IV -I - EQS - .pptx

In the civil engineering field, the construction activity
contains the following three steps:
1. Plans
2. Estimations
3. Execution ( Construction).

1. Plans :
preparation of drawings (Plans, Sections, Elevations) with full
dimensions and detailed specifications, meeting the requirements of
the proposed structure.
2.Estimations:
Preparation of an estimate is for arriving cost of the structure, to
verify the available funds, or to procure the required funds for
completion of the proposed structure.
3.Execution:
It is grounding the proposed structure for construction as per
the provisions contained in drawings and estimation. The plans
contains sizes of rooms and dimensions of the work and the estimate
contains the quantity and quality aspects of the structure.

Definition of Estimate:
An estimate is defined, is the technique of calculating or computing the
various quantities and the expected expenditure to be incurred on a
particular work or project.
Requirements to Prepare an Estimate:
The following data is necessary for preparation of estimate,
i. Drawings
ii. Specifications
iii.Rates
i. Drawings :
Drawings consists Plan, Cross – Sections of important points,
gives full dimensions of each element of structure.

ii. Specifications :
The quality of the work and life of the structure depends on the
specifications adopted, during execution of structure. It specifies the
properties of materials, proportions of mixing, types of workmanship etc.,
iii. Rates :
The rates of various materials and different categories of labour
involved in construction of structures are available at the “Standard
Schedule of Rates” (S.S.R) approved by the concerned engineering
authorities every year. For certain minor items the rates will not found in
S.S.R and these are to be obtained from local market on accurate enquiry.
The rate per unit of various item of work can be worked out by the method
of Analysis of Rates with adoption of breakup from standard data book and
lead charges from S.S.R.

Procedure of Estimating (or) Method of Estimating
Estimating involves the following operations:
A. Preparing Detailed Estimate
B. Calculating the Rate of each unit of work
C. Preparing Abstract of Estimate
Need of Estimate
The object of preparing the estimate for any Civil Engineering. Structure is:
a. To know the quantities of various items of work , materials and labour and their
source of identification.
b. To decide whether the proposal can match the available funds to complete the
structures.
c. To obtain the administrative and technical sanction of the estimate from the
competent authorities to release the funds for construction.
d. To invite tenders or quotations based on the estimate quantities for entrust of
work to the execution.

Accuracy in Estimation
o The estimate has to be prepared carefully with maximum possible
accuracy.
o If the estimate is accurate, the construction work can be completed
in all respects and it serves the purpose for which it is meant.
o If the estimate is not accurate the construction is incomplete and it
will not serve the purpose and involving additional amount and
arriving unnecessary problems.
The following are the general guidelines for Accuracy…
i. All the dimensions shall be measured to the nearest 0.01 m
ii. All the areas shall be worked out the nearest 0.01 sq. m
iii.All the volume shall be worked out to the nearest 0.01 cu m.

Types of Estimations
There are different types of estimates and they are as follows:
i. Detailed Estimate
ii. Preliminary (or) Approximate (or) Rough Estimate
iii.Quantity Estimate (or) Quantity Survey
iv.Revised Estimate
v. Supplementary Estimate
vi.Revised Estimate and Supplementary Estimates due to reduction
cost (following P.W.D.Manual)
vii.Complete estimate
viii.Annual Maintenance (or) Repair Estimate [A M (or) A R Estimate]

i. Detailed Estimate:
• It includes the detailed particulars for the quantities, rates and costs of
all the items involved for satisfactory completion of a project.
• Quantities of all items of work are calculated from their respective dimensions
on the drawings on a measurement sheet.
• Detailed estimate is accompanied by (a) Report, (b) Specifications, (c) Detailed
drawings showing plans, different sections, key or Index plan, etc., (d) Design
data and calculations, (e) Basis of rates adopted in the estimate.
ii. Preliminary or Approximate or Rough Estimate:
*To find out an approximate cost in a short time and thus enables the authority
concerned to consider the financial aspect of the scheme.
*From practical knowledge in various ways for various types of works such as: (i)
Plinth area or square – meter method. (ii) Cubic rate or cubic meter method.
(iii) Service unit or unit rate method. (iv) Approximate quantities with bill
method. (v) Bay method. (vi) Cost comparison method. (vii) Cost from materials
and labour.

iii. Quantity Estimate or Quantity Survey:
• It is a complete estimate or list of quantities for all items of work required to complete
the concerned project.
• The quantity of each individual item of work is worked out from respective dimensions
on the drawing of the structure.
iv. Revised Estimate:
o A detailed estimate for the revised quantities and rates of items of works originally
provided in the estimate without material deviations of a structural nature from the
design originally approved for a project.
o It is required to be prepared for the following reasons:
a. when a sanctioned estimate is likely to exceed by more than 5% either from the rates
being fund insufficient or from any cause a whatsoever except important structural
alterations.
b. When the expenditure of work exceeds or is likely to exceed by more than 10% of the
administrative approval ( for work more than ₹. 5 lakhs).
c. When there are material deviations from the original proposal but not due to material
deviations of a structural nature.
d. When it is found that the sanctioned estimate is more than the actual requirement.

v. Supplementary Estimate:
 While a work is in progress, some changes or additional works due to material
deviation of a structural nature from the design originally approved may be
thought necessary for the development of a project.
 An estimate is then prepared to include all such works. This is known as a
supplementary estimate.
vi. Revised Estimate and Supplementary estimate due to reduction of cost:
• Where a substantial section of a project costing not less than 5% of the total
sanctioned cost of the project is abandoned or where material deviations from
the original proposals are expected to result in substantial savings, the
estimate is revised by the department and intimated to the Engineer – In –
Charge for execution of the work.

viii. Annual maintenance or Repair Estimate ( A.M. or A.R. Estimate):
• After completion of a work it is necessary to maintain the same for its proper
function and for the same, an estimate is prepared for the items which require
renewal, replacement, repairs etc. in the form of a detailed estimate.
Tabular form for Detailed Estimate
Item
No.
Description of
item / work
No.
Measurements
Quantity
Total
Quantity
Explanatory
Note
Length
Breadth
/ Width
Height
/
Depth
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
Tabular form for Abstract Estimate
Item
No.
Description of
item / work
Quantity Rate Per Amount Remarks if Any
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Specification:
• In the construction work “specification” gives full description of work. It
indicates the properties of materials and workmanship for each work. It is
quiet essential to expect the quantity and quality of each item of work.
• It is also gives details of sources of materials and other required information in
the execution of work.
• The tenders and quotations can also be invited by enclosing the specifications
for quoting the rates etc.,
Necessity of Specifications:
- Specifications are essential in construction due to the following:
i. Before tendering, the contractor can work out rates, verification of sources,
properties of materials, transportation facilities etc., from source to work
spot for quoting workable rates in tenders.

ii. To verify the workmanship and availability of required skilled and unskilled
labour for construction.
iii.For arriving the unit cost of each item of work.
iv. To specify both quality and quantity of both materials and workmanship.
v. To specify the machinery and other needed for transportation and
construction.
vi. To attend arbitration or court if necessary.
Types of Specifications:
- The specifications are classified into the following two types:
1. General Specifications: ( Brief Specifications)
2. Detailed Specifications.

1. General Specifications:
oThe general specification gives the general idea of the execution of the
structure.
o It gives brief idea on quality and quantity of work, type of contract, time fixed
for completion of work etc.,
oThis is useful for preparation of detailed estimate.
2. Detailed Specifications:
• It gives the detailed description of each item of works.
• Containing the properties of materials utilized and the source of procurement.
• Type of extraction from source.
• Types of conveyance of materials from source to work spot.
• Details of proportions to be used and type of workmanship to be utilized.
• Considering all technical aspects to maintain superior quality of work and it to
improve the life of the structure.

