“What would it take to build a truly resilient local food system?"
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A presentation by Guy Dauncey to FarmFolk CityFolk, Vancouver, June 2020
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“What would it take to build a truly resilient local food system?"
- 1. What Would it Take to Build a Truly Resilient Local Food System? Guy Dauncey June 23rd 2020
- 2. June 3rd, 2020 Humanity will be “finished” if we fail to drastically change our food systems in response to the coronavirus pandemic and the climate crisis.
- 3. Global Context The 2020s is the most crucial decade in the history of our civilization
- 6. Regenerative organic farming Doubling BC food production
- 7. Farm villages Regenerative organic farming Doubling BC food production
- 8. Farm villages Regional Growers’ Cooperatives Regenerative organic farming Doubling BC food production
- 9. Farm villages Regional Growers’ Cooperatives Limiting the control of retail supermarkets Regenerative organic farming Doubling BC food production
- 10. Farm villages Regional Growers’ Cooperatives Limiting the control of retail supermarkets Community Food Hubs Regenerative organic farming Doubling BC food production
- 11. Farm villages Regional Growers’ Cooperatives Limiting the control of retail supermarkets 5,000 Farm Rangers for Covid-19 recovery Community Food Hubs Regenerative organic farming Doubling BC food production
- 12. Farm villages Regional Growers’ Cooperatives Limiting the control of retail supermarkets 5,000 Farm Rangers for Covid-19 recovery Community Food Hubs Regenerative organic farming Doubling BC food production Climate recovery
- 13. Farm villages Regional Growers’ Cooperatives Limiting the control of retail supermarkets 5,000 Farm Rangers for Covid-19 recovery Community Food Hubs Regenerative organic farming Soil restoration Doubling BC food production Climate recovery
- 14. Farm villages Regional Growers’ Cooperatives Limiting the control of retail supermarkets 5,000 Farm Rangers for Covid-19 recovery Community Food Hubs Regenerative organic farming Soil restoration Doubling BC food production Biodiversity recovery Climate recovery
- 15. Farm villages Regional Growers’ Cooperatives Limiting the control of retail supermarkets 5,000 Farm Rangers for Covid-19 recovery Community Food Hubs Regenerative organic farming Soil restoration Doubling BC food production Biodiversity recovery Strong farm incomes Climate recovery
- 16. La Ferme des Quatre Temps, Quebec
- 18. • 8-acre bio-intensive organic vegetable market garden • Generous capital investment from a Quebec billionaire • $100,000 crop value per acre per year • Profit margin 40% after costs = $40,000 per acre
- 19. Jean-Martin Fortier with his 12 workers at La Ferme 1.5 workers per acre Land + capital + organic farming skill + business skill
- 20. A profitable organic farming business model exists. We need to ramp it up ten-fold.
- 21. La Ferme du Bec Hellouin, Normandy, France
- 23. • 1,000 square meters (1/4 acre) • Organic, bio-intensive, permaculture, regenerative • No machinery except hand tools • $84,000 dollars gross sales per year (CAN) • Take-home profit after expenses $29,000/year • 43 hours of work per week • 4 weeks of vacation per year • Carbon sequestration 6 x greater than a forest
- 25. Permaculture, bio-intensive, organic methods. Inspired by Eliot Coleman, and by the 19th century maraîchère Parisienne, when Paris was self- sufficient in food.
