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THE
  AGE OF
RENAISSANCE
AWKUM   BS.1st
Revival Of Learning
  This transition period is one of decline from the Age of Chaucer,
   and then of intellectual preparation for the Age of Elizabeth. For
   a centuary and a half after Chaucer not a single great english
   work appeared, and the general standard of literature was very
   low.
 There are three cheif causes to account for this:

1. The long war with france and the civil wars of the Roses
   distracted attention from books and poetry, and destroyed of
   ruined many noble English families who had been friends of
   literature.
2. The reformatiom in the latter part of the period filled man’s
   minds with religious questions.
3. The Revival of Learning set scholars and literary men to an eager
   study of the classics, rather than to the creation of native
   literature.
............
   Historically the age is noticeable
    for its intellectual progress, for the
    introduction of printing,for the
    discovery of America,for the
    begining of the reformation, and
    for the growth of political power
    among the common people.
POLITICAL
 CHANGES
Reformation
>In the reign of Henry VIII the
 changes are less violent, but have
 more purpose and significance. His
 age is marked by a steady increase in
 the national power, by the entrance of
 the reformation and by the final
 separation of England from all
 ecclesiastical bondage in parliament’s
 famous Act of Supremacy.
Marriage to Catherine of Aragon
   In 1509, Henry VIII had
    married Catherine. By 1527,
    the union had produced no
    male heir to the throne and
    only one surviving child, a
    daughter, Mary. Henry was
    justifiably concerned about
    the political consequences of
    leaving only a female heir. In
    this period, people believed it
    unnatural for women to rule
    over men. At best a woman
    ruler meant a contested
    (dispute) reign, at worst
    turmoil and revolution.
The King’s Affair
   By 1527, Henry was
    thoroughly enamored of
    Anne Bolyn. He
    determined to put
    Catherine aside and take
    Anne as his wife. This he
    could not do in Catholic
    England, however,
    without papal annulment
    of the marriage to
    Catherine.
The Reformation Parliament
   When the king’s
    advisors could not
    obtain a papal
    annulment, they
    conceived of a plan to
    declare the king
    supreme in English
    spiritual affairs as he
    was in English
    temporal affairs.
Head of the Church of England
                 In January
                  1531, the
                  Convocation
                  publicly
                  recognized
                  Henry as Head
                  of the Church
                  in England.
Marriage to Anne Boleyn
   In January
    1533, Henry
    wed the Anne
    Boleyn, with
    Thomas
    Cranmer
    officiating.
King the Highest Court of Appeal
   In February 1533.
    Parliament made
    the King the
    Highest Court of
    Appeal for all
    English subjects.
Invalidation of First Marriage
   In March 1533.
    Cranmer became
    archbishop of
    Canterbury and led
    the Convocation in
    invalidating the
    King’s marriage to
    Catherine (First
    Marriage).
The Six Wives of Henry VIII
   To satisfy his desires and to secure
    a male heir, Henry married six
    times:
      First he married CATHERINE
       OF ARAGON . She was mother
       of king’s first daughter mary.
      In 1536, he married ANNE
       BOLEYN who give birth to
       Elizabeth I.
      JANE SEYMOUR died in 1537
       shortly after giving birth to the
       future Edward VI.
      Henry wed ANNE OF CLEVES
       on the advice of Cromwell.
      CATHERINE HOWARD was
       his fifth wife.
      Henry’s last wife was
       CATHERINE PARR.
Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
   It was not until the reign of
    Anne Boleyn’s daughter,
    Elizabeth I, that a lasting
    religious settlement was
    worked out in England.
    Elizabeth face many
    problems as at that time
    when she came to crown she
    found the whole kingdom
    divided against itself; the
    North was largely Catholic,
    while the southern countries
    were as strongly Protestant.
Characteritics Of the Elizabethan Age
         Religious Toleration
>The most characteritic feature of the age was
 the comparative religious tolerance, which was
 due largely to the queen’s influence.Upon her
 accession Elizabeth found the whole kingdom
 divided against itself, the north was largely
 Catholic , while the southern countries were as
 strongly Protestant Scotland had followed the
 Reformation in its own intense way, while
 Ireland remained true to its old religious
 tradition , and both countries were openly
 rebellious.
Social Contentment
> Increasing trade brought enormous wealth to
 England, and this wealth was shared to this
 extent, at least, that for the first time some
 systematic care for the needy was attempted.
 Parishes were made responsible for their own
 poor, and the wealthy were taxed to support
 them or give them employment. The increase of
 wealth, the improvement in living, the
 opportunities for labor, the new social content—
 these also are factors which help to account for
 the new literary activity.
Enthusiasm
>It is an age of dreams, of adventure, of
 unbounded enthusiasm.
>A score of explorers reveal a new earth to
 men’s eyes, and instantly literature creates
 a new heaven to match it. So the dream
 and deed increase side by side, and the
 dream is ever greater than the deed. That
 is the meaning of literature.
The Drama
>The Age of Elizabeth was a time of intellectual liberty,
  of growing intelligence and comfort among all classes,
  of unbounded patriotism. When Corneille, Racine,
  and Moliere brought the drama in France to the point
  where Marlowe, Shakespeare, and Jonson had left it in
  England half a century earlier. Such an age of great
  thought and great action, appealing to the eyes as well
  as to the imagination and intellect, neither poetry nor
  the story can express the whole man, his thought,
  feeling, action, and the resulting character; hence in
  the Age of Elizabeth literature turned intinctively to
  the drama and brought it rapidly to the highest stage
  of its development.
THE END