LUMPSUM:
- While preparing an estimate, it is not possible to work out in detail in case of
petty items.
- Items other than civil engineering such items are called lumpsum items or
simply L.S. items.
- The following are some of L.S items in the estimate:
o Water supply and sanitary arrangements
o Electrical installations like meter, motor etc.,
o Architectural features
o Contingencies and unforeseen items.
- In general, certain percentage on the cost of estimation is allotted for the
above L.S items.
- Even if sub-estimates prepared or at the end of execution of work, the actual
cost should not exceed the L.S amounts provided in the main estimate.

P.S. Charges:
- During execution of any civil engineering structure or project, considerable
number of skilled ( qualified) supervisory staff such as work – inspector – work
Assistants.
- Technical maistries, watchmen etc., were employed on temporary basis for the
technical supervision of the project.
Units of Measurements:
- Standard units principles of working out quantities for detailed and abstract
estimates.
- The units of measurements are mainly categorized for their nature, shape and
size and for making payments to the contractor and also.
- The principle of units of measurements normally consists the following:

a) Single units work like, doors, windows, trusses etc., are expressed in
numbers.
b) Works consists linear measurements involve length like cornice, fencing, hand
rail, bands of specified width etc., are expressed in running meters (RM)
c) Works consists areal surface measurements involve area like plastering, white
washing, partitions of specified thickness etc., are expressed in square
meters (Sq.m)
d) Works consists cubical contents which involve volume like earth work,
cement concrete, masonry etc., are expressed in cubic meters ( Cu m)
[Based on IS – 1200 Revised]
Sl. No Particulars of Item
Units of
Measurements
Units of
Payment
I
Earth Work
1. Earth work Excavation
2. Earth work in filling foundation trenches
and plinth
Cu m
Cu m
Per Cu m
Per Cu m

Units of
Measurements
Units of
Payment
II
Concrete
1. Lime Concrete in foundation
2. Cement Concrete in lintels
3. R.C.C. in Slab
4. C.C. or R.C.C. Chajja, Sunshades
5. L.C. in roof terracing (Thickness Specified)
6. Cement Concrete bed
7. R.C. Sunshade ( Specified width & Height)
Cu m
Cu m
Cu m
Cu m
Sq.m
Cu m
Cu m
Per Cu m
Per Cu m
Per Cu m
Per Cu m
Per Sq.m
Per Cu m
Per Rm
III
Damp Proof Course (D.P.C)
[Thickness should be mentioned]
Sq.m Per Sq.m
IV
Brick Work
1. Brick work in foundation
2. Brick work in Plinth
3. Brick work in Super Structure
4. Thin Partition Walls
5. Brick work in Arches
6. Reinforced Brick work (R.B.Work)
Cu m
Cu m
Cu m
Sq.m
Cu m
Cu m
Per Cu m
Per Cu m
Per Cu m
Per Cu m
Per Cu m
Per Cu m
V Stone Work
1. Stone Masonry Cu m Per Cu m

Units of
Measurements
Units of
Payment
VI
Wood Work
1. Doors and Windows frames or Chow Kats,
rafters, beams
2. Shutters of doors and windows (Thickness
Specified)
3. Doors and windows fittings (Like hinges,
tower bolts, sliding bolts, handles)
Cu m
Sq.m
Number
Per Cu m
Per Sq.m
Per No.
VII
Steel Work
1. Steel reinforcement bars etc., in R.C.C.
and R.B. work
2. Bending, binding of steel reinforcement
3. Rivets, bolts and nuts, anchor bolts, Lewis
bolts, holding down bolts
4. Iron hold fasts
5. Iron railing (height & type specified)
6. Iron grills
Quintal
Quintal
Quintal
Quintal
Quintal
Sq.m
Per Quintal
Per Quintal
Per Quintal
Per Quintal
Per Quintal
Per Sq.m
VIII
Roofing
1. R.C.C. and R.B. Slab roof (Excluding Steel)
2. L.C. roof over and inclusive of tiles or
brick or stone slab etc., (Thickness
specified)
3. Centering and shuttering form work
4. A.C. Sheet roofing
Cu m
Sq.m
Sq.m
Sq.m
Per Cu m
Per Sq.m
Per Sq.m
Per Sq.m

Units of
Measurements
Units of
Payment
IX
Plastering, Pointing & Finishing
1. Plastering – Cement or lime mortar
(Thickness & Proportion specified)
2. Pointing
3. White washing, color washing, cement
wash (Number of coats specified)
4. Distempering (Number of coats specified)
5. Painting, varnishing ( No.of coats
specified)
Sq.m
Sq.m
Sq.m
Sq.m
Sq.m
Per Sq.m
Per Sq.m
Per Sq.m
Per Sq.m
Per Sq.m
X
Flooring
1. 25 mm cement concrete over 75 mm lime
concrete floor (Including L.C)
2. 25 mm or 40 mm C.C. floor
3. Doors and windows sills ( C.C. or cement
mortar plain)
Sq.m
Sq.m
Sq.m
Per Sq.m
Per Sq.m
Per Sq.m
XI Rain water Pipe / Plain pipe 1 RM Per RM
XII Steel wooden trusses 1 No. Per 1 No.
XIII Glass panels (Supply) Sq.m Per Sq.m
XIV Fixing of glass panels or cleaning No. Per No.

Rules for Measurement:
- The rules for measurement of each item are invariably described in IS – 1200. However some of the
general rules are listed below:
i. Measurement shall be made for finished item of work and description of each item shall include
materials, transport, labour, fabrication tools and plant and all types of overheads for finishing the
work in required shape, size and specification.
ii. In booking, the order shall be in sequence of length, breadth and height or thickness.
iii. All works shall be measured subject to the following tolerance. (a) Linear measurement shall be
measured to the nearest 0.01 m (b) Areas shall be measured to the nearest 0.01 Sq.m (c) Cubic
contents shall be worked out to the nearest 0.01 Cu m
iv. Same type of work under different conditions and nature shall be measured separately under
separate items.
v. The bill of quantities shall fully describe the materials, proportions, work man ships and accurately
represent the work to be executed.
vi. In case of masonry ( Stone or Brick) or structural concrete, the categories shall be measured
separately and the height shall be described.
a) from foundation to Plinth level
b) from Plinth level to First floor level
c) from First floor to Second floor level and so on….

In case of preparation of detailed estimate, the whole
project is divided into various stages. Each stage is divided into
items of work. A main or principle items of Civil Engg.Works are:
I. Earth Work Excavation.
Earth work excavation includes excavation and filling both. Both are considered in
different items and the quantities of both are calculated, separately. The rates for both items
are also different in S.S.R.
 Before excavation of foundations of structure, the site is leveled, after cleaning the
site, such as bushes, trees, grass etc. making convenient for making with lime for
actual excavation.
 The markings in the lime lines are made on the ground as per plans in the drawings,
and makes ready for excavation with required width and depth.
 The trenches for foundations should be excavated to the required width, the sides of
the trenches are vertical, and top width and bottom width should be equal.
 All the inner and outer measurements of trenches are measured accurately. The
cross measurements are tallied equally on both sides.
 The loose earth on the trenches are removed and rammed and sprinking the water.
 The removed earth may be damped to the maximum distance possible to the outer
side of excavation, without causing inconvenient for further construction works.

 If the soils of loose or collapsible nature, sides are protected by timber shuttering
and shoring.
 During excavation care is being taken without causing damage or loss to the
pipelines, sewer lines, telephone lines, etc.,
 The measurements will be taken, Length, Width, Depth accurately, if there is minor
variation in depth due to variation level, mean depth is taken for the purpose
calculation of quantities.
 The bottom level of trench is horizontally leveled.
 After construction items i.e., Concreting, R.R. Masonry in foundations and up to
plinth level, the gapes in foundations are filled with excavated earth. Balance earth is
used for filling basement, with watering and ramming.
 The refilling in foundations is neglected, or arrival from excavated quantity duly
deducting concreting and masonry items up to G.L. in basement filling quantity is
arrive as per actual measurements.

