CONTROL THEORY

1. CAREER POINT UNIVERSITY
KOTA
Presented By
Aaftab Alam
U.I.D: K10870
Branch:Mechanical
Sem./Year:6th/3rd
Presentation On
Study and Simulation Of Adder Amplifier
Presented to
Mr.Somesh Chaturvedi
Assistant professor of Electrical department

2. Table Of Content
• Introduction
• History
• Types Of Amplifier
• Example
• Parameters
• Application
• Simulation
• Simulation Result
• Conclusion
• Reference

3. Introduction
 An operational amplifier is a high-gain direct-coupled amplifier that is
normally used in feedback connections.
 An operational amplifier IC is a solid state integrated circuit that
uses external feedback to control its functions. It is one of the most
versatile devices in all of electronics.
 The term 'op-amp' was originally used to describe a chain of high
performance dc amplifiers that was used as a basis for the analog
type computers of long ago.
 The very high gain op-amp IC's our days uses external feedback
networks to control responses. The op-amp without any external
devices is called 'open-loop' mode, referring actually to the so-called
'ideal' operational amplifier with infinite open-loop Gain, input
resistance, bandwidth and a zero output resistance.
 The op-amp is basically a differential amplifier having a large
voltage gain, very high input impedance and low output impedance.
 The op-amp has a "inverting" or (-) input and "non inverting" or (+)
input and a single output. The op-amp is usually powered by a dual
polarity power supply in the range of +/- 5 volts to +/- 15 volts.

4. History
• 1947: In 1947, the Op-amp was first formally defined and named in
a paper by Prof. John Ragazzini of Columbia University. This Op-
amp designed b Loebe Julie, was superior in a variety of ways. It
had two major innovations. Its in out stage used a ling-tailed triode
pair with loads matched to reduce drift in the output and far more
importantly, it was the first p-amp design to have two inputs
(inverting and non-inverting).
• 1961: 1961 were producing solid state, discrete Op-amps. The P45
had a gain of 94dB and a ran on (+ or -) 15V.
• 1962: First Op-amp in potted modules.
• 1963: First monolithic IC Op-amp.
• 1966: first Varactor Bridge Op-amps.
• 1970: First High-speed, low input current FET design.
• 1972: Single sided supply Op-amps being.

5. Types Of Opt.Amplifier
• 1. Ideal Op-amp:
• The main part in an amplifier is the dependent voltage source that
increases in relation to the voltage drop across Rin, thus amplifying
the voltage difference between V+ and V-.

6. ;-
• 2.Summing Amplifier: The
Summing Amplifier is a very flexible circuit based upon the standard
Inverting Operational Amplifier configuration. In the Inverting
Amplifier if we add another input resistor equal in value to the
original input resistor, Rin we end up with another operational
amplifier circuit called a Summing Amplifier, "Summing Inverter" or
even a "Voltage Adder" circuit as shown below.
•

7. ;-
• 3.Difference Amplifier:
• This fundamental op amp circuit, amplifies the difference between
the input signals. The subtracting feature is evident from the circuit
configuration which shows that one input signal is applied to the
inverting terminal and the other to the non-inverting terminal.

8. Absolute Maximum Parameters
• Maximum means that the op-amp can safely tolerate the maximum
ratings as given in the data section of such op-amp without the
possibility of destroying it.

9. Example

10. • Pin 1 (Offset Null): Offset nulling, Since the op-amp is the
differential type, input offset voltage must be controlled so as to
minimize offset. Offset voltage is nulled by application of a voltage of
opposite polarity to the of set. An offset null adjustment potential
meter may be used to compensate for offset voltage. .
• Pin 2 (Inverted Input): All input signals at this pin will be inverted at
output pin 6. Pins 2 and 3 are very important (obviously) to get the
correct input signals or the op-amp can not do its work.
• Pin 3 (Non-Inverted Input): All input signals at this pin will be
processed normally without in version. The rest is the same as pin 2.
• Pin 4 (-V): The V- pin (also referred to as Vss) is the negative supply
voltage terminal.
• Pin 6 (Output): Output signal's polarity will be the oposite of the
input's when this signal is applied to the op-amp's inverting input.
• Pin 7 (posV): The V+ pin (also referred to as Vcc) is the positive
supply voltage terminal of the 741 Op-Amp IC.

11. Applications
• Audio and video-frequency pre-amplifiers and buffers
• Voltage comparators
• Differential amplifiers
• Differentiators and integrators
• Filters
• Precision rectifiers
• Precision peak detectors
• Voltage and current regulators
• Analog calculators
• Analog-Digital converters
• Digital-Analog converters
• Voltages clamps

12. Simulation

13. Simulation Result

14. Conclusion
• With such op. amp., we can use as adder as well as sub tractor
configuration. In adder configuration we are giving input to V1 and
V2, so we get Summation of this two inputs, at the output terminal
with minus sign, the minus sign is because of we are doing this
configuration in inverting configuration. While in subtractor
configuration we are giving input to V1 and V2. So that at the output
terminal, we get difference of these two inputs, because of
Differential Configuration.

15. Reference
• Google
• Wikipedia
• www.seminar.com