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THE AGE OF RENAISSANCE

  • 1. THE AGE OF RENAISSANCE AWKUM BS.1st
  • 2. Revival Of Learning  This transition period is one of decline from the Age of Chaucer, and then of intellectual preparation for the Age of Elizabeth. For a centuary and a half after Chaucer not a single great english work appeared, and the general standard of literature was very low.  There are three cheif causes to account for this: 1. The long war with france and the civil wars of the Roses distracted attention from books and poetry, and destroyed of ruined many noble English families who had been friends of literature. 2. The reformatiom in the latter part of the period filled man’s minds with religious questions. 3. The Revival of Learning set scholars and literary men to an eager study of the classics, rather than to the creation of native literature.
  • 3. ............  Historically the age is noticeable for its intellectual progress, for the introduction of printing,for the discovery of America,for the begining of the reformation, and for the growth of political power among the common people.
  • 5. Reformation >In the reign of Henry VIII the changes are less violent, but have more purpose and significance. His age is marked by a steady increase in the national power, by the entrance of the reformation and by the final separation of England from all ecclesiastical bondage in parliament’s famous Act of Supremacy.
  • 6. Marriage to Catherine of Aragon  In 1509, Henry VIII had married Catherine. By 1527, the union had produced no male heir to the throne and only one surviving child, a daughter, Mary. Henry was justifiably concerned about the political consequences of leaving only a female heir. In this period, people believed it unnatural for women to rule over men. At best a woman ruler meant a contested (dispute) reign, at worst turmoil and revolution.
  • 7. The King’s Affair  By 1527, Henry was thoroughly enamored of Anne Bolyn. He determined to put Catherine aside and take Anne as his wife. This he could not do in Catholic England, however, without papal annulment of the marriage to Catherine.
  • 8. The Reformation Parliament  When the king’s advisors could not obtain a papal annulment, they conceived of a plan to declare the king supreme in English spiritual affairs as he was in English temporal affairs.
  • 9. Head of the Church of England  In January 1531, the Convocation publicly recognized Henry as Head of the Church in England.
  • 10. Marriage to Anne Boleyn  In January 1533, Henry wed the Anne Boleyn, with Thomas Cranmer officiating.
  • 11. King the Highest Court of Appeal  In February 1533. Parliament made the King the Highest Court of Appeal for all English subjects.
  • 12. Invalidation of First Marriage  In March 1533. Cranmer became archbishop of Canterbury and led the Convocation in invalidating the King’s marriage to Catherine (First Marriage).
  • 13. The Six Wives of Henry VIII  To satisfy his desires and to secure a male heir, Henry married six times:  First he married CATHERINE OF ARAGON . She was mother of king’s first daughter mary.  In 1536, he married ANNE BOLEYN who give birth to Elizabeth I.  JANE SEYMOUR died in 1537 shortly after giving birth to the future Edward VI.  Henry wed ANNE OF CLEVES on the advice of Cromwell.  CATHERINE HOWARD was his fifth wife.  Henry’s last wife was CATHERINE PARR.
  • 14. Elizabeth I (1558-1603)  It was not until the reign of Anne Boleyn’s daughter, Elizabeth I, that a lasting religious settlement was worked out in England. Elizabeth face many problems as at that time when she came to crown she found the whole kingdom divided against itself; the North was largely Catholic, while the southern countries were as strongly Protestant.
  • 15. Characteritics Of the Elizabethan Age Religious Toleration >The most characteritic feature of the age was the comparative religious tolerance, which was due largely to the queen’s influence.Upon her accession Elizabeth found the whole kingdom divided against itself, the north was largely Catholic , while the southern countries were as strongly Protestant Scotland had followed the Reformation in its own intense way, while Ireland remained true to its old religious tradition , and both countries were openly rebellious.
  • 16. Social Contentment > Increasing trade brought enormous wealth to England, and this wealth was shared to this extent, at least, that for the first time some systematic care for the needy was attempted. Parishes were made responsible for their own poor, and the wealthy were taxed to support them or give them employment. The increase of wealth, the improvement in living, the opportunities for labor, the new social content— these also are factors which help to account for the new literary activity.
  • 17. Enthusiasm >It is an age of dreams, of adventure, of unbounded enthusiasm. >A score of explorers reveal a new earth to men’s eyes, and instantly literature creates a new heaven to match it. So the dream and deed increase side by side, and the dream is ever greater than the deed. That is the meaning of literature.
  • 18. The Drama >The Age of Elizabeth was a time of intellectual liberty, of growing intelligence and comfort among all classes, of unbounded patriotism. When Corneille, Racine, and Moliere brought the drama in France to the point where Marlowe, Shakespeare, and Jonson had left it in England half a century earlier. Such an age of great thought and great action, appealing to the eyes as well as to the imagination and intellect, neither poetry nor the story can express the whole man, his thought, feeling, action, and the resulting character; hence in the Age of Elizabeth literature turned intinctively to the drama and brought it rapidly to the highest stage of its development.