2. Concreting in Foundations.
 The measurements taken in volume by measuring Length X Width X Thickness (Depth).
 The length and width up earthwork item is same for concreting.
 The thickness of concrete various from 20 cms to 45 cms.
 The normal thickness is 30 cms.
 The proportions are cement concrete 1:4:8 or 1:5:10 with utility of 40 mm size HB metal.
3. Masonry.( Stone Masonry and Brick Masonry).
 The measurements are taken Length X Width X Height to arrive the quantity in cubic meters.
 The measurements in foundations and in basement up to plinth is taken as unit and beyond
plinth up to roof slab another unit, in first floor next unit and so on.
 The work is carried with desired quality of materials with required workmanship in horizontal
layers, vertically using plumbob, avoiding continuous vertical joints, using through stones with
desired proportion of mortar.
 The necessary deductions are made for doors, windows, cupboards, ventilators from the
masonry quantity.

4. Reinforced Cement Concrete Works.
 The R.C.C. works may be used for columns, plinth beams, lintels, verandah beams, sunshades,
Racks, T-beams, bed blocks, roof slabs etc.,
 The quantities are calculated in cubic meters.
 The length, breadth and thickness are measured accurately and quantities are calculated
including the steel reinforcement in position.
 The reinforcement and its bending is taken up separately and is measured in length and the total
weight is calculated, considering unit weight of each diameter of rod.
 The volume of steel is not required to be deducted from the measured quantity of R.C.C.
 R.C.C. works are also estimated for the complete work inclusive of steel, centering and
shuttering ( Centering and shuttering works are also known as form works).
 The form works are separately be done for each item. Ex: lintels with sufficient bearing in walls,
sunshades racks with monolithic connected from lintels or beams, roof slab etc. with suitable
vertical and horizontal supports without gaps.
5. Flooring.
o Generally for flooring in ground floor, the basement is filled with sand, watering ramming is
done. Over it the slabs of 4 to 5 cms thick were laid duly cutting edges to the required level and
edges of any stone slabs are pointed with CM 1:3 to full depth of stone slabs for suitable
stabilization of stone slabs.
o The quantity of work is calculated in square meters taking length and breadth of the room.

6. Roofing.
 The roofing is generally made with R.C.C. slab of suitable thickness 10 to 12 cms. With required
reinforcement.
 In some case roofing is done, with Kurnool Terrace, Madras Terrace, with A.C. sheet, Mangalore
tiles, pot tiles and pan tiles etc.,
 The quantity of work is calculated in square meters.
 In case of R.C.C. slab is calculated is in square meters, if thickness of slab is specified.
7. Plastering.
 The plastering is done on either side of masonry to protect and improve the site of the structure.
 For stone masonry out side is pointing is done instead of plastering.
 The thickness of plastering and the type of mortar are mentioned in the specification.
 Normally 12 mm thick plastering is done for brick masonry and 20 mm thick plastering is done
for stone masonry the C.M. proportion is 1:4.
 The pointing is done with C.M.1:3 deductions are made for plastering for doors, windows,
ventilators cupboards etc., one side only.
8. Pointing.
• Generally pointing is done to the external faces of stone masonry.
• The proportion of cement mortar adopted is C.M.1:3. Deductions are made similar to the case of
plastering.

9. Doors and Windows.
 Generally the doors and windows adopted are of teak wood or country wood of suitable
dimensions.
 The wood selected for frames and shutters confirm to I.S.,
 The sizes of doors are normally 1.00 X 2.00 m or 00.90 X 1.80 m keeping in view the utility of the
structure.
 Necessary painting with desired paint and workmanship is allowed for the utility and to improve
the life of doors and windows.
10. White Washing, Color Washing and Distempering.
 This items white washing, color washing and distempering are measured in square meters.
 The area is taken same as plastering.
 Inside is usually made white washing and outside is usually color washing and its area is taken
same as for outside plastering.
 These items need not be calculated separately, but simply written as same as inside plastering or
outside plastering.

11. painting.
o The item of painting is calculated is square meters.
o For painting and varnishing the doors and windows dimensions should be taken for outer
dimensions of the chowkat.
o The area is measured flat. No, separate measurements is taken for the chowkat, the area is same
as the area of wall opening. For iron grills etc.,
o The area of clear opening inside the chowkat is taken. For both faces of doors and windows, the
single area as measured above is multiplied by the following factors….
1. Flush Door - 2 times
2. Fully glazed Door - 1 time
3. Fully Paneled and Party glazed - 2 times
4. Fully Paneled Door - 2 ¼ times
5. Fully Paneled Window - 2 ¾ times

Lump – sum – Item.
• These are small items for which detailed quantities cannot be worked out easily.
• Site clearing and dressing, fire place front, architectural work or decoration work etc., are such
items are done on lump sum – rate basis.
Electrification.
o Usually 8% to 10% of the estimated cost of the building works is provided for electrification of
the building.
Water Supply and Sanitary Works.
 Usually 8% to 10% of the estimated cost of the building works is provided for water supply and
sanitary works.

Estimation
o Estimation : Probable cost before execution of work
o Actual cost : Known after completion of work
o Detailed Estimate: Consists of details of different items of work
Item
No.
Description of
Item of Work
No.
Measurements Quantities
or
Contents
Total
Quantity
Length Breadth
Depth /
Height
Abstract or Estimated Cost
 The cost under item of work is calculated from the quantities
 Contingency 3 to 5 % added.
Item
No.
Description of
Item of Work
Quantity Unit
Rate
in Rs.
Per Amount
Remarks if
any

The items of work like earth work excavation in
foundation, foundation concrete, stone masonry in
foundations and basement, stone or brick masonry in
super structure can be worked by the following
methods.
1. Centre line Method
2. Long - wall and Short – wall Method
Methods of Estimate

Centre line Method
 This method is easy and quicker in calculations
 The special attention is needed at junctions to calculate the accurate
Centre line of rooms for accuracy
 This method is well suitable for walls of similar cross sections
 In this method the total centre line multiplied by breadth and depth
of concerned items gives the total quantity of each items.
The centre line length of Room = Sum of centre line lengths of long
wall and short walls.
‫؞‬ The C.L. of Room = 2(C.L. Length of Long wall + C.L. of Short wall)
‫؞‬ The C.L. of long wall = ½ wall thickness + length + ½ wall thickness

Long Wall and Short Wall Method
o In this method the wall along the length of the room is called long
wall and the length along the width of the room is called short wall
o The room contains 2 Long walls + 2 Short walls
o To get the length of long wall, add the thickness of wall on either
side of room + Length of the room
o The length of short wall is the length of breadth of room.

