This document provides an overview of nanotechnology. It defines nanotechnology as engineering at the nanoscale level, or the ability to manipulate individual atoms and molecules. The document outlines two main approaches to nanotechnology - top-down, which builds down from larger to smaller structures, and bottom-up, which builds up from individual atoms. It also discusses some potential applications of nanotechnology such as strong fibers, atomic plants to handle radioactive materials, electronics like transistors and diodes, and space applications using small, lightweight machines. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to nanotechnology, its approaches, potential applications, and ability to manipulate matter at the atomic scale.
2. CONTENTS
Introduction
What is nanotechnology?
Approaches
Steps to produce nanomaterials
Applications
Advantages
Conclusion
3. Introduction
It’s the development and practical
applications on a nanometric scale
Engineering of tiny machines
Greek prefix “Nano” means a billionth
100 nanometers is the limit to
observe new
properties of matter
4. What Is Nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is the engineering of tiny
machines—the projected ability to make things from
the bottom up, using techniques and tools being
developed today to place every atom and molecule
in a desired place. Shortly after this envisioned
molecular machinery is created, it will result in a
manufacturing revolution, probably causing severe
disruption. It also has serious economic, social,
environmental, and military implications.
5. The principles of physics do not limit
our ability to manipulate things atom
by atom. It is not an attempt to
violate any laws; it is something, in
principle, that can be done; but in
practice, it has not been done
because we are too big.
--Richard
Feynman
6. Approaches
In building any nanomaterials; the
available approaches i.e. methods are
Top-down:-
The structure varies gradually from large
(top) to small(small)
By Feynman in 1959
The problem: repairs which arise in
miniature structures at bottom can’t be
repaired by large ones at top
7. Bottom-up
Structure varies gradually from bottom
(small) to top(large)
Considered the one and only “true”
nanotechnology
Limits of miniaturization are resolved
Highly useful in electronics
8. Steps to produce
NANOMATERIALS:
Three primary steps to produce
nanomaterials
Ability to manipulate individual
atoms
Development of nanoscopic
machines(assemblers)
Replicators are to be programmed
9.
10. APPLICATIONS:
Strong fibers:
Basic item to produce is strong fibre
Later on replications can be made of diamonds, water
and even food
Famines can be then successfully eradicated
Atomic plants:
Hands” for handling radioactive substances
Various functions inside the inner parts of
reactors
16. Space working
Machines with very low mass, volume and
power consumption
Reconfigurable, autonomous and
“thinking” spacecrafts
Ultra new and ultra small constructions
and probes