A New Consumer Programme For Greener Cars Launched on 28 February 2019

1. Introduction to
Green NCAP
A New Consumer Programme For
Greener Cars

2. New Car Market by Fuel Types
36%
58%
4% 1% 1%
Total Market: 15,624,486 units (2018)
Diesel Petrol Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Battery Electric
Source: ACEA

3. Mission & Vision
→ For Greener Cars
The highest standard is attributed to a car that maximises the reduction
of its own pollutants and greenhouse gasses and, at the same time,
operates at minimised fossil fuel consumption and/or maximized energy
efficiency under real-world conditions during its life time.

4. Aims
→ Provide comprehensive, simple rating information to consumers, fleet
operators and other stakeholders
→ Stimulate real green cars to enter the market
→ Reduce pollutant and noise exposure damaging to human health
→ Restoring consumer confidence by reducing the gap between claimed and real-
world consumption

5. Approach
→ Develop a holistic assessment of a vehicle’s environmental
performance
→ Expand environmental performance test boundary conditions
and enhance test robustness
→ Analysis of (non-)regulated pollutants
→ Analysis of energy efficiency and (non-)regulated greenhouse gas emissions
→ Assess real-world noise emissions

6. Scope
→ Vehicle types
→ Category M1 vehicles (passenger cars)
→ Propulsion unit types
→ All propulsion unit types and combinations (ICE, HEV* and BEVs)
*from 2020 onwards

7. Guiding Principles
→ Independence
→ Objectivity (technology neutral)
→ Reliability
→ Transparency
→ Quality

8. Partners




9. Jan-June Jul-Dec Jan-June Jul-Dec Jan-June2017
PILOT PROJECT
PHASE 1
Drafting procedures
Draft protocols
Launch
Milestones:
Rating scheme
2018
Timeline
2019
First verification tests
Round-robin tests
Validation

10. Technical
Assessment

11. Main Assessment Principle
→ The vehicle´s propulsion unit shall be clean and energy efficient in every
feasible engine speed and load operation point on and under the maximum
torque curve
Propulsion
unit
performance
Pollutant
emissions
Energy
efficiency

12. Laboratory* Robustness*
(Laboratory & Real-World)
PEMS*
(Real-World)
Engine Load
(Max Curve Mapping)
*Pollutants, GHG Emissions, Fuel/Energy Consumption, in future real-world Driving Range will be added.
Test Matrix Overview
→ WLTC+ cold engine (2x) → WLTC warm engine (reg.)
→ WLTC warm (eco mode)
→ WLTC warm (sport mode)
→ BAB130 motorway
→ PEMS+ warm Eco
→ PEMS+ warm Heavy load
→ PEMS+ cold engine (reg.) → Sweep test to log
maximum engine load
versus engine speed
(fully depressed
accelerator pedal)
Note: Independent, direct access to vehicle data via ODB interface or remotely via telematics unit is required
Approval test cycles under
average ambient conditions
(@ 14ºC)
Custom-tailored tests with
variations of vehicle settings,
low and high engine load)
Custom-tailored approval
driving tests under real-world
ambient conditions
Custom-tailored sweep test
to visualise maximum engine
load operation sampling

13. Repeatability & Reproducibility
→ Basis: regulatory EU WLTP & RDE test procedures, custom-tailored
→ Repeatability
→ Generally using laboratory test results as basis to calculate clean air index scores.
Real-world testing used for verification purposes
→ Using only laboratory test results as basis to calculate energy efficiency index.
However, using real-world testing under development
→ Reproducibility
→ Excellent Round Robin results achieved by the eight participating labs
→ Applying harmonised test procedures and use of reference fuel

14. Test Vehicle Selection
→ Representative vehicles
→ Fully type-approved and in
conformity with all legal requirements
→ From series production and be
legally marketed to the general public
Important market
segments
Best selling
vehicles
Alternative drive
systems & new
technologies
Manufacturer
nominated
Selection Criteria

15. Rating Method
→ Overall Star rating:
→ 0 (poor) to 5 (best) stars
→ Two Boxes:
→ Clean Air Index (0-10pts), rating
polluting components HC, NOx, CO, PN
→ Energy Efficiency Index (0-10pts), rating
fuel/energy consumption
Overall
Star Rating
Clean Air
Index
Energy
Efficiency Index
Clean Air Energy Efficiency
5 stars 8.0 7.5
4 stars 7.0 6.0
3 stars 6.0 4.5
2 stars 5.0 3.0
1 star 4.0 1.5
0 stars 0.0 0.0

16. → One “yardstick”
→ ICE-fuels are converted to energy content, allowing direct comparison
(tank-to-wheel) in kWh/100km
→ Thresholds identical for all lab-tests, PEMS considered not suitable yet
Equals approximately
Energy Consumption Petrol Diesel
Lower threshold 40 kWh/100km 4.6 l/100 km 4.1 l/100 km
Upper threshold 90 kWh/100km 10.4 l/100 km 9.1 l/100 km
Energy Efficiency

17. Roadmap 2030
→ Future steps to develop the
programme further
→ Based on stakeholder input
→ Includes well-to-wheel
assessment, range, noise etc.
→ Will be updated from time to time