- 26. Average French farm: 120 hectares, 1 job La Ferme du Bec Hellouin: 3 jobs per hectare 360 x more jobs per hectare Far more food
- 33. “You won’t get rich in money. But you’ll get rich in food, jobs, quality of life, climate, community, soil, biodiversity.” Perrine Hervé-Gruyer
- 37. Seven Core Solutions 1. A Ten-Year Transition Out of Capitalism
- 38. Seven Core Solutions 1. A Ten-Year Transition Out of Capitalism 2. A Ten-Year Transition to Regenerative Organic Farming
- 39. Seven Core Solutions 1. A Ten-Year Transition Out of Capitalism 2. A Ten-Year Transition to Regenerative Organic Farming 3. A Cooperative Food Economy
- 40. Seven Core Solutions 1. A Ten-Year Transition Out of Capitalism 2. A Ten-Year Transition to Regenerative Organic Farming 3. A Cooperative Food Economy 4. Access to Farm Land
- 41. Seven Core Solutions 1. A Ten-Year Transition Out of Capitalism 2. A Ten-Year Transition to Regenerative Organic Farming 3. A Cooperative Food Economy 4. Access to Farm Land 5. A Fair Trade Code of Conduct for Retailers
- 42. Seven Core Solutions 1. A Ten-Year Transition Out of Capitalism 2. A Ten-Year Transition to Regenerative Organic Farming 3. A Cooperative Food Economy 4. Access to Farm Land 5. A Fair Trade Code of Conduct for Retailers 6. Community Food Security
- 43. Seven Core Solutions 1. A Ten-Year Transition Out of Capitalism 2. A Ten-Year Transition to Regenerative Organic Farming 3. A Cooperative Food Economy 4. Access to Farm Land 5. A Fair Trade Code of Conduct for Retailers 6. Community Food Security 7. Pandemic Food Supply Planning
- 44. Global Context
- 48. Global Context Climate Emergency Agriculture: 25% of global emissions Meat and Dairy: 16%
- 53. Global Context Biodiversity Emergency Primary cause: Agro-industrial farming
- 54. Global Context Ecological Overshoot Primary causes: Burning fossil fuels Agro-industrial farming
- 55. Global Context Loss of Topsoil
- 57. Global Context Loss of Topsoil
- 59. Global Context The True Cost of Global Farming
- 60. Global Context Gross Economic Inequality and Anger
- 61. Global Context Covid-19 Pandemic & Economic Collapse
- 63. Ocean Photography/VEER Capitalist farming is destroying soil, ecosystems, biodiversity, water resilience, carbon storage, farmers’ incomes and rural communities.
- 64. Ocean Photography/VEER Capitalism is not an economic system. It is a cultural system based on self-interested values expressed in the economy through the use of capital.
- 65. Ocean Photography/VEER Capitalist farming is destroying the planet. Its bankers and CEOs are following a rulebook which says that money matters more than food.
- 66. Global Context The 2020s is the most crucial decade in the history of our civilization
- 68. 40 years of side-by-side trials
- 70. North American Context Domination by giant multinational corporations Source: Jon Steinman, Grocery Story, 2019
- 71. North American Context Since 1990, the giant corporations that supply farm inputs and services have left farmers with just 5% of farm revenues, causing farm debt to nearly double to $106 billion since 2000. Source: Jon Steinman, Grocery Story, 2019
- 72. North American Context Between 1985 and 2016, transnational agri-businesses were the primary recipients of US farm revenues, capturing 98% of total farm revenues. Source: Jon Steinman, Grocery Story, 2019
- 73. North American Context 2018 saw the lowest realized net farm income for Canadian farmers in 12 years, a 40% decrease since 2017. Source: Jon Steinman, Grocery Story, 2019
- 74. North American Context The supermarkets’ mark-up on food rose from 18% between 1950 & 1980 to 67% in 2018. In 2005 Safeway took $2.5 billion in vendor allowances, with vendors paying up to $30,000 per product. Source: Jon Steinman, Grocery Story, 2019
- 75. North American Context Processed foods are controlled by just ten players
- 76. North American Context Organic foods are dominated by multinationals like Coca-Cola, Campbell Soup Co. and ConAgra
- 77. North American Context Since 1995 the number of independent organic food processing companies in the U.S. has fallen from 81 to 15.
