Revision tool for "the effects of exercise". This is for Year 11 PE GCSE Edexcel students. Good luck!!

1. Year 11 GCSE PE Edexcel- Presentation
By Haleema.B– Heartlands Academy

2. i) Immediate effects
 More muscle contractions,
Increased blood flow to the muscles,
 Rise in muscle/body temperature,

3. Long-term effects
 Muscular endurance improves,
 Muscles get bigger (hypertrophies),
 ... Tendons and ligaments get bigger,
 Increase in bone density and width,
Joints are more stable with increased
flexibility.

4. ii) Immediate effects
 Blood temperature rises,
 Blood vessels near the skin open to allow heat
to be lost (vasodilation),
 Blood shunting occurs (diverted from digestive
systems to the muscles),
 Increase in heart rate and increase in stroke
volume. Therefore, increase in cardiac output.

5. Long term effects
 Increased volume of blood (red blood cells),
 Increased number of capillaries in muscles,
 Heart gets bigger and stronger (hypertrophies),
 Maximum cardiac output increases,
 Quicker recovery rate,
 Lower resting heart rate,
 Reduced risk of heart disease,

6. iii) Immediate effects
 Increase in breathing rate,
 Increase in tidal volume,
 Contraction and relaxation of the
diaphragm, intercostal muscles, and ribs
(chest) expand+ relaxing,

7. Long-term effects
 More efficient gaseous exchange,
 Increase in vital capacity,
 Increased number of alveoli,
 Strength of diaphragm increases,
 Strength of intercostal muscles
increase.

8. Inhaling and exhaling

9.  Air goes into the lungs,
 Lungs then expand (pressure is lowered),
 Intercostal muscles contract,
 Ribs then expand,
 Diaphragm goes downwards and contracts
(to increase volume of the chest),

10.  Air is pushed out of the lungs,
 Lungs then inflate (pressure increases),
 Intercostal muscles relax,
 Ribs then go back down (relax),
 Diaphragm goes upwards and relaxes
(decreasing the volume in the chest),

11.  Air is warmed, moistened and filtered as it
travels through the oral or nasal cavity,
 It then passes through the trachea,
 Into the right and left bronchus,
 Into the right and left lung,
 Passing through many of the bronchioles,
 To the millions o tiny air sacs called “alveoli”,
 Where gaseous exchange takes place...
 Here, oxygen passes out of the air and into the
blood  carbon dioxide passes out of the blood
and into the air.

12. Tidal volume- the amount of air breathed in or out in one breath,
Inspiratory capacity- the most you can breathe in after breathing out normally,
Expiratory capacity- the most you can force out after breathing out normally,
Residual volume- the amount of air left inside the lungs after breathing out as much as
possible,
Vital capacity- the most air you can breathe in or out in one breath.
Hypertrophy- get bigger and stronger,
Atrophy- get smaller and weaker.
SMOKING LEADS TO....
 Systems..
 Lung cancer,
 Trachea cancer,
 Nose cancer,
Kidney cancer,
 Mouth cancer,
 Stomach cancer,
 Throat cancer,
 Heart disease,
 Oesophagus cancer.

13. Year 11 GCSE PE Edexcel
Revision Help
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