Example :-1
Estimate the quantities of brickwork and plastering required in a wall 4.00 m long, 3.00 m
height and 30 cm thick. Calculate the cost if the rate of brick work is Rs. 320.00 per cu m and the cost
of plastering is Rs. 8.50 per sq. m.
Sol:-
Quantity of Brick work = L X B X H = 4 m X 3 m X 0.30 m = 3.60 cu m.
Quantity of Plastering ( Two faces) = 2 X 4 m X 3 m = 24 sq. m
Cost of Brick work = 3.60 X 320.00 = ₹ 1152.00
Cost of Plastering = 24 X 8.50 = ₹ 204.00
Total Cost in ₹ = 1152.00 + 204.00 = ₹ 1356.00.
The plan and section of room given below figure. Calculate the quantities of (1) Earth
work excavation, (2) Cement Concrete 1:4:8 bedding, (3) R.R.Masonry in foundations and basement,
(4) R.C.C. Plinth beam, (5) Filling the basement with excavated soils. Neglect the filling of foundations.
a) By Centre line method
b) By long wall and Short wall method.
Example :-2

Sol:-
Given Data : Room size - 6.00 X 5.00 m
Wall thickness – 0.35 m ( in super structure)
a) By Centre line Method.
Centre line of long wall = ½ X 0.35 + 6.00 + ½ X 0.35 = 6.35 m.
Centre line of short wall = ½ X 0.35 + 5.00 + ½ X 0.35 = 5.35 m.
Centre line of Room = 2( C.L. of LW + C.L of SW) = 2 ( 6.35 + 5.35 ) = 23.40 m.
Note: Centre line is common to all the items: viz. Earth work excavation, Concrete 1:4:8 bed – R.R. masonry for
foundations and basement and for plinth beam.
Sl.
No.
Description of Work No. L B D Quantity
Total
Quantity
Explanatory Note
1
Earth work excavation and
depositing on bank with initial
lead and lift in ordinary gravelly
soils for foundations
1x1 23.40 1.00 0.90 21.06 21.06
Width of trench = 1.00 m
Depth of trench = 0.90m
2
Cement Concrete 1:4:8 with 40
mm size HBG metal for bedding
all around
1x1 23.40 1.00 0.30 7.02 7.02
Width of cc bed = 1.00 m
Thickness of bed = 0.30m
3
R. R. masonry at Cm 1:6 for
foundations and basement.
All around for footing
All around for Basement
1x1
1x1
23.40
23.40
0.60
0.45
0.60
0.45
8.42
4.73
13.15
Footing width = 0.60 m
Footing Depth = 0.60 m
Basement width = 0.45 m
Basement Depth = 0.45 m
4
R. C. C. 1:2:4 with 20 mm size HB
metal with nominal
reinforcement to plinth beam.
1x1 23.40 0.45 0.15 1.599 1.60
Plinth beam width = 0.45 m
Plinth beam depth = 0.15 m
5
Filling the basement width
excavated soils including
watering ramming to complete
inside the room
1x1 5.90 4.90 0.45 13.00 13.00
In side Length = C.L. of Length – Wall thickness in basement = 6.35 – 0.45 = 5.90 m
In side Breadth = C. L. of Length – Wall thickness in basement = 5.35 – 0.45 = 4.90 m
In side Depth in basement = Basement height – Thickness of plinth = 0.60 – 0.15 = 0.45 m

b) By Long Wall and Short Wall Method.
Length of Long wall = Wall thickness + Length of Room + Wall thickness.
= Length of room + 2 x wall thickness.
= 6.00 + 2(0.35) = 6.70 m.
Length of Short wall = 5.00 m.
Note: The length of short wall varies for each item.
Sl.
No.
Total
Quantity
Explanatory Note
1
depositing on bank with initial lead
and lift in ordinary gravelly soils
For Long walls
For Short walls
1x2
1x2
7.35
4.35
1.00
1.00
0.90
0.90
13.23
7.83 21.20 cu m
L = 6.35+1.00 = 7.35 m (LW)
L = 5.35 – 1.00 = 4.35 m (SW)
2
Cement Concrete 1:4:8 with 40 mm
size HBG metal for bedding
For Long walls
For Short walls
1x2
1x2
7.35
4.35
1.00
1.00
0.30
0.30
4.41
2.61 7.10 cu m
Length same as for excavation
3
R. R. masonry at Cm 1:6 for
foundations and basement.
Footing for Long walls
for Short walls
Basement for Long walls
for Short walls
1x2
1x2
1x2
1x2
6.95
4.75
6.80
4.90
0.60
0.60
0.45
0.45
0.60
0.60
0.45
0.45
5.00
3.42
2.75
1.98 13.20 cu m
L = 6.35 + 0.60 = 6.95 m (LW-F)
L= 5.35 – 0.60 = 4.75 m(SW – F)
L = 6.35 + 0.45 = 6.80 m ( LW-B)
L = 5.35 – 0.45 = 4.90 m (SW-B)
4
R. C. C. 1:2:4 with 20 mm size HBG
metal with nominal reinforcement
for plinth beam.
For Long walls
For Short walls
1x2
1x2
6.80
4.90
0.45
0.45
0.15
0.15
0.918
0.661 1.60 cu m
Length same as for Basement
5
Filling the basement with excavated
soils including watering ramming to
complete inside the room
1x1 5.90 4.90 0.45 13.00 13.00 cu m
L = Lc - Bt = 6.35–0.45=5.90 m
B = Sc – Bt = 5.35-0.45=4.90 m
D = Bt – Pt = 0.60-0.15 = 0.45 m
L = Length; B = Breadth; D = Depth; Lc = Centre line length of long wall; Sc = Centre line length of short wall;
Bt = Basement thickness; Pt = Plinth thickness.

Example :- 3
Prepare an approximate estimate of the building with a plinth area of 1600 Sq. m. with the
following data:
1. Plinth area rate Rs. 3000 / sq. m.
2. Add for Architectural work 2 ½ % of the cost.
3. Add for water supply and sanitary installations = 5% of the cost.
4. Contingencies 3% of the cost.
5. Supervision charges = 2% of the cost.
Solution:
a) Building cost ( 1600 sq.m. area) = 1600 X 3000 = Rs . 48,00,000
b) Cost of Architectural works ( 2 ½ %) = 48,00,000 X 5/2*100 = Rs. 1,20,000
c) Cost of Water supply and sanitary installation ( 5%) = 48,00,000 X 5/100 = Rs. 2,40,000
d) Cost of Contingencies (3%) = 48,00,000 X 3/100 = Rs. 1,44,000
e) Cost of Supervision charges (2%) = 48,00,000 X 2/100 = Rs. 96,000
Total Cost of Building = ( a + b + c + d + e) = Rs. 54,00,000.00
Example :- 4:
The plinth area of the apartment is 400 sq. m. Determine the total cost of the building
with the following data:
1. Cost of construction = Rs. 1500 / cu m
2. Height of the apartment = 16.50 m
3. Water supply , Sanitary and Electrical installations each of 5% of building cost.
4. Architectural appearance at 1% of building cost
5. Unforeseen items at 2% of the building cost.
6. P.S. Charges and contingencies 4%

Solution:
1. The cost of building = Cubic content X Cubic rate = 400 X 16.50 X 1500 = ₹. 99,00,000/-
2. Provision for water supply, sanitation and = 99,00,000 X 3 X 5 = ₹. 14,85,000/-
Electrical installation each of 5% of building cost 100
3. Architectural appearance at 1% (99,00,000 X 1/100) = ₹. 99,000/-
4. Unforeseen items at 2% = 99,00,000 X 2/100 = ₹. 1,98,000/-
5. P.S. Charges and contingencies 4% = 99,00,000 X 4/100 = ₹. 3,96,000/-
Total : = ₹. 1,20,78,000/-
Sundries = ₹. 22,000/-
-----------------------
The Total Cost of the Building : = ₹. 1,21,00,000/-
------------------------

Example : 5
Estimate the quantities of the following items of a two roomed building from the given plan and section
below by Long wall and short wall method:
1. Earth work in excavation in foundation
2. Lime concrete in foundation
3. 1st class brickwork in C. M. 1:6 in foundation and plinth
4. 2.5 cm C.C. Damp proof course and
5. 1st class brick work in lime mortar in super structure.