- 79. British Columbia Context Survey Question #1 BC has 2.59 million hectares of farmland. What % is growing vegetables? A: 15.3% B: 8.9% C: 2.4% D: 0.25%
- 80. British Columbia Context BC has 2.59 million hectares of farmland • 57% pasture 1.43 million hectares • 13.5% growing hay 348,000 hectares • 7.5% growing field crops (barley, wheat etc) 195,000 hectares • 1% growing fruits, berries and nuts 25,000 hectares • 0.25% growing vegetables 6,478 hectares 2016 Census of Agriculture 53 times more land is growing hay than is growing vegetables
- 81. British Columbia Context 17,500 farms. 26,000 farm operators, 44,500 employees 5% (900 farms) are organic or in transition 1.4% (249 farms) are using Community Supported Agriculture 2016 Census of Agriculture
- 82. Kent Mullinix, Kwantlen University Institute for Sustainable Food Systems
- 83. Alberni Valley Regional District • 7,702 hectares in the ALR • 3,171 hectares actively farmed (41%) • 4,531 hectares lying idle (59%) • 90% is livestock production or feed for livestock. • 3% is vegetables, berries, grapes and horticultural food crops. • The region imports 89-95% of its food. Source: Alberni Valley Agricultural Plan, 2010
- 84. Alberni Valley Regional District • Average gross farm receipts: $61,797 per farm • Farmer keeps 8 cents of every $1 of produce sold • $4,606 per farm to cover all overhead costs Average age of farm operators in 2010: 54 years old Average age of farm operators in 2020 …
- 85. BC’s food chain is hugely dependent on imports On Vancouver Island, Powell River, Haida Gwaii, Prince Rupert and Kitimat 95% of all food is imported by truck or ferry. Just-in-time food supply chain management means that these communities have only 2-3 days food supply.
- 86. Food Secure Canada, May 14, 2020 “It is critical that decisions made now – when system change is finally understood as not only possible, but necessary – lay the foundations for resilient and equitable food futures, notably in the context of climate change and the ongoing collapse of biodiversity.”
- 87. COVID-19 is still spreading, raising concerns about BC’s food supply if it spreads among poorly paid, poorly treated migrant farmworkers.
- 88. May 29, 2020
- 89. BC has the land, and willing young farmers. So what’s the problem? • Cost of land • Lack of farmland housing • Lack of skilled labour • Lack of capital to develop farm fixtures and equipment • Lack of infrastructure: shared warehouses, coolers, storage • Lack of profit: hard to compete with industrially produced food.
- 91. based on The Economics of Kindness
- 92. The Five Principles of the Economics of Kindness 1. Be Kind to Nature 2. Be Kind to People 3. Build a Cooperative Market Economy 4. Build a Democratically Strong Government 5. Suppress Domination
- 96. Seven Core Solutions 1. A Ten-Year Transition Out of Capitalism 2. A Ten-Year Transition to Regenerative Organic Farming 3. A Cooperative Food Economy 4. Access to Farm Land 5. A Fair Trade Code of Conduct for Retailers 6. Community Food Security 7. Pandemic Food Supply Planning
- 97. Seven Core Solutions 1. A Ten-Year Transition Out of Capitalism
- 98. Seven Core Solutions 1. A Ten-Year Transition Out of Capitalism A planned legislated transition to a Purpose-Based Charter for every business operating in BC, requiring that it operate for the benefit of all stakeholders, including Nature, workers, communities, customers and suppliers, as well as for profit. Requires clear political leadership and support
- 99. Seven Core Solutions 2. A Ten-Year Transition to Regenerative Organic Farming
- 107. A Ten-Year Transition, 2020-2030 Government Leadership
- 108. A Ten-Year Transition, 2020-2030 Community Leadership
- 109. Ten-Year Transition #1. BC Ministry of Agriculture • Establish a Food Resilience and Sustainability Task Force • Develop an overarching regenerative food policy • Enact a Food Resilience and Sustainability Act with legally binding targets for regenerative farming, local food production, supply chain resilience, farm wages, retail sector partnerships, public health.
- 110. Ten-Year Transition #2 Establish an Agricultural Land Reserve protect agricultural land and encourage farming Done, 1973
- 111. Ten-Year Transition #3 A Tax on Pesticides Phase in a tax on chemical pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and fertilizers. Use 100% of the income to support growers in the transition to organic regenerative farming.
- 112. Ten-Year Transition #4 A Tax on HFSS foods High Fats, Salt & Sugar
- 113. Ten-Year Transition #5 A Tax on Food Advertising Exemptions for sustainable foods
- 114. Ten-Year Transition #6 Ecological Land Value Taxation Phase in income and property tax reductions for regenerative methods of farming known to increase soil carbon storage and biodiversity.
- 115. Ten-Year Transition #7 Food Procurement Policies • Local food procurement policies for universities, schools, hospitals, correctional facilities, seniors care homes. • Restore kitchens and chefs. • Require contracts to apply sustainable dietary guidelines.