18. “Green Vehicle Index”
→ Upcoming RTD Project will be a catalyst for future developments
→ Full set of improved and aligned test protocols
→ Validated scoring methodology & tools
→ Updated roadmap
→ Full set of validated tests (lab & PEMS
real-world) for 50+ cars

19. Lab Testing vs Remote Sensing
→ Several indexes proposed based on Remote Sensing of vehicles, e.g. TRUE
Initiative, AIR, …
→ Indications of real-world vehicle emissions in urban environment
→ Distinguishes gross pollutant emitters from well-performing vehicles
→ Laboratory and PEMS tests are imperative to allow a detailed comparison
between cars over the total bandwidth
→ Both methods are compatible and could be integrated in the longer term

20. Green NCAP
Inaugural Tests

21. Ford Fiesta 1L GDi
EcoBoost (Euro6b)
Ford Fiesta 1L GDi
EcoBoost (Euro6d Temp)
Fiat Panda 0.9L
Twinair (Euro6b)
VW Golf 1.6L TDI
(Euro6b)
Audi A7 TDI
Sportsback (Euro6d Temp)
Mercedes A200
120 kW (Euro6d Temp)
Volvo XC40 T5
AWD (Euro6d Temp)
Subaru Outback 2.5i
(Euro6d Temp)
BMW X1 18d
(Euro6d Temp)
BMW i3 18d PEV
(Euro6b)
Hyundai Ioniq PEV
(Euro6b)
VW UP! GTI
(Euro6d Temp)
DDD
PPP
PPP P
E
E
E Battery Electric P Petrol D Diesel

22. X-Road Traveller
2.0 petrol, 4x4 auto6.2/10 3.4/10
Clean Air Index Energy Efficiency
Index
Example vehicle - Not rated

23. Datasheet Explained
→ Aled to add a few comments

24. Load Curve Mapping
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
800 1800 2800 3800 4800 5800
EnergyConsumption(Wh/s)
Engine Speed (rpm)
Energy Consumption (Wh/s)
Full Load curve
WLTC Cold start
WLTC Warm Sport
BAB130 Warm start
PEMS Cold start (RDE)
PEMS Warm Heavy
Power (Full Load curve)

25. Overall Ratings
Car Model Star Rating Clean Air Index Energy Efficiency Index
BMW i3 PEV (Euro 6b)  10 8.5
Hyundai IONIQ PEV (Euro 6b)  10 8.5
VW UP! (Euro 6d_Temp)  9.2 6.7
BMW X1d (Euro 6d_Temp)  9.4 5.8
Mercedes A200 (Euro 6d_Temp)  9.4 5.2
Ford Fiesta 1L EcoBoost (Euro 6d_Temp)  8 4.4
Audi A7 50 TDI (Euro 6d_Temp)  7.3 2.5
Volvo XC40 T5 (Euro 6d_Temp)  6.8 2.3
Subaru Outback 2.5i (Euro 6d_Temp)  6.5 1.8
VW Golf (Euro 6b)  3.1 6.7
Ford Fiesta 1L EcoBoost (Euro 6b)  1.1 6.6
Fiat Panda 0.9L (Euro 6b)  0 6
E
E
P
P
P
P
P
P
D
D
D
P
E Battery Electric P Petrol D Diesel

26. [CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 2 4 6 8 10
CleanAirIndex
Energy Efficiency Index
Index Overview
Euro6b
1 star
3 stars
4 stars
5 stars
2 stars

27. Euro6d_temp versus Euro6b
→ Ford Fiesta 1L GDi EcoBoost (2018)
→ Euro6d_temp | Petrol
→ Clean Air Index: 8
→ Energy Efficiency Index: 4.4
→ Ford Fiesta 1L GDi EcoBoost (2017)
→ Euro6b | Petrol
→ Clean Air Index: 1.1
→ Energy Efficiency Index: 6.6

28. Market Range
→ Subaru Outback 2.5i (2018)
→ Euro6d_temp | Petrol
→ Price: € 35,000-40,000
→ BMW X1 18d (2018)
→ Euro6d_temp | Diesel
→ Price: € 31,000-41,000
→ Hyundai Ioniq PEV (2018)
→ Euro6b | Electric
→ Price: € 26,000-38,000

29. Limitations
→ At the moment, BEVs receive maximum test scores and highest 5-star rating
→ Tank-to-wheel assessment (TtW) for BEVs is inherently limited but is the only
feasible option today to provide a consistent consumer rating across the EU
→ The energy efficiency index has build-in some head-room to be applied in the
next steps:
→ Driving resistance/vehicle mass
→ Energy consumption measurement under real-world conditions
→ Driving range and speed of recharging

30. Conclusions
→ Euro6d_temp conventional vehicles rate from 1 to 4 stars regardless
of the fuel type
→ Electric vehicles rate with 5 stars but only TtW is considered at the
moment
→ Already significant improvement on the Clean Air Index with RDE
legislation
→ Green NCAP brings simple, digestible information to consumers
based on objective and challenging environmental performance tests