Sl.
No.
Total
Quantity
Explanatory Note
1
depositing on bank with initial lead
and lift in ordinary gravelly soils
For Long walls
For Short walls
1x2
1x3
11.70
5.20
1.10
1.10
1.00
1.00
25.74
17.16 42.90 cu m
L = (4+6+0.30+2*0.3/2)+1.10 =
11.70m (LW)
L = (6+2*0.3/2)–1.10 = 5.20 m (SW)
2
Lime concrete for foundation
bedding
For Long walls
For Short walls
1x2
1x3
11.70
5.20
1.10
1.10
0.30
0.30
7.72
5.15 12.87 cu m
Length same as for excavation
3
1st class Brick work with CM 1:6 for
foundations and plinth.
For Long walls
1st footing
2nd footing
3rd footing
4th footing
Plinth wall above footing
For Short walls
1st footing
2nd footing
3rd footing
4th footing
1x2
1x2
1x2
1x2
1x2
1x3
1x3
1x3
1x3
1x3
11.40
11.30
11.20
11.10
11.00
5.50
5.60
5.70
5.80
5.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.20
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.80
0.20
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.80
3.65
1.58
1.34
1.11
7.04
2.64
1.18
1.03
0.87
5.66 26.10 cu m
L = 10.60 + 0.80 = 11.40 M
L = 10.60 + 0.70 = 11.30 M
L = 10.60 + 0.60 = 11.20 M
L = 10.60 + 0.50 = 11.10 M
L = 10.60 + 0.40 = 11.00 M
L = 6.30 – 0.80 = 5.50 M
L = 6.30 – 0.70 = 5.60 M
L = 6.30 – 0.60 = 5.70 M
L = 6.30 – 0.50 = 5.80 M
L = 6.30 – 0.40 = 5.90 M
4
Damp proof course 2.5 cm thick C.C.
For Long walls
For Short walls
Deductions for Doors sills
1x2
1x3
1x2
11.00
5.90
1.20
0.40
0.40
0.40
-
-
-
8.80
7.08
0.96
15.88 sq m
14.92 sq.m
Length same as for Plinth wall
5
1st class Brick work in lime mortar in
super structure
For Long walls
For Short walls
1x2
1x3
10.90
6.00
0.30
0.30
4.20
4.20
27.47
22.68 50.15 cu m
L = 10.60 + 0.30 = 10.90 M
L = 6.30 – 0.30 = 6.00 M
Solution:

Sl.
No.
Total
Quantity
Explanatory Note
Deductions –
Door openings
Window openings
Shelves
Lintels over Doors
Lintels over Windows
Lintels over Shelves
Total Deductions
1x2
1x4
1x2
1x2
1x4
1x2
1.20
1.00
1.00
1.50
1.30
1.30
0.30
0.30
0.20
0.30
0.30
0.30
2.10
1.50
1.50
0.15
0.15
0.15
1.51
1.80
0.60
0.14
0.23
0.12
(-) 4.40 cu m
45.75 cu m
Back of shelves 10 cm thick wall
Rates for different item of works:
1. Earth work excavation : ₹. 3350.00/ % cu.m
2. Lime concrete in foundation : ₹. 220.00/ cu. m
3. 1st class Brick work in C.M. 1:6 : ₹. 320.00/ cu. m
4. Damp Proof course : ₹. 18.00/sq.m
5. 1st class Brick work in L.M in SS : ₹. 300.00/ cu. M
Item
No.
Description of Item of Work Quantity Unit
Rate
in Rs.
Per Amount
1
Earth work excavation and depositing on
bank with initial lead and lift in ordinary
gravelly soils
42.90 Cu m 3350/- 100 cu m 1437.15
2 Lime concrete for foundation bedding 12.87 Cu m 220/- Cu m 2831.40
3
26.10 Cu m 320/- Cu m 8352.00
4 Damp proof course 2.5 cm thick C.C. 14.92 Sq.m 18/- Sq.m 268.56
5
1st class Brick work in lime mortar in super
structure
45.75 Cu m 300/- Cu m 13725.00
TOTAL COST OF THE BUILDING ₹. 26,614.00
Abstract Estimate:

By Centre Line Method:
Sl.
No.
Total
Quantity
Explanatory Note
1
lead and lift in ordinary gravelly
soils
1x1 39.00 1.10 1.00 42.90 42.90 cu m
Total centre line length =
40.10 m
L = 40.10 – (2x1.10/2)=39.00
m
2
Lime concrete for foundation
bedding
1x1 39.00 1.10 0.30 12.87 12.87 cu m Length same as foundation
3
1st class Brick work with CM
1:6 for foundations and plinth.
1st footing
2nd footing
3rd footing
4th footing
1x1
1x1
1x1
1x1
1x1
39.30
39.40
39.50
39.60
39.70
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.20
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.80
6.29
2.76
2.37
1.98
12.70 26.10 cu m
L = 40.10 – (2X0.80/2)=39.30
L = 40.10 - (2X0.70/2)=39.40
L = 40.10 – (2X0.60/2)=39.50
L = 40.10 – (2X0.50/2)=39.60
L = 40.10 – (2X0.40/2)=39.70
4
Damp proof course 2.5 cm
thick C.C.
Deductions for Door sill
1X1
1x2
39.70
1.20
0.40
0.40
-
-
15.88
( - )0.96
15.88
14.92 sq m
L = 40.10 – (2X0.40/2)=39.70
o In this problem, there are two junctions ( 1 & 2) of the
internal wall with the main wall.
o Total centre line length of the wall =
2 X c/c of long wall + 3 X c/c of short wall
= 2 X 10.60 + 3 X 6.3 = 40.10 m

Sl.
No.
Total
Quantity
Explanatory Note
5
1st class Brick work in lime
mortar in super structure
Deductions –
Door openings
Window openings
Shelves
Lintels over Doors
Lintels over Windows
Lintels over Shelves
Total Deductions
1x1
1X2
1X4
1X2
1X2
1X4
1X2
39.80
1.20
1.00
1.00
1.50
1.30
1.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.20
0.30
0.30
0.30
4.20
2.10
1.50
1.50
0.15
0.15
0.15
50.15
1.51
1.80
0.60
0.14
0.23
0.12
Net
50.15 cu m
(-) 4.40 cu m
45.75 cu m
L = 40.10 – (2X0.30/2)=39.80
Back of shelves 10 cm thick
wall.
Abstract Estimate:
Item
No.
Rate
in Rs.
Per Amount
1
gravelly soils
42.90 Cu m 3350/- 100 cu m 1437.15
2 Lime concrete for foundation bedding 12.87 Cu m 220/- Cu m 2831.40
3
26.10 Cu m 320/- Cu m 8352.00
4 Damp proof course 2.5 cm thick C.C. 14.92 Sq.m 18/- Sq.m 268.56
5
1st class Brick work in lime mortar in super
structure
45.75 Cu m 300/- Cu m 13725.00
TOTAL COST OF THE BUILDING ₹.26,614.00

Example : 6
A building consists of 120 sq.m. plinth area in each floor. It consists of ground and first floor, whose height are
4.0m and 3.6 m respectively. Calculate the cost of the building from the given data. The rates given below are
same for both floors.
1. Cubic area rate - 2000/- per cu m
2. Add for architectural work - 1% of the total cost
3. Add for water supply - 5% of the total cost
4. Add for sanitary work - 5% of the total cost
5. Add for electrical works - 6% of the total cost
6. Add for unforeseen items - 5% of the total cost
7. Add for supervision - 2.5% of the total cost.
Solution:
1. Volume of Ground floor - 120 X 4.0 m = 480 cu m
2. Volume of First floor - 120 X 3.60m = 432 cu m
a) Estimation of Ground Floor ( G F )
1. Cost of Ground floor of 480 cu m @ ₹. 2000/- per cu m 480 X 2000 = ₹. 9,60,000.00
2. Cost of architectural works @ 1% ( ₹. 9,60,000 X 1/100) = ₹. 9,600.00
3. Cost of water supply @ 5% ( ₹. 9,60,000 X 5/100) = ₹. 48,000.00
4. Cost of sanitary work @ 5% ( ₹. 9,60,000 X 5/100 ) = ₹. 48,000.00
5. Cost of Electricity @ 6% ( ₹. 9,60,000 X 6/100) = ₹. 57,600.00
6. Unforeseen items @ 5% ( ₹. 9,60,000 X 5/100) = ₹. 48,000.00
7. Supervision charges @ 2.5% ( ₹. 9,60,000 X 2.5/100) = ₹. 24,000.00
TOTAL COST OF GROUND FLOOR = ₹. 11,95,200.00