- 116. Ten-Year Transition #8 Regenerative Farming Education & Research Expand Agriculture Extension Services and horticultural training programs, especially • Bio-intensive • Organic • Agro-ecological • Permacultural • Regenerative
- 117. Ten-Year Transition #9 Meat and Dairy Explore the best ways to encourage a reduction in the consumption of meat and dairy to tackle the climate emergency and the biodiversity crisis.
- 118. Ten-Year Transition #10 Regional Growers’ Cooperatives and Community Food Hubs Provide 3-year funding for people to develop Regional Cooperatives and Food Hubs all around BC.
- 119. Seven Core Solutions 3. A Cooperative Food Economy
- 121. Finland The world’s most cooperative economy • 5,500 cooperatives • 84% of adult Finns are members of at least one coop. • 17% of Finns work for a coop. • Finnish agricultural cooperatives have a market share of 97% in milk, 80% in meat. • Consumer cooperatives supply 45% of people’s daily goods. • 50% of Finns are members of the cooperatively-owned S Group, which includes 650 restaurants, 503 grocery stores, 432 supermarkets, and a massive grocery logistics center.
- 122. British Columbia Population 5.1 million
- 123. British Columbia Population 5.1 million 72 Agriculture and Food cooperatives
- 124. British Columbia Population 5.1 million We need 29 Regional Growers’ Cooperatives 1 for each Regional District
- 125. Discovery Organics Certified Organic, Fair Trade 47 growers Randy Hooper and Annie Moss www.discoveryorganics.ca
- 126. The North Okanagan Regional Growers’ Cooperative Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Some 2,400 farms Agricultural Land Reserve: 69,000 hectares 47% used for farming. 51% not used for farming 25,000 hectares of farmed land (87% forest and pasture)
- 127. The North Okanagan Regional Growers’ Cooperative
- 128. The North Okanagan Regional Growers’ Cooperative Farming Skills Business Skills Mentors
- 129. The North Okanagan Regional Growers’ Cooperative Shared Distribution Central Depot Shared Supply Management Farming Skills Business Skills Mentors
- 130. The North Okanagan Regional Growers’ Cooperative Shared Distribution Central Depot Shared Seeds Security Shared Supply Management Farming Skills Business Skills Mentors Shared Transportation Shared Processing Shared Storage
- 131. The North Okanagan Regional Growers’ Cooperative Shared marketing advertising Shared Distribution Central Depot CSA Distribution Help Shared Seeds Security Shared Supply Management Farming Skills Business Skills Mentors Shared Transportation Shared Processing Shared Storage
- 132. The North Okanagan Regional Growers’ Cooperative Shared marketing advertising Shared Distribution Central Depot CSA Distribution Help Shared Seeds Security Shared Supply Management Farming Skills Business Skills Mentors Shared Transportation Shared Processing Shared Storage Access to Capital Community Investors
- 133. The North Okanagan Regional Growers’ Cooperative Shared marketing advertising Shared Distribution Central Depot CSA Distribution Help Shared Seeds Security Shared Supply Management Shared Research and Development Farming Skills Business Skills Mentors Shared Transportation Shared Processing Shared Storage Access to Capital Community Investors
- 134. The North Okanagan Regional Growers’ Cooperative Shared marketing advertising Cooperative Grocery Stores Shared Distribution Central Depot CSA Distribution Help Shared Seeds Security Shared Supply Management Shared Research and Development Farming Skills Business Skills Mentors Shared Transportation Shared Processing Shared Storage Access to Capital Community Investors
- 135. The North Okanagan Regional Growers’ Cooperative Shared marketing advertising Cooperative Grocery Stores Shared Distribution Central Depot CSA Distribution Help Shared Seeds Security Shared Supply Management Shared Research and Development Farming Skills Business Skills Mentors Shared Transportation Shared Processing Shared Storage Access to Capital Community Investors Shared Lobbying
- 142. Community Economic Development What’s Possible?
- 143. In Nova Scotia Provincial equity tax credits focused on community benefit have inspired people to invest $100 million in 76 projects through the Community Economic Development Investment Fund, including substantial investments in food, and a diverse range of co- operative and social enterprises.
