع
الصغيرة
)
.
المحافظة
على
العجول
نظيفة
وتوفير
المياة
64. السرسوب
Hyperimmune bovine colostrum can reduce the
severity of diarrhea and the period of oocyst
excretion in experimentally infected calves.
يمكن
أن
يقلل
اللبأ
البقري
المفرط
المناعة
من
شدة
اإلسهال
وفترة
إفراز
البويضة
في
العجول
المصابة
تجريبيا
.
65. تابع
Isolate scouring calves from healthy calves.
Do not mix scouring calves with healthy calves for
at least one week after scouring has stopped.
Feed and deal with healthy calves before sick ones
Make sure you follow the 3 Qs of colostrum feeding
عزل
الحيوانات
المريضة
عن
الحيوانات
السليمة
البدء
بارضاع
الحيوانات
السليمة
اوال
ثم
الحيوانات
المريضة
التأكد
من
رضاعة
السرسوب
66.
67. Key points
المحاضرة فى ذكرت التى النقاط الهم ملخص
Cryptosporidiosis is a gastrointestinal parasitic
disease of vertebrate animals and people.
The disease is noteworthy in young ruminants, in
which it causes mild to severe diarrhea and
retarded growth.
Cryptosporidium oocysts can be detected in Ziehl-
Neelsen–stained fecal smears of infected animals.
68. Key points
No fully-effective therapeutic drugs exist, but fluid
and electrolyte replacement, as well as nutritional
support, are indicated.
Control involves strict hygiene to eliminate or
reduce contamination of the environment by
Cryptosporidium oocysts.