Cont.---
b) Estimation of First Floor ( F F )
1. Cost of First floor of 432 cu m @ ₹. 2000/- per cu m 432 X 2000 = ₹. 8,64,000.00
2. Cost of architectural works @ 1% ( ₹. 8,64,000 X 1/100) = ₹. 8,640.00
3. Cost of water supply @ 5% ( ₹. 8,64,000 X 5/100) = ₹. 43,200.00
4. Cost of sanitary work @ 5% ( ₹. 8,64,000 X 5/100 ) = ₹. 43,200.00
5. Cost of Electricity @ 6% ( ₹. 8,64,000 X 6/100) = ₹. 51,840.00
6. Unforeseen items @ 5% ( ₹. 8,64,000 X 5/100) = ₹. 43,200.00
7. Supervision charges @ 2.5% ( ₹. 8,64,000 X 2.5/100) = ₹. 21,600.00
TOTAL COST OF FIRST FLOOR = ₹. 10,75,680.00
TOTAL COST OF BUILDING = COST OF GROUND FLOOR + COST OF FIRST FLOOR
= ₹. 11,95,200.00 + ₹. 10,75,680.00
= ₹. 22,70,880.00
Add Sundries = ₹. 29,120.00
TOTAL COST OF THE BUILDING = ₹. 23,00,000.00

Example : 7
Prepare the detailed estimate for the masonry platform of size 5.00 X 4.00 m . The plan and section of
one platform is given below…
Solution:
General Specifications –
1. Foundation : C.C. 1:4:8 with 40
mm H.B. Metal
2. Masonry : R.R. Masonry in C.M
1:6 below and above G.L.
3. Flooring : Cement Concrete 1:4:8
and 50 mm thick over earth
filling.
4. Plastering : With C.M 1:4, 20 mm
thick all-round the platform.
Note: Centre line of platform :
= 2(4.30 + 0.35 + 3.30 +0.35)
= 16.60 m
Assume the Rates as per local market :
1. Earthwork excavation = ₹. 5000 / % Cu m
2. C.C. 1:4:8 = ₹. 4000 / Cu m
3. R.R.Masonry = ₹. 450 / Cu m
4. Brick work = ₹. 400 / Cu m
5. Filling the Basement with excavated soils = ₹. 120 / Cu m
6. Flooring of plastering = ₹. 25 / Sq.m
7. Plastering = ₹. 50 / Sq.m

Sl.
No.
Total
Quantity
Explanatory Note
1
lead and lift in ordinary
gravelly soils for foundation –
AL around platform
1x1 16.60 0.75 0.60 7.47 7.47 cu m
2
Cement Concrete 1:4:8 with
40 mm size HBG metal for
foundations of the platform
1x1 16.60 0.75 0.20 2.49 2.49 cu m
3
R.R. masonry in C.M. 1:6 for
foundations
1x1 16.60 0.45 0.40 3.00 3.00 cu m
4
Brick masonry in C.M. 1:6 in
basement
1x1 16.60 0.35 1.00 5.81 5.81 cu m
5
Filling the basement with
excavated soils
Note: Filling foundation is
generally negligible.
1x1 4.30 3.30 0.95 13.48 13.48 cu m
Inner side length =
5.00-2(0.35)=4.30 m
Inner side Breadth =
4.00 – 2(0.35) = 3.30 m
Inner side Height =
1.00 – 0.05 = 0.95 m
6
Flooring with cement
concrete 1:4:8 with 50 mm
thick and top plastering with
1:4 with 12 mm thick over
platform.
1x1 4.30 3.30 - 14.19 14.19 Sq.m
Length & Breadths are
same as per the
Basement.
7
Plastering with C.M. 1:4 with
12 mm thick all-around four
sides top of walls
over platform
1x1
1x1
18.00
16.60
1.00
0.35
-
-
18.00
5.81
23.81 Sq.m
Length all-around =
4x0.35 + 16.60 = 18.00

Item
No.
Rate in
Rs.
Per Amount
1
gravelly soils for foundation –
AL around platform 7.47 Cu m 5000 % cu m 373.50
2
Cement Concrete 1:4:8 with 40 mm size
HBG metal for foundations of the platform
2.49 Cu m 4000 Cu m 9960.00
3 R.R. masonry in C.M. 1:6 for foundations 3.00 Cu m 450 Cu m 1350.00
4 Brick masonry in C.M. 1:6 in basement 5.81 Cu m 400 Cu m 2324.00
5
Filling the basement with excavated soils
Note: Filling foundation is generally
negligible.
13.48 Cu m 200 Cu m 1617.00
6
Flooring with cement concrete 1:4:8 with
50 mm thick and top plastering with 1:4
with 12 mm thick over platform.
14.19 Sq.m 25 Sq.m 354.75
7
Plastering with C.M. 1:4 with 12 mm thick
all-around four sides top of walls
over platform
23.81 Sq.m 50 Sq.m 1190.50
Cost of the platform
Add Sundries / L.S. Charges
17,170.35
829.65
TOTAL COST OF THE PLAT FORM ₹. 18,000.00
Abstract Estimate:

Example : 8
Estimate the quantities of the following items of a residential building from the given below
drawings by Long wall - Short wall method and Centre line method:
1. Earth work excavation in foundation
2. Lime concrete in foundation
3. First class brick work in 1:6 cement sand mortar in foundation and plinth
4. 2.5 cm Damp proof course, and
5. first class brick work in lime mortar in super structure.

Solution:
(i) By Long Wall – Short Wall Method
Center to Center lengths of wall:
Drawing and left hand side bed room combined:
Center to center long walls = (0.30/2 ) + 6.00 + 0.30 + 4.00 + (0.30/2) = 10.60 m
Center to center short walls = (0.30/2) +5.00 + (0.30/2) = 5.30 m
Bed rooms right side ( Both combined):
Center to center long walls = (0.30/2) + 5.00 + 0.30 + 4.00 + (0.30/2) = 9.60 m
Center to center short walls = (0.30/2) + 4.50 + (0.30/2) = 4.80 m
Front verandah:
Front wall center to center length = (0.30/2)+5.00+0.30+4.00+0.10+(0.20/2) = 9.65
Side wall center to center length = (0.20/2) + 2.00 + (0.30/2) = 2.25 m
Back verandah including bath room:
Center to center long wall (rear wall including bath room) = 9.65 m same as front verandah wall
Center to center length of side wall of bath room = (0.30/2) + 2.50 + (0.20/2) = 2.75 m