- 144. In Portland Oregon The bioregional group EcoTrust invested $25 million to buy two old industrial buildings on Salmon Street, one as a campus hub for innovation in bioregional food and farm systems, the other connecting farmers to their markets by providing 170 food businesses with warehousing, cold storage and cargo-bike delivery into Portland’s diverse food ecosystem.
- 145. In Quebec Chantier de l’Economie Sociale supports 11,200 social economy enterprises that employ 220,000 people, generate $48 billion a year and involve 90,000 people as voluntary board members.
- 146. Seven Core Solutions 4. Access to Farm Land
- 147. FRASER VALLEY $16,000/acre $50,000 - $186,000/acre
- 148. Quesnal, Cariboo, 400 acres, $1 million How can young people possibly buy BC farmland?
- 150. FARM VILLAGES The Way of the Future
- 151. Throughout the world, in every culture, farmers have lived in small farm villages
- 152. Batad, Philippines
- 153. The Proposal That the ALR rules are changed, allowing that on any farm of more than 20 hectares, one hectare can be rezoned to allow a limited amount of clustered housing for farm workers.
- 154. A Community Farmland Zone Would allow the development of clustered farm worker housing, with strict controls to ensure that the land is farmed, and never bought for conventional real estate purposes: 1. A Community Farmland Zone Bylaw 2. A Covenant registered with the land 3. Strata Farm Fees that do not apply if the land is farmed 4. Registration of a Housing Agreement, restricting residential units to farmers and their families.
- 156. Farm Village
- 157. Farm Housing Cluster Cost of land: $100,000? Shared by 5 families = $20,000 each Cost of small starter self-built house: $150,000 Total: $170,000 $34,000 down-payment Mortgage: $620 a month
- 158. Leased or purchased Farm Housing Cluster Cost of land: $100,000? Shared by 5 families = $20,000 each Cost of small starter self-built house: $150,000 Total: $170,000 $34,000 down-payment Mortgage: $620 a month
- 159. Four levels of protection to ensure that the zone is not abused: 1. Community Farm Zone Bylaw 2. Covenant attached to the land 3. Strata Council Farm Fees 4. Registered Housing Agreement Farm Housing Cluster Cost of land: $100,000? Shared by 5 families = $20,000 each Cost of small starter self-built house: $150,000 Total: $170,000 $34,000 down-payment Mortgage: $620 a month
- 160. Alberni Valley 4,531 hectares vacant farmland 100 Possible Farm Village Clusters 45 hectares each
- 161. 4,531 hectares = 11,000 vacant acres Assume 50% can be cultivated Bio-intensive organic 1.5 farm jobs per acre = 8,000 potential farm jobs
- 162. Land Ownership • Private rental from the farm owner • Strata-title, owned by the farm workers • Community Land Trust owns the land, farm workers own their homes
- 163. Operating Models Shared farm business or cooperative Individual farm partners Employed farm workers
- 164. Permitted Income Farming Value added products Educational courses Farm holidays
- 165. Survey Question #2 Would you like to live and work in a Farm Village? A. Yes, absolutely. B. Yes, if it was allowed C. Yes, but it’ll never happen D. No
- 166. Seven Core Solutions 5. A Fair Trade Code of Conduct for Retailers
- 168. 1. Jimmy Pattison Group: 110 stores Save-On Foods/Quality Foods/Nature’s Fare 2. Sobeys: Safeway, 29 Thrifty Foods, IGA FreshCo 3. Walmart: 44 stores 4. Costco: 10 stores 5. Loblaws: Real Canadian Superstore, SuperValu BC’s Retail Oligopoly
- 169. Retail Oligopoly President Roosevelt, 1938: “If you believe with me in private initiative, you must acknowledge the right of well-managed small business to expect to make reasonable profits. You must admit that the destruction of this opportunity follows concentration of control of any given industry into a small number of dominating corporations.”