Details of Measurement and Calculation of Quantities:
SL .NO/
ITEM NO
DESCRIPTION OF ITEM NO'S
MEASUREMENTS
QUANTITY
TOTAL
QUANTITY
EXPLANATORY NOTE
LENGTH BREADTH
DEPTH
/
HEIGHT
I
Earth work excavation in foundation -
DRAWING ROOM AND LEFTSIDE BED ROOM
FOR LONG WALLS 2 11.5 0.9 1 20.7 10.60+0.90 = 11.50 M
FOR SHORT WALLS 3 4.4 0.9 1 11.88 5.30-0.9 = 4.4 M
BED ROOMS FOR RIGHT SIDE (2 NO'S)
FOR LONG WALLS 2 9.6 0.9 1 17.28 L = 9.60 + 0.90/2 - 0.90/2 = 9.60 M
FOR SHORT WALLS 2 3.9 0.9 1 7.02 L= 4.80 - 0.90 = 3.90 M
FRONT VERANDAH - LONG WALL 1 9.5 0.6 0.5 2.85
SHORT WALL 1 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.45
BACK VERANDAH - LONG WALL 1 9.5 0.6 0.5 2.85
SHORT WALL 2 2 0.6 0.5 1.2
64.23 cu m
II
Lime concrete in foundation - for Drawing hall
and left side bed room
Long wall 2 11.5 0.9 0.3 6.21
Short wall 3 4.4 0.9 0.3 3.564
Right side Bedrooms ( Both)
Long wall 2 9.6 0.9 0.3 5.184
L is same as per the Earth work
excavation
Short wall 2 3.9 0.9 0.3 2.106
Front side Verandah
Long wall 1 9.5 0.6 0.2 1.14
Short wall 1 1.5 0.6 0.2 0.18
Backside Verandah
Long wall 1 9.5 0.6 0.2 1.14
Short wall 2 2 0.6 0.2 0.48
20.004 Cu m

SL .NO/
ITEM NO
MEASUREMENTS
QUANTITY
TOTAL
QUANTITY
EXPLANATORY NOTE
LENGTH BREADTH
DEPTH
/
HEIGHT
III
1st class Brick work in foundation
and plinth with CM (1:6) - Drawing
hall and left side bedroom
For Long wall -------- 1st footing 2 11.2 0.6 0.2 2.688 L = 10.60 + 0. 60 = 11.20 m
2 nd footing 2 11.1 0.5 0.2 2.22 L = 10.60 +0.50 = 11.10 m
Plinth wall 2 11 0.4 0.9 7.92 L = 10.60 + 0.40 = 11.00 m
For Short wall -------1st footing 3 4.7 0.6 0.2 1.692 L= 5.30 - 0.60 = 4.70 m
2nd footing 3 4.8 0.5 0.2 1.44 L = 5.30 - 0.50 = 4.80 m
Plinth wall 3 4.9 0.4 0.9 5.292 L = 5.30 - 0.40 = 4.90 m
Right side Bedrooms (Both) ----
For Long wall
1st footing 2 9.6 0.6 0.2 2.304 L = 9.60 -0.6/2 + 0.60/2 = 9.60 m
2nd footing 2 9.6 0.5 0.2 1.92 L = 9.60 -0.50/2 + 0.50/2 =9.60
Plinth wall 2 9.6 0.4 0.9 6.912 L = 9.60 - 0.40/2 +0.4/2 = 9.60
For Short wall -------1st footing 2 4.2 0.6 0.2 1.008 L = 4.80 - 0.60 = 4.20 m
2nd footing 2 4.3 0.5 0.2 0.86 L = 4.80 - 0.50 = 4.30 m
Plinth wall 2 4.4 0.4 0.9 3.168 L= 4.80 - 0.40 = 4.40 M
Front Verandah –
Front long wall footing
1 9.65 0.4 0.2 0.772 L = 9.65 - 0.40/2 + 0.40/2 =9.65 m
Plinth wall 1 9.6 0.3 0.7 2.016 L = 9.65 - 0.40/2 +0.3/2 = 9.60 m
For Side wall - Footing 1 1.85 0.4 0.2 0.148 L= 2.25 - 0.40/2 -0.40/2 = 1.85 m
Plinth wall 1 1.9 0.3 0.7 0.399 L = 2.25 - 0.40/2 - 0.30/2 = 1.90 m
Back side Verandah –
Long wall - Footing
1 9.65 0.4 0.2 0.772
Length Same as for front
verandah
Plinth Wall 1 9.6 0.3 0.7 2.016
Short wall - Footing 2 2.35 0.4 0.2 0.376 L = 2.75 -0.40/2 - 0.40/2 = 2.35 m
Plinth wall 2 2.4 0.3 0.7 1.008 L = 2.75 -0.40/2 - 0.30/2 = 2.40 m
44.931 Cu m

SL .NO/
ITEM NO
MEASUREMENTS
QUANTITY
TOTAL
QUANTITY
EXPLANATORY NOTE
LENGTH BREADTH
DEPTH /
HEIGHT
IV
2.5 cm damp proof course -
Drawing and Left side Bed room
Long wall 2 11 0.4 - 8.8 L is same as Plinth wall
Short wall 3 4.9 0.4 - 5.88
Right Side Bed rooms (Both )
Long wall 2 9.6 0.4 - 7.68
Short wall 2 4.4 0.4 - 3.52
Verandah Pillars 4 0.5 0.3 - 0.6 0.40+2*0.05 = 0.50
Bathroom rear wall 1 2.3 0.3 - 0.69 L= 2.20+2*0.05 = 2.30 m
Side and Inner wall 2 2.4 0.3 - 1.44 L = 2.75 - 0.4/2 - 0.3/2 = 2.40 m
Gross Quantity 28.61 Sq. m
Deductions:
Door Sills - D1 6 1.2 0.4 - 2.88
Door Sills - D2 2 1 0.4 - 0.8
Door Sills - D3 1 0.75 0.3 - 0.225
3.905 (-) 3.905 Sq.m
Net Quantity 24.70 Sq. m

SL .NO/
ITEM NO
MEASUREMENTS
QUANTITY
TOTAL
QUANTITY
EXPLANATORY NOTE
LENGTH BREADTH
DEPTH /
HEIGHT
V
1st class brickwork in super structure
in lime mortar - Drawing and left bed
room
Long wall 2 10.9 0.3 4 26.16 L= 10.60+0.30 = 10.90 m
Short wall 3 5 0.3 4 18 L= 5.3 - 2*0.3/2 = 5.00 m
Bed rooms in right side (Both )
Long wall 2 9.6 0.3 4 23.04 L= 9.60-0.3/2+0.30/2 = 9.60 m
Short wall 2 4.5 0.3 4 10.8 L=4.80-2*0.3/2 = 4.50m
Front verandah
Long wall 1 9.6 0.2 3.05 5.856 L= 9.65 - 0.3/2 +0.2/2 = 9.60 m
Short wall 1 2 0.2 3.05 1.22 L= 2.25 -0.3/2 - 0.2/2 = 2.00 m
Backside Verandah
Long wall 1 9.6 0.2 3.05 5.856
Short wall 2 2.5 0.2 3.05 3.05 L= 2.75 - 0.30/2 - 0.20/2 = 2.50 m
Gross Quantity 93.982 Cu m
DEDUCTIONS:
Door Openings - D1 6 1.2 0.3 2.1 4.536
Door Openings - D2 2 1 0.3 2 1.2
Door Openings - D3 1 0.75 0.2 1.8 0.27
Window Openings - W1 11 1 0.3 1.5 4.95
Window Openings - W2 1 2 0.3 1.5 0.9
Window Openings - W3 2 0.75 0.2 1.2 0.36
Clerestory Window openings ( CW) 18 0.75 0.3 0.6 2.43
Shelves openings 5 1 0.2 1.5 1.5
Front verandah openings in b/w pillars 1 8.45 0.2 2.4 4.056 L= 9.65 - 3*0.40 = 8.45 m
Side opening 1 2 0.2 2.4 0.96
Backside verandah opening 1 6.8 0.2 2.4 3.264 L=9.6-2.40 -0.40 = 6.80 m
Lintels :-
Over Door - D1 6 1.5 0.3 0.15 0.405
Over Door - D2 2 1.3 0.3 0.15 0.117
Over Door - D3 1 0.95 0.2 0.15 0.0285
Over Windows - W1 11 1.3 0.3 0.15 0.6435
Over Windows - W2 1 2.3 0.3 0.15 0.1035
Over Windows - W3 2 0.95 0.2 0.15 0.057
Over CW 18 0.95 0.3 0.15 0.7695
Over Shelves 5 1.3 0.3 0.15 0.2925
Verandah Lintels - Front 1 9.75 0.2 0.15 0.2925 L = 9.6 +0.15 = 9.75 m
Side opening 1 2.15 0.2 0.15 0.0645 L= 2.0+0.15 = 2.15 m
Backside verandah opening 1 7.5 0.2 0.15 0.225 (-) 27.40 Cu m L= 9.60-2.40 +2*0.15 = 7.50 m
27.40 cu m
Net Quantity 66.59 cu m

(ii) By Centre Line Method
Total centre length of all 30 cm walls ( Same category / Type) of main rooms:
= Total centre length of walls of drawing and left side bed room + Total centre length of walls of right side bed rooms
= (2 X centre to centre length of long wall + 3 X Centre to centre length of short wall)
+
(2 X centre to centre length of long wall + 2 X centre to centre length of short wall)
= ( 2 X 10.60 + 3 X 5.30 ) + ( 2 X 9.60 + 2 X 4.80)
= 37.10 + 28.80
= 65.90 m
Number of junctions for these walls is 6 as per figure. All these junctions are with main walls of 30 cm.
Total centre length of all 20 cm walls ( Same category / Type) of front verandah, back verandah and bath
room.
= ( centre to centre length of front wall + centre to centre length of side wall)
+
( centre to centre length of back verandah long wall including bath + 2 X centre to centre length of cross walls of bath room)
= (9.65 + 2.25) + (9.65 + 2 X 2.75)
= 11.90 + 15.15
= 27.05 m
Number of junctions of these walls is 5 + 1 as per figure.
Five junctions are with main walls of 30 cm and one junction with similar wall of 20 cm.

Sl.
No.
Total
Quantity
Explanatory Note
1
depositing on bank with
initial lead and lift in ordinary
gravelly soils for foundation
wall of main room ( six
junctions)
Walla of verandahs including
bath ( five and one junction)
1x1
1x1
63.20
24.50
0.90
0.60
1.00
0.50
56.88
7.35 64.23 Cu m
L = 65.90 – 6*(0.90/2) =
63.20 m
L = 27.05 – 5*(0.90/2) –
1*(0.60/2) = 24.50 m
2
Lime concrete in foundation
Walls of main rooms
Walls of verandah and bath
1x1
1x1
63.20
25.50
0.90
0.60
0.30
0.20
17.06
3.06 20.12 Cu m
L same as above EWE
L = 27.05 – 5*(0.50/2) –
1*(0.60/2) = 25.50 m
3
1st class brick work in
foundation and plinth in 1:6
cement mortar.
Walls of main rooms:
1st footing
2nd footing
Walls of verandah and bath:
Footing
1x1
1x1
1x1
1x1
1x1
64.10
64.40
64.70
25.85
25.90
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.90
0.20
0.70
7.69
6.44
23.29
2.07
5.44 44.93 Cu m
L = 65.90 – 6* (0.60/2) =
64.10 m
L = 65.90 – 6*(0.50/2) =
64.40 m
L = 65.90 – 6*(0.40/2) =
64.70 m
L = 27.05 – 5*(0.40/2) –
1*(0.40/2) = 25.85 m
L = 27.05 – 5*(0.40/2) –
1*(0.30/2) = 25.90 m
4
2.5 cm Damp proof course:
Walls of main rooms
Verandah pillars
Bath room (Total of 3 walls)
Deductions:
Door sills – D1
Door sills – D2
Door sills – D3
1x1
1x4
1x1
1x6
1x2
1x1
64.70
0.50
7.30
1.20
1.00
0.75
0.40
0.30
0.30
0.40
0.40
0.30
-
-
-
-
-
25.88
0.60
2.19
2.88
0.80
0.23
Gross Qty:
28.67 Cu m
Deduct
(-)3.91 Cu m
Net Qty:
24.76 Cum
L is same as for plinth
wall
5 cm extra on all sides
L =
(2.20+2*0.15)+2*[(2.75-
(0.40/2)-(0.30/2)] =7.30 m

Sl.
No.
Total
Quantity
Explanatory Note
5
1st class brick work in super
structure in lime mortar:
Walls of main rooms
Walls of verandah and bath
( as solid)
Deductions:
Deduct openings and lintels
Same as for the details of
Long wall – Short wall
method item no.5
1x1
1x1
65.00
26.20
0.30
0.20
4.00
3.05
78.00
15.98
27.40 Cu m
Gross
Quantity:
93.98 Cu m
Deduct
Quantity
27.40 Cu m
Net
Quantity :
66.58 Cu m
L = 65.90 – 6* (0.30/2) =
65.00 m
L = 27.05 – 5*(0.30/2) –
1*(0.20/2) = 26.20 m

Example – 9:
Estimate the quantities of a single room building ( Framed Structure) size of 6.00
m X 4.00 m from the given below drawings.

Solution:
Sl.
No.
Total
Quantity
Explanatory Note
1
Earth work excavation for
foundation:
For column trenches
For wall footings centre to
centre
1x4
1x1
1.20
16.40
1.20
0.90
1.50
0.60
8.64
8.86 17.50 Cu m
For wall length:
L = 2x(6+4) –
4*0.9(pedestal) = 16.40 m
2
Sand filling in foundation for
Columns
1x4 1.20 1.20 0.15 0.864 0.864 Cu m
3
Cement Concrete 1:4:8 by
using 40 mm HBG metal for
column
1x4 1.20 1.20 0.15 0.864 0.864 Cu m
4
R.C.C (1:2:4) by using 20 mm
HBG metal for column
footings
1x4 1.20 1.20 0.60 3.456 3.456 Cu m
5
R.C.C (1:2:4) by using 20 mm
HBG metal for pedestal
1x4 0.90 0.90 0.45 1.458 1.458 Cu m
6
R.R. Masonry for wall
foundation all-around
1x1 20.00 0.90 0.60 10.80 10.80 Cu m L = 2 ( 6.00+4.00) = 20.00 m
7 Plinth Beam all-around walls 1x1 21.20 0.30 0.30 1.91 1.91 Cu m
L =
2(6.00+4.00)+4(Columns)*
0.30 = 21.20 m
8 R.C.C (1:2:4) for Columns 1x4 0.30 0.30 4.20 1.512 1.512 Cu m
D = 0.15+0.75-0.30+3.00-
0.30+0.90 = 4.20 m
9 Basement filling with sand 1x1 5.10 3.10 0.75 11.86 11.86 Cu m
L = 6.00 – 0.90 = 5.10 m
B = 4.00 – 0.90 = 3.10 m

Sl.
No.
Total
Quantity
Explanatory Note
10
Cement Concrete 1:4:8
flooring
1x1 5.10 3.10 0.15 2.372 2.372 Cu m
L & B are same as per
basement
11
1st class brick work for super
structure
Deductions:
Doors (Assume 2 No’s)
Windows ( Assume 2 No’s)
1x1
1x2
1x1
21.20
1.20
1.00
0.30
0.30
0.30
3.00
2.10
1.50
19.08
1.512
0.45
19.08 Cu m
(-) 1.962 Cu m
Net Quantity
17.118 Cu m
L is same as per the
plinth beam all around
walls
12
R.C.C (1:2:4) for slab Beams
all-around the room
1x1 21.20 0.30 0.30 1.91 1.91 Cu m
13 R.C.C (1:2:4) Slab 1x1 6.60 4.60 0.12 3.643 3.643 Cu m
L = 0.30+6.00+0.30 =
6.60 m
B = 0.30+4.00+0.30 =
4.60 m
14
1st class brick work for super
structure
Parapet wall 1x1 22.00 0.10 0.90 1.98 1.98 Cu m
L = 2( 6.50 + 4.50) =
22.00 m

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