- 170. A Retail Code of Conduct to prevent monopoly abuse • Require % of fresh produce to be local • No slotting fees, “perfect food” standards, delayed payments, promotional allowances, long-term contracts, retroactive penalties, price competition penalties or other strategies used to maintain power over suppliers. • Allow food-makers to set the minimum price their products are sold at in stores. (US 1937 Miller-Tydings Act) • Guarantee small grocery stores access to same products at same prices as large chains (US 1936 Robinson-Patman Act) “Market power at all levels of the food system has dealt significant harm to the women, men and families producing and harvesting our food.” - Jon Steinman
- 171. Seven Core Solutions 6. Community Food Security
- 173. Community Food Hub Community Food Hub Wide Membership
- 174. Welfare, work and income policies to address food poverty and insecurity Community Food Hub Wide Membership
- 175. Welfare, work and income policies to address food poverty and insecurity Community Food Hub Wide Membership Political Pressure
- 176. Welfare, work and income policies to address food poverty and insecurity Ecology 101 and farmland education in all schools K-12 Community Food Hub Wide Membership
- 177. Welfare, work and income policies to address food poverty and insecurity Ecology 101 and farmland education in all schools K-12 Dig for Victory campaign to grow food in front & back yards Community Food Hub Wide Membership
- 178. Welfare, work and income policies to address food poverty and insecurity Ecology 101 and farmland education in all schools K-12 Dig for Victory campaign to grow food in front & back yards Community Root Cellar, Juice Press, Tools Library Community Food Hub Wide Membership
- 179. Welfare, work and income policies to address food poverty and insecurity Ecology 101 and farmland education in all schools K-12 Dig for Victory campaign to grow food in front & back yards Community Root Cellar, Juice Press, Tools Library Community Allotments Community Food Hub Wide Membership
- 180. Welfare, work and income policies to address food poverty and insecurity Ecology 101 and farmland education in all schools K-12 Dig for Victory campaign to grow food in front & back yards Community Root Cellar, Juice Press, Tools Library Community Food Festivals Seedy Saturdays Community Allotments Community Food Hub Wide Membership
- 181. Welfare, work and income policies to address food poverty and insecurity Ecology 101 and farmland education in all schools K-12 Dig for Victory campaign to grow food in front & back yards Community Root Cellar, Juice Press, Tools Library Transform Food Banks into Community Food Learning Centres Community Food Festivals Seedy Saturdays Community Allotments Community Food Hub Wide Membership
- 182. Welfare, work and income policies to address food poverty and insecurity Ecology 101 and farmland education in all schools K-12 Dig for Victory campaign to grow food in front & back yards Community Root Cellar, Juice Press, Tools Library Transform Food Banks into Community Food Learning Centres Community Food Festivals Seedy Saturdays Community Allotments Community Food Social Enterprises Community Food Hub Wide Membership
- 188. Seven Core Solutions 7. Pandemic Food Supply Planning
- 190. June 2020 Includes a proposal to hire 5,000 Farm Rangers to work on BC farms this summer
- 191. Urgent measures to assist people on lower incomes who can’t afford to stockpile or pay higher prices. Prepare for Supply Chain Disruptions
- 192. Expand local BC food production • All of the above • Pay farmers $2,000/acre to grow food (not hay) on vacant farmland • Raise the annual revenue requirement for tax reduction on classified farmland between 2-10 acres from $2,500 to $10,000.
- 193. Improve conditions for BC’s migrant farm workers
- 194. Radical Action with Migrants (RAMA) A grassroots migrant justice group that strives to support 5,000 Latin American and Caribbean temporary migrant farmworkers in the Okanagan Valley.
- 195. Explore solutions to likely conflicts with the new US-Canada-Mexico Agreement. Free trade agreements make no allowance for a pandemic, and accord no importance to the resilience of local and regional food supply chains. We cannot sacrifice human lives and the stability of our society on the altar of shareholder-value-maximizing free trade.
- 196. How Can We Do It? 1. Key groups meet together 2. Decide on the top priorities 3. Turn them into a Manifesto 4. Get 100,000 people to sign on 5. Besiege every politician in BC
- 197. How Can We Do It? The 2020s is the most crucial decade in the history of our civilization
- 198. How Can We Do It? It’s up to us
- 200. Dream it Plan it Do it
- 201. Survey Question #3 Do you think that taken together, these ideas could build a truly resilient local food system? A. Yes, they could B. Maybe, if there was enough support C. No, they